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The Amfissa, Agia Efthymia, Agios Georgios, Agios Konstantinos, Drosochori, Eleonas, Viniani, Monastery, Prosilio, Sernikaki are its settlements Φωκίδας.
Generally
H Amfissa is the capital of the Regional Unit of Fokida, with a population of 6,919 inhabitants (Census 2011). It is located at the northern end of the Olive Grove of Amfissa, ie the ancient Krissaio Pedio, at the foot of the mountain Elatos of Giona, while to the east is Parnassos. Amfissa is located south of it Lamia, northwest of Livadia and of Delphi, northeast of Ναυπάκτου and east of [[Lidoriki | Lidoriki}}. Its port is Willow, which is 13 km away and with which Amfissa is connected by road. The Municipal Unit of Amfissa has a total population of 8,370 inhabitants and includes the villages of Agia Efthymia, Agios Georgios, Agios Konstantinos, Drosochori, Eleonas, Viniani, Monastiriki , the inhabitants were engaged in professions such as tannery, bell-making and rope-making, for which Amfissa was known, while today there are few who are engaged in them. Most of its inhabitants are engaged in the cultivation of olives, since there is a huge continuous area with olives in the area, which is called "Olive grove of Amfissa", where the "Amfissa olives" are produced, and which is protected as part of the Delphic Landscape.
History
The history of Amfissa dates back to antiquity, as it has been inhabited since ancient times as evidenced by the "Cyclopean Walls" of the Acropolis and the reference of Pausanias to two memorable tombs in the city, Amfissa and Andrew, who was his father. king of the Aetolians and hero of the Trojan War, Thoantos. Amfissa was a large city-state and the capital of Esperia or Ozola Lokra. Herodotus refers to her as "above the Christian field". From the 8th century BC, it maintained trade relations with Corinth and with cities in the northwestern Peloponnese. In the 7th century BC. Amfissa was organized as a city-state with the arts and trade flourishing for three centuries. In 653 BC. Inhabitants of the city and the wider area migrated to Lower Italy where they founded the colony of the Epic Bridge, a city that still exists today under the name Locri. In the Peloponnesian War (431 BC - 404 BC), the Amphissians sided with the Spartans against the Athenians. In 338 BC. Amfissa was destroyed by Philip II of Macedonia, who, having been summoned by the Amphitryons and as the head of the Amphitheater Congress of Delphi, during the Fourth Holy War dug it out of its foundations and tore down its citadel. for disrespect and refused to pay a fine, because they had illegally cultivated lands of the Christian Field belonging to Delphi. The city was rebuilt and was part of the mighty Aetolian Confederation, from the 3rd century BC, and one of its most important cities , with which he took part, in 278 BC, in the victorious battle against the Gauls, which consolidated the rule of the Confederacy in Greece. During the 2nd century BC. Amfissa experienced its greatest prosperity, minting its own coins, while it had the Parliament and the Church of the Municipality, when, according to the doctrine of the Roman Senate preached in Corinth, during the Isthmia, the Roman high Titus Quintus Flaminus became independent city and capital of Ozolia Locri. In 190 BC. the Roman highman Manios Achilles Glavrionas failed to oust the city, while later, the city will make peace with Rome and will remain as an independent state without paying taxes in Rome. In the period 174 BC. - 160 π.Χ. It suffered great damage from the war between the pro-Roman Aetolians and the separatists, and many of its buildings were set on fire. In 27 BC. Octavian Augustus, in remembrance of his victory at Aktio, founded Nikopolis, but many Aetolians disobeyed his order to settle the new city and preferred to move to Amfissa, as dictated by ancient kinship ties. Amfissa then gained a huge population and became one of the most prosperous cities of Greece in imperial Roman times, a prosperity that lasted for at least two centuries.
