Warsaw(Polish: Warszawa) YesPolandThe capital has approximately 1.7 million residents. This war-torn city is like a phoenix in mythology, constantly being destroyed, rebuilt, and reborn from the ashes. Warsaw and the Netherlands during World War IIRotterdamThe same was repeatedly destroyed, but compared to the latter, the former suffered a more violent blow. As one of the largest Jewish gathering places in Europe, Warsaw has suffered the most painful memories in the Western Hemisphere due to the Holocaust in Nazi Germany. Today, Warsaw has become one of the fastest-growing capitals in the European Union, with the number of inhabitants in the city center as high as the ninth in the European Union. The local architecture is full of eclectic style, both nostalgic and trendy. Warsaw’s subway system can lead you to many sceneries of the city, and some of them are very close to each other. You can also find a large number of restaurants and bars here to enjoy the fun of nightlife. As for museums and art galleries, they are even within reach.
Partition
| Old Town and New Town Before becoming the capital of Poland at the end of the 16th century, the Old City was the entire area of Warsaw. The new city to the north of the old city marks the first expansion of Warsaw beyond the city walls, and the 16th, 17th, and 18th century buildings will surely make visitors linger. The old city and the new city were destroyed in World War II, and were carefully restored after the war. |
| Srodmische Located in the center of Warsaw, due to the large number of hotels, this is the area where tourists spend the most time traveling in Warsaw. There are monuments built for the Jews to remind people to cherish peace. This district includes the old city and the new city in the administrative divisions. |
| Central West(Wola, Ochota, Żoliborz) Here are some attractions that people who love the history of World War II would like to visit. Wola used to be an industrial area, and it was an area where Jewish people lived in large numbers during the war. It also has the oldest cemetery in Warsaw, but it is gradually becoming a modern commercial center. The West District as a whole attracts attention as an urban area. |
| Pu Lajia(Praga Północ, Praga Południe) Located in Hedong, it was an independent city before the 19th century, so it has a unique history. In the past few decades, this is not the best place for sightseeing. As time enters the 21st century, it is gradually becoming the trendy weather vane in Warsaw. |
| South of Warsaw(Mokotów, Ursynów, Wilanów) The south of Warsaw bears many old things, and it has been developing rapidly since the end of World War II. Visitors will find museums, parks and other good places here, as well as the historical monument Wilanow Palace. |
| Warsaw North(Bielany, Białołęka, Targówek) The northern part of Warsaw is called "the bedroom of the city", and it does not seem to be a crowded place for tourists, but there are churches for worshippers here. |
| West Warsaw(Bemowo, Włochy, Ursus) In addition to many villages with a long history in western Warsaw, there are modern buildings and an airport named after the famous musician Chopin. |
| East Warsaw(Rembertów, Wawer, and Wesoła) This is a continuous residential area, which seems incompatible with the modern apartments in other areas. But even so, there are also attractions that tourists love. |
learn
history
Chengyi Grass Creation
Since the 9th century, humans have lived in the area of present-day Warsaw. But it wasn't until the 13th century that Grand Duke Mazovia discovered this place. Because it is too young compared to contemporary cities, Warsaw isPlotskAnd Krakow, the capital of Poland at the time, seemed secondary. Later, due to economic and geographic advantages, the importance of Warsaw increased significantly, and the House of Representatives also moved to the local area. Since then, Warsaw has become the host of Polish elections.
Capital of a country
In 1596, King Zygmunt III decided to live in the Royal Castle in Warsaw, which marked that Warsaw became the de facto capital of Poland. Since then, the city has entered an era of rapid development, no longer limited to the old and new cities, and nobles have also settled around Warsaw. In the 17th century, Pulaja on the right bank of the Vistula established a town and merged with Warsaw in the 19th century.
The rise of European powers has made Warsaw as war-torn as many other cities, but it has not stopped her from growing into a modern city. Stanislaw August, the last king of Poland, followed the pace of the Enlightenment and pushed Warsaw to a more developed end in the second half of the 18th century.
In the late 18th century, Poland was like a candle in the wind, experiencing a period of humiliation for a weak country without diplomacy. Warsaw fell under Prussian rule during this period and lost its status. During the French emperor Napoleon’s eastward campaign, the Principality of Warsaw was established on the land ceded by Prussia, but the Principality perished before it lasted for ten years. With Napoleon’s defeat, Warsaw was again included in the sphere of influence of Tsarist Russia.
Russian rule
During the Russian rule, Warsaw was still the capital of the Kingdom of Poland (known as the Polish Conference Kingdom in history), but at this time the kingdom has become part of the Russian-led "Communist Confederation" (that is, the Russian puppet regime). Independence, the kings are also Russian czars. Despite this, as one of the westernmost cities in Tsarist Russia, Warsaw is still a nearby commercial center and industrial town, and a large number of new schools have been built, many of which have survived to this day. Uprisings and independence movements continued to erupt in the city, but they all failed.
At the same time, Warsaw’s position in Russia determines her responsibility for defending national defense: the development of the city has stalled due to the establishment of military fortresses, and everything makes way for the protection of important Russian outposts. The need for defense prompted Warsaw to enter its most crowded period in the second half of the 19th century. In order to maintain sanitation, the authorities established a water plant, and the earliest water heater appeared in Warsaw at this time.
