Mohenzo-DaroThe ancient settlement is located inPakistanSindhofLacanaarea. AsUNESCO World Heritage ListsuperiorArchaeological site of great historical significance, This small town has been buried under the mud for thousands of years and was not discovered until the beginning of the 20th century. it isSouth Asiathe most importantArchaeological siteone. If you are interested in archeology or the history of the Indian subcontinent, don't miss it.
This historical site is believed to have been built around 2,600 BC (about 5000 years ago), with a population peak of 35,000 to 50,000 people; this historical site was one of the main centers of the Indus Valley civilization until 1900 BC ,Indian subcontinentThe first great civilization prospered on the banks of the mighty Indus River from the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea and covered most of Pakistan today. Mohenzo-Daro was a gathering place for wealthy traders, fishermen and farmers. It was one of the largest, most advanced and excellent cities at the time, with very complex civil engineering and urban planning. With its impressive remains, one can only imagine the splendor and wisdom of Mohenzo Daro and its ancient inhabitants 5000 years ago. Located west of the mighty Indus River, the reason for the sudden disappearance of this great city around 1900 BC is not yet clear; one theory is that it was due to the effects of climate change that caused the changes in the Indus River.
This extraordinary and wonderful site was first discovered in 1911, the excavation began in 1922, and the main excavation work was carried out in the 1930s. After 1965, further excavation work was stopped due to fears of damage to the site. It is estimated that so far, only about one-third have been discovered, and some believe that only 10% to 20% have been discovered. The site has recently been threatened by erosion, and despite the protection efforts funded by the Pakistani government and UNESCO, it is still considered endangered. Some archaeologists say that unless there is a major new protection measure, it will disappear on the ground in 2030.
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It is one of the earliest cities in the world, one of the most advanced cities at the time, and one of the major cities of the vast Indus Valley civilization. It is also known as the Xalapa civilization and is another major archaeological site of Xalapa. This civilization includes several cultures from about 3300 to about 1300 BC. At present, this civilization has discovered more than 1,000 sites where cultural relics have been unearthed. The heyday of the Harappan civilization was from about 2600 to about 1900 BC, when Mohenzo-Daro was a prosperous city.
The Indus Valley civilization easily became the most famous civilization in South Asia at that time. Although there are some relics of a considerable age in other parts of the subcontinent, it is almost certainly the largest and most advanced civilization. In terms of the civilization coverage area, the Indus Valley civilization almost covers present-day Pakistan and parts of northern India and eastern Afghanistan, and its settlements are as far as northern Bactria. Trade ties extended to at least Central Asia, Persia, and the great Mesopotamian civilizations in Iraq and Syria at the time. Like contemporary civilization, the Indus Valley civilization is mainly based on agriculture, so irrigation and flood control are important engineering tasks. These cities can store food, trade, and make handicrafts, have government and education, and serve as major religious centers.
Other civilizations were at a similar level of development at about the same time. Those at the same age as Mohenzo-Daro include Thebes in Ancient Egypt, Nineveh and Ur in Mesopotamia, and Crete. Island of Knossos. Although the architectural skills of ancient Egypt are unparalleled, because the huge pyramids built are breathtaking, the urban infrastructure of the Indus Valley civilization is better. For example, they have the world's first urban sewage treatment system because their efficient municipal government places great emphasis on sanitation. Their expertise in technology and process, as well as expertise in metallurgy and water conservancy engineering are also very advanced. At that time, China also had such a developed city, but China’s Liangzhu Culture and Longshan Culture were still in the Neolithic Age (Late Stone Age).
Ancient Mohenzo-Daro also seems to be a classless society, focusing on the happy lives of its citizens, and judging by the sites found in other ancient cities during the same period, a large amount of money, resources and people were allocated. Used to build royal palaces and huge tombs, just to serve their rulers. There is evidence that Mohenzo Daro may be ruled by religious leaders or people who had good business activities with other civilized citizens of the time.
