Plan route - 規劃航線

>This entry is correctflightPart of the basic introduction. Click the arrow to go to the next article. At the airport →

Planning a route can be very troublesome, this guide can be helpful

Flying is a very modern mode of transportation, and it has been the dream of mankind since ancient times. Nowadays, civil flight has become very developed. Different airlines, take-off and landing times, aircraft models and transfer options have brought numerous combinations of flights and routes. reasonablyPlan the routeIt can help you save money, reduce fatigue, and make flying the perfect beginning and end of your journey.

Safety first

If your trip is not a business trip, consider how happy your trip is throughout the journey. This includes at least the reputation of the airline, stopovers at the airport, the safety of the destination and your basic health.

• Check official government sourcesTravel warning. If a government or news source indicates that there may be a problem, please consult your agent, airline or airport (e.g. website) for your travel information. Regardless of whether you are a Chinese citizen or not, you may beSafety reminderAnd other relevant government warnings are interested. These warnings may affect flights from China or other airports to areas with warnings, as well as routes to your country from these places.
• If your flight is to a smaller airport or underdeveloped country, please check the airline’sSafety record, The aircraft used and the airport evaluation. Also look for the flight you are taking under the established arrangements. You may book a ticket with a reputable airline, but in fact you may take different flights on different parts of the trip. It is possible that the safety record of your airline's aircraft is poor or unknown, or the allowed luggage capacity is less than the actual luggage you are travelling on.
• Learn about scenic spots or destinations on the wayCrime, strikes, political unrest and other risks. They may affect your flight or (more likely) your experience at the destination. Don't worry about pickpockets, but know the destination or specific location, because there may be situations where traveling there may be complicated, or foreigners are not welcome and are in danger, or are often blackmailed. After understanding these contents, make corresponding plans.

If you haveHealth problem, Please consult your doctor before traveling-even before booking a ticket-and make sure that the airline knows that your problem may affect the normal flight. Airlines can generally help you when you have physical limitations or some medical conditions.

Insecticide. About fifty countries in the world require airlines to spray pesticides (usually residual types) on their aircraft, including China, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. If your airline (such as Hawaiian Airlines) does not use residual pesticides, its aircraft may be sprayed inside the aircraft before arriving in the corresponding country. If you are sensitive to these chemicals, please ask about the ingredients of the pesticides in advance so that your doctor can tell you whether these ingredients will affect you.

healthy

The following questions and remedies are for travelers who have additional concerns about certain situations. Most people just need a bottle of water, and maybe some people also need a neck pillow and an eye mask for sleep. For flights with a long flight time, it may be better to take some additional measures. As described below.

common problem:

• At high altitudes, the cabin pressure is much lower than the ground atmospheric pressure, usually equivalent to the pressure at 8,000 feet or 2,500 meters above sea level. People who have clogged ears or sinuses due to allergies or colds may experience great discomfort.If there is congestionIf your doctor is not worried that you will have complications, you can consider using a decongestant (optional antihistamine) about an hour before departure. This is an additional measure for long flights. (If you want to sleep, be aware that such drugs can make some people fidget.)
  • With the landing of any flight, most people will have some pressure problems in their eardrums. This is why the baby always keeps quiet during the rest of the flight and often crying loudly. Pinch your nose, close your lips, and try to exhale to reduce stress. Another remedy is a type called flying earplugs(EarPlanes)This is a disposable earplug sold in pharmacies for 5-10 dollars. This earplug is specially designed to adjust the pressure in your ears. For those who suffer from ear pain during flight, it makes flying easier for those who suffer from earache during flight.
  • If you have been diving recently, the reduced pressure during the flight is very dangerous. For more information, see Scuba diving.
  • Avoid taking a flight with a destination much higher than the departure point; for details, see Altitude sickness.
• During a few hours of flying, your nasal cavity will become dry... which makes you more susceptible to airborne diseases.Drink plenty of liquids(Without alcohol or caffeine), maybe use moisturizing nasal sprays (such as saline instead of topical antihistamines), and consider using a simple face mask on long-distance flights to keep your lungs and Moisture in the sinuses (otherwise, the mask can only provide marginal protection against airborne diseases.).
• Cabin temperatureIt may be different, for window seats, the walls may be very cool. Please consider bringing a coat, jacket or newspaper on the plane. Put on warm socks. If you are in a window seat, put something between you and the wall. Several layers of newspapers can do a great job.
• Contact lens. You should use Remoisturizing Eye Drops frequently during a few hours of flying, or consider wearing prescription glasses, especially if you want to sleep. Too low cabin humidity can cause complications due to dry contact lenses. (For any long-distance travel, you should bring spare contact lenses and/or prescription glasses.)
• Cleaning wipesIt is very useful on airplanes or airports. It can be used to clean hands, tables, coffee tables, handrails and bathroom surfaces, especially those bathroom surfaces that are frequently used and whose cleaning status is unknown or (maybe) ignored. Please choose pre-moistened packages for safety inspections instead of bottled liquids; avoid wet wipes that are only used on hands (usually with glycerin residue); and please choose those that contain other disinfectants in addition to alcohol Ingredients of wet wipes for better results.