Time entered the 20th century, and Warsaw ushered in the electrical age. People built the first power station, as well as electric railways and telephone networks. At the beginning of the First World War, Warsaw was full of traffic and wealth. The approximately 1 million people living there ushered in a beautiful era.
Take a breather
After World War I, Poland gained independence and Warsaw became the capital of a normal country again. However, the threat from the Soviet Union still exists. During the two world wars, although the political situation in Poland was unstable, under the leadership of President Stefan Stasinski, economic growth was noticeable, new airports and railway stations were built, and television stations were set up. A large number of residential areas were built outside the ancient military defense line. This interlaced landscape of new and old buildings laid the foundation for the eclectic style of Warsaw today.
But people at that time did not know that the second catastrophe was coming. Among the buildings we saw today, some escaped bombing during World War II, while others were destroyed during the war and rebuilt after the war.
World War II
In the history of World War II, Poland fell into the clutches of Nazi Germany, but the people of Warsaw did not give in. Even if more than 10% of the buildings were bombed, their will was not shaken. The Germans tried to completely turn Warsaw into a German city, attempting to replace Polish historical buildings with German-style buildings, but apart from exacerbating the damage to Warsaw, there was not much construction actually. The Soviet Union's regular air raids on Warsaw from 1941 only produced more ruined walls.
There are a large number of Jews in Poland. They suffered all the hardships in this war and were driven into slums by the German army, facing the danger of extinction at any time. In 1942, the German army forcibly imprisoned 250,000 Jews in death camps. The people who remained in the slums could not bear it and launched an uprising the following year.
In 1944, Warsaw broke out again. However, this uprising not only failed to realize the ideal of liberating Poland, but also caused more serious suffering, a sharp decline in population and buildings, until the Soviet Red Army moved into Warsaw. Considering Poland's fate as a Soviet satellite nation for decades, everything seems to be taken for granted.
Re-enter the bear's mouth
At the end of the war, Warsaw was a waste of time. More than 80% of the city was destroyed, with the city center and historical sites the most serious. Of the 1.4 million residents, about half died in successive years of war (which of course included a large number of Jews who lost their lives in Nazi chariots). The surviving residents either voluntarily or were asked to leave Warsaw, and only 10% of the original residents still depended on each other in the ruins.
It is not easy to rebuild this famous city in the past, but people began to act with firm confidence. Some architects and urban planners worked hard for this and built Warsaw into what it is today. On the one hand, they carefully restored the oldest historical buildings; on the other hand, the communist philosophical guiding ideology sent from far away Moscow was very different from the pre-war Warsaw pattern. The reality is that the dictators signed the Warsaw Pact. "While building Warsaw larger, the population density has become lower.
Architects and historians at the time believed that 19th-century style buildings were difficult to be elegant, which made the reconstructed buildings closer to the aesthetics of the 18th century. For practical reasons, some seemingly less important architectural decorations have not been repaired. Most of the reconstruction work was completed in the 1940s and early 1950s, but the Royal Castle was not restored until 1974. After that, apart from a few exceptions, almost no buildings have been repaired.
In addition to the post-war restoration, in the 1950s, under the influence of the Soviet Union, Warsaw established a number of socially realist monumental buildings, the most famous of which is the controversial Warsaw Science and Technology Palace. However, the focus of housing construction is to accommodate a large number of people who have returned from other places and newly added. Affected by this, there are many gray residential buildings with no obvious characteristics in Warsaw. With the rapid population growth, under the influence of the socialist planned economy, the authorities used a lot of prefabricated materials to build houses in order to save costs. At that time, Warsaw was surrounded by houses made of this material.
Today's star
In 1989, the People's Republic of Poland officially died out. Since then, the speed of Warsaw's development has been much faster than that of Poland as a whole. The city is undergoing rapid changes, and many people have immigrated here, which has brought a large number of laborers to Warsaw.
Warsaw is similar to the capitals of Western Europe in some respects, but it also retains the influence of the communist era. For example, a coffee shop that is still operating is a collective canteen that was changed from that time.
climate
| climate | ㋀ | ㋁ | ㋂ | ㋃ | ㋄ | ㋅ | ㋆ | ㋇ | ㋈ | ㋉ | ㋊ | ㋋ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highest during the day（℃） | −1 | 2 | 7 | 13 | 19 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 20 | 13 | 6 | −1 |
| Lowest at night（℃） | −6 | −5 | −2 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 10 | 4 | 1 | −3 |
| precipitation（㎜） | 21 | 25 | 24 | 33 | 44 | 62 | 73 | 63 | 42 | 37 | 38 | 33 |
Warsaw has a temperate continental climate, with great temperature differences between day and night in summer. Many hotels do not have air conditioning, which may affect the sleep of tourists. So if you visit Warsaw in the summer, remember to wear light clothes during the day and a jacket at night. As for the winter, it is very cold. If there is snow, traffic jams will be very serious. Buses and trams are sometimes delayed due to bad weather. Travelers who travel to Warsaw from late autumn to early spring are advised to bring waterproof shoes to adapt to the local humid climate.
travel
Warsaw Tourist OfficeCan provide you with attractions, transportation and activities services. There are three offices in this officeOffice location：
- The entrance of Warsaw Science and Technology Palace facing Emilii Plater Street;
- Old Town Market (Rynek Starego Miasta);
- Praskie Koneser Center (Centrum Praskie Koneser).
In addition, you can also sell the "Warsaw internal reference》Learn about the latest travel tips. If you can read English Weekly fluently, you may consider buying a copy of "Voice of Warsaw》。
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Warsaw City and the Vistula River
Warsaw is located on the river like many cities. The Vistula River (Polish: Wisła) runs through Warsaw from north to south and divides it into two parts. The west is called the left bank and the east is called the right bank. The Right Bank was originally an independent city in history, but was only incorporated into it after the 19th century. Therefore, many people will call the right bank by the original ancient city name Praga, even though Praga is now only a district of Warsaw.
The Vistula River is the mother river of Warsaw. Similar to its kind, this mother has been flooded many times in history and has become a threat to the city to some extent today. So people did not follow suitLondonwithParisWait for the city center to be built directly by the river, but likeViennaTry to be as close to the river as possible.ChongqingwithYangtzeSo close, more likeShenyangAnd the distance between Hunhe and Hunhe). Due to the effect of currents, the left bank of Warsaw is higher than the right bank. There are shrubs and naturally formed sandy beaches between the two, which actually form a barrier to protect the right bank during the flood season.
There are 9 bridges across the Vistula River in Warsaw, in the order from south to north: Siekierkowski, Łazienkowski, Poniatowskiego, Średnicowy, Świętokrzyski, Śląsko-Dąbrowski, Gdański, Grota-Roweckiego and Skłodowskiej-Curie-Curie. Among them, Średnicowy is a special railway bridge.
city center
The left bank of Warsaw, or the west, is the center of the city. Although the right bank was the first to be settled in the 9th and 10th centuries, the left bank is now more dominant. The central area of Warsaw, Śródmieście, is located on the left bank. The entire Warsaw Old Town is completely within the limits of the city center.
The central point of Warsaw is at the intersection of Al. Jerozolimskie and ul. Marszałkowska, close to the entrance of Metro Centrum and the railway station. In addition, the Palace of Science and Technology is also an important landmark in Warsaw, as long as you are in Warsaw, you can definitely see it. If you get lost in the center of Warsaw, try to head to the Palace of Science and Technology.
House number
Traditionally, the street numbers along the Vistula River increase in the direction of the river, that is, the street numbers in the upper reaches of the south are the smallest. For the streets perpendicular to the Vistula River, the farther the building is from the river, the larger the house number. Like many cities, odd and even house numbers are listed on both sides of the street.
However, there are still some exceptions, such as Puławska Street in the south of Warsaw, whose house numbers start from the north. The buildings in some large residential areas are distributed on different streets, and their house numbers are self-contained.
There will be an arrow on the house number to indicate the direction in which the number increases.
City information (information) system MSI and road signs
MSI (full name Miejski System Informacji) can provide further assistance for your travel. This system divides Warsaw into multiple regions (for convenience only, not representing administrative divisions), which are indicated in red on road signs and house numbers. The area divided by the system can be found inThis site (Polish)turn up.
Generally, streets are represented on road signs with a blue background, but road signs in Warsaw’s Old Town and Royal Mile use a more nostalgic brown background and another font to represent streets. The road sign at the intersection has the house number that can be found in the neighborhood. Sometimes you will even find some small road signs indicating the relationship between the street and the location of the Vistula River.
Some historical buildings are nailed with translucent signs, usually with brief introductions in English and Polish. Some streets named after famous people sometimes do this, such as introducing the origin of the street name.
A house number that can be found nearby is written in the upper right corner of the road sign
Signposts with red background and blue background at the same time
A sign with a sketch of Warsaw on the Royal Mile
Introduction sign on a historic building
Road signs commonly seen in the Old Town of Warsaw
The direction indicated by this sign is vertical and away from the Vistula River
arrival
Aviation 
Warsaw (all airport codes:WRW) There are two airports:Warsaw Chopin AirportwithWarsaw Modlin Airport（IATA：WAW) (Also known as'Okęcie') (IATA：WMI). ThatWarsaw Modlin AirportFor Ryanair use only. Chopin Airport is located within the city limits, about 8 minutes. Located south of the city center, Modlin Airport is located in a new estate in the Masovian region of Poland, nearly 40 kilometers from the city center. North of Warsaw city center.
lie inLodz, Poland'S airportRozwadiswavremont Airport（IATA：LCJ) Less than 90 minutes' drive from Warsaw.
- 1 Chopin Airport（IATA：WAW）。IntroductionBy far the largest airport in Poland by passenger volumes and number of flights operated or connections. It is in the area of Okęcie in Włochy, some 8 km south of the city centre. For many years the airport was called just Okęcie, but this reportedly caused confusion and it was renamed. When asking for directions or talking to a taxi driver, always ask for the airport (lotnisko in Polish) to avoid confusion.