Take an epic journey through Mohenzo Daro In 2016, Bollywood in India produced an epic adventure romantic movie starring the famous Indian actor Hrithik Roshan. This movie shows us the ancient civilization of the Indus Valley, especially its greatest city, Mohenzo-Daro. The fictional story unfolds in 2016 BC, the peak of civilization in the Indus Valley, and gives an interesting overview of the lives of its residents. The outline of the story goes like this. A farmer went to Mohenzo Daro to trade and fell in love with a woman of Mohenzo Daro. The odds of the people struggle. However, this film has been criticized by the public and the Pakistani government because it distorts historical facts, but it is certain that this film does present a fictitious situation, namely the rise and fall of the city. |
It is believed that from about 1900 BC to about 1300 BC, many cities, including Mohenjo-Daro, have been shrinking. The reason for the demise of the Indus Valley civilization is not yet fully understood. Many people believe that this is caused by climate change, especially the flooding of the nearby Indus River and the urban drought caused by the interruption of the monsoon. Another theory is that the Aryan invaders conquered it around 1500 BC, but no evidence of war, invasion, or legacy weapons in the area was found. This also gives the impression that Mohenzo-Daro’s The inhabitants are peaceful in nature. If compared with other civilized practices that engage in war, destruction, massacre, and plunder, it is indeed very remarkable. Another view is that the nomadic Aryans are absorbed by the more advanced Indus Valley culture because the Aryans speak Sanskrit, which is the language written in India’s oldest Hindu sacred Vedas, and it is also India The ancestor of all major languages in the North and Pakistan. It is said that the people of the Indus Valley speak a non-Indo-European Dravidian language, which is related to the modern languages of South India and Sri Lanka. However, since the text of the Indus Valley has not yet been deciphered, this is somewhat uncertain.
The extent and nature of the influence of the Indus Valley civilization on the modern Indian subcontinent is not yet fully understood. Some archaeologists believe that there are similarities between the various relics of the Indus Valley civilization and the members of the Hindu Pantheon, while other archaeologists believe that they have more relations with Western religions, especially Mesopotamia. The "mother goddess" religion of Mia and Crete. Some "Hindu" nationalists talked about "Saraswati culture" and believed that it had a very strong influence on this.
Although none is certain, there may still be some connections with modern culture. The earliest cities along the Ganges-including Varanasi, the "spiritual capital of India"-appeared around 1200 BC. According to research, the residents may be immigrants from the Indus Valley civilization that migrated eastward with the demise of the culture. The large bathtubs of Mohenjo-Daro and many family bathrooms may be used for purification rituals similar to modern Hinduism. The use of cremation by the dead became common in the late Harapan culture, and today it is a customary custom among Hindus. Judging from the pottery, seals, and other cultural relics found in the excavated ruins, the production of objects has been transformed into a technical one, and in this ancient civilization, some objects such as pottery and bullock carts have been well developed and evolved into similar Items that are still manufactured and used today.
arrival
The trip to Mohenjo-Daro can be a tiresome process because it is located in the central village of Sindh, but it is still worth a visit.
Aviation 
There is a small airport named Mohenzo-Daro near the archaeological site (MJD). Pakistan International Airlines has flights from Karachi to Mohenzo-Daro. The direct flight runs three times a week, and it takes about one. Hour. Because the infrastructure of Mohenzo-Daro Airport is outdated, it cannot be used by large advanced aircraft and can only use smaller propeller aircraft, such as the ATR 42. The one-way fare to and from Karachi is approximately 6,000 rupees. A shuttle bus will be provided when the plane is in operation, connecting the airport with the entrance of the archaeological site, and it can be easily reached on foot.
Railroad 
recentThe railway station is about 11 kilometers from the ruins in the nearby town of Dokri, but it is named after Mohenzo-Daro. There is a columnKhushal Khan Khattak ExpressIt runs between Karachi and Peshawar every day, and stops at Dokri at around 6 in the morning. It has air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned vehicles. The train leaves Karachi at around 9pm, and the journey takes about 9 hours. The non-air-conditioned vehicle costs 400 rupees per ticket and air-conditioned is 1,000 rupees. From the Mohenzo-Daro railway station, you can hire a rickshaw to reach the Mohenzo-Daro ruins at a cost of 200 rupees. If you take a shared rickshaw with others, you can come and go for 20 rupees at a time. You can also rent a rickshaw to use in the archaeological site at a cost of 150 rupees. Sometimes if the train does not announce the stop at Dokri, don't worry, you can choose to get off at the nearest town of Larkana.
Bus 
To take a public bus to Mohenzo-Daro, you need to transfer once, because there is no direct bus to Mohenzo-Daro. The nearest major city is La Cana, which is located about 30 kilometers to the north. It can be easily reached by bus (some air-conditioned) from any other major city in Sindh. In La Cana, you can hire a taxi or rickshaw to go to Mohenzo Daro, take a shared rickshaw with others or take a downwind truck. Hiring a taxi or rickshaw is definitely the first choice, because it is more comfortable and faster than taking a shared rickshaw with others or taking a downwind truck, which can be reached in less than an hour. If you manage to bargain with a taxi driver, the taxi fare to the archaeological site should be less than 1,000 rupees, while a rickshaw can be rented for 500 rupees. The cost of riding a shared rickshaw with others can be 100 rupees, sometimes even lower.
car 
If you drive, you can easily get to Mohenjo-Daro along the 1,264-kilometer National Highway #N-55 (Indus Highway) that connects Karachi and Peshawar. This road connects Mehr, Naslabd and Lacana.
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