Less common challenges

• If you needOxygen on the way, Please check with the airline whether it can meet your needs; if so, please ask your doctor, agent and/or airline to make arrangements in advance.
• If anyone in your team has other forms (e.g. mobility, vision)obstacle, You should let the airline know the situation in advance, preferably when you book the flight. Note that they can arrange suitable seats, arrange assistance in the terminal, and notify the flight attendants as needed. Beware: not all airlines provide the same convenience.
• If you are sick(Especially infectious diseases), you should not fly by plane. In places closer to the plane, eventually 200 or more people will go to various places, and you may start to feel or spread pain, or even an epidemic. You shouldPostpone the tripUntil recovery. If airlines or airport personnel notice symptoms, you may be barred from boarding. Good travel insurance can help you pay for delayed travel.
• If you have done it in the past 15 days or soOperationorPlaster casting, It is best not to fly. Low cabin pressure can cause extremely uncomfortable swelling. Please consult your doctor.
• If you are pregnant, Please consult your doctor to understand your special situation.This pageProvides an appropriate introduction to the issue.
• Passengers flying long distances may be prone to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Is actually a blood clot formed in a vein, especially the leg. In fact, itAffect anyone who sits for long periods of time, Such as train passengers, car passengers. Older people are often at greater risk than young people. You can take preventive measures to avoid this situation. SeeEnglish Wikivoyageofhealthypage.

Restrictions and recommendations for some of these situations may vary depending on the airline, flight distance or time, total time to destination, and availability of quality care at each site.

Without a doctor’s consultation, even good travel insurance may not be able to cover you, especially if you have not notified the insurance company and airline. The insurer may charge additional fees for special insurance, or may not cover premature birth, pre- or post-natal complications, or medical evacuations. Insurers and certain airlines may also require written guarantees from doctors. (SeeTravel insurance。）

Travel insurance

Main article:Travel insurance

In addition to regular travel, you should seriously consider travel insurance. The cost can be determined based on your total travel expenses and duration, the age of the traveler, the coverage required for certain issues (for example, the cost of treating illness or injury or medical evacuation), and the coverage of domestic and international travel . If you purchase insurance within a few days of booking your travel, many sources of insurance will cover existing medical conditions; if you buy it later, you may not.

The airline insurance purchased when buying a ticket may only focus on the airline’s responsibilities, while the quality insurance policy will cover your end-to-end travel. You can purchase insurance policies through the associations you belong to to get more favorable prices, such as AAA, AA and AARP. Very frequent travelers should consider a long-term (annual) policy; coverage can be comparable, and the cost per trip is much lower.

According to the "main clauses" mentioned above, buying flight insurance has become a very bad investment. The insurance coverage is limited to one destination that has been invoiced, and your or your income may be very low.

Looking for a flight

Choose an airline

Some airline quality ratings (e.g.[1]) Can help you understand the comparison of service level, timeliness and comfort of different airlines on the selected route. Such ratings are only an indicator, but some ratings have been criticized by air travel insiders, such as Cranky Flyer, or users’ comments or ratings do not match the overall star rating. If the choice of airline is important to you, and you have no recent experience working with an airline under consideration, check out a range of air travel expertise.

You should also note that if your ticketing airline uses code sharing, you may actually be flying on a completely different plane from another airline on one or more flight segments.

Multiple airports

Many major cities have more than one airport. Try to check flights at all airports to find which fares are cheaper. For example, if you want to leaveBay area, Please consider checking Oakland International Airport (OAK) and San Francisco International Airport (SFO). In likeLondonSuch a city likeHeathrow AirportSuch a large airport caters to full-service airlines, with lounges and air bridges, while the newerLuton and Stansted AirportServing short-distance budget operators, with fewer shops and paid lounges, and far from the center of the city. Usually, more low-cost airlines operate outside these smaller airports. Some ticketing systems allow you to search using codes covering multiple airports: for details, seeMetropolitan Airport Code。

If you are not sure when you can go to the airport, please book the last flight of the day. In this way, if you arrive at the airport early, as long as the conditions on your ticket permit (the budget ticket may not), you can try to "standby" on an early flight at any time.

Domestic and international flights

Since domestic flights are often much cheaper than international flights of the same distance, if you are in a city near the international border and want to reach a destination in a neighboring country, you can usually save considerable flight land by crossing the border and flying from that country. For example, if you areSan DiegoNeed to goMexico City, You can cross the border overland toTijuanaAnd take a plane from Tijuana. Similarly, if you areHongkongNeed toBeijing, You can cross the border toShenzhenAnd fly from there.OttawawithMontrealPeople can useSyracuse N.Y.Flights to U.S. cities,TorontoResidents can fly outBuffaloInstead ofLester B. Pearson。

Travel budget cost

Although it is a good idea to save on airfare prices, you may face trade-offs when choosing the cheapest airfare on low-cost airlines or mainline airlines. include:