In the Byzantine period the information about Amfissa comes mainly from the "Chronicle of Galaxidi". Amfissa was attacked by the Bulgarian hordes of Samuel in the late 10th century, who captured it and killed many of its inhabitants after their defeat at Galaxidi. In 1054 the city suffered from a plague. At the beginning of the 13th century, the period of Frankish rule in Greece begins and the city was conquered by the King of Thessaloniki, Bonifatio Momferatiko. The Franks renamed Amfissa La Lale and the Greek Salons, founding the Authority of the Salons. The first Earl of Salona was appointed Thomas Aid d'Otremenkour (1204 - 1210), who built the mighty Castle of Salona on the foundations of the ancient citadel of Amfissa, while in 1210 the city and the whole region temporarily fell to the Despot of Epis , Michael I Komnenos Doukas, until 1212, when the area was recaptured by the Franks. The Authority of the Salons was initially placed under the rule of the Principality of Achaia and from 1278 it appears as a vassal in the Duchy of Athens. County. In May 1380, he was occupied by the Navarre Company for a short time, while after the death of Louis Fadrick in 1382 and until 1394 his wife and Byzantine countess Eleni Kantakouzini exercised power. In 1397 the county passed into the hands of the Turkish Sultan Vayazit I, after the invitation of the despot Seraphim to the Turks to come to occupy Salona and save the inhabitants from the Frankish dynasty, Konto. In about 1402 it fell to the Despot of Mystras, Theodore I Palaiologos, who did not have the strength to keep it and so he sold it to the Knights of St. John. During the Catalan occupation, the county was governed by Catalan law. In 1410 it finally fell to the Ottoman Turks. In 1580 there was a terrible earthquake in the area that destroyed many houses in Salona and the surrounding villages. During the Turkish occupation, various uprisings took place in the area of Parnassida, the most important one being in 1687, when Bishop Salonon Philotheos and Armatolos Kourmas liberated the area from the Turks, until 1698 and the Treaty of Karlovic.
On Easter day, April 10, 1821, the Castle of Salona was conquered by the Greeks and became the first castle to return to Greek hands, exterminating the 600 imprisoned Turks and taking their weapons at the same time. After the liberation, Salona became the capital of the Eastern Peninsula of Greece with the establishment of the Supreme Court of Salona where the Constitution of the Eastern Peninsula of Greece was voted. In 1825 the Turks occupied Salona again, for a few months, while the same happened in 1826, by Kioutachis. The second time, the Turks will hold the city until 1829, when they will hand it over to Demetrios Ypsilantis. Having officially taken the name Amfissa again, the city progresses and the Ottoman buildings, including six mosques, are demolished, but the earthquake of 1870 demolished many old buildings in the city.
In April 1941, after a bombing (on April 25, which had no casualties or damage), the Germans occupied the city and handed it over to the Italians, until July 1943, when the city came under German occupation. During the years of occupation by the Italians and the Germans during World War II, the city and the surrounding area were badly tested and there were disasters (burning villages, executions) in neighboring villages (Agia Efthymia, Vounihora, Segditsa, etc.). In October 1943, the Germans were forced to leave the city and then the general area, which would remain free until February 1944, when the Germans returned. The final withdrawal of the Germans from the city will take place on October 15, 1944. The city was also tested in the Civil War with many losses for its inhabitants.
Tourist sites
How to get there
By road
By roadHow to move
What to see
- Castle of Salona (Castle of Oria). where was the acropolis of ancient Amfissa from which are preserved relics of the ancient Cyclopean Walls - with relics of three building styles, Greek, Roman and Byzantine, which is built partly with ancient material with additions Hellenistic, Byzantine, in the Greek precinct, the inner gate, the Byzantine Queen's Tower and the Frankish Church are preserved
- Wolfhole (at the base of Kofina hill at the eastern end of Amfissa). carved vaulted Mycenaean tomb
- Byzantine Church of the Savior (3 km away from the city). built in the 11th century AD on a steep slope, with porcelain walls
- Archaeological Museum of Amfissa. is housed in the building where the First National Assembly of Eastern Greece was held, with a collection of ancient and new coins donated by Drossos Kravartogiannou, mosaics, tombs, tombstones, inscriptions and objects from the Bronze Age to all Roman years of the area, as well as an impressive statue of Persephone from ancient Kallio located in the prefecture of Fokida
- Folklore Museum of Amfissa.
- Metropolitan Church of the Annunciation (The city center). with the famous murals,
- Early Christian Baptistery (next to the Metropolitan Church). of the 3rd and 4th century AD, with Roman and Christian mosaics
- old tannery district (Harmaina). In this district there is also a municipal gallery with antiques from the frescoes of the previous church
- Municipal Library of Amfissa. 40,000 volumes, founded in 1957 by the Phocaean Student Union, with rare books
Municipal Gallery << Spyros Papaloukas. >>
Entertainment
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Where will you stay?
Three star hotels in Varonos, Kastri, Hermes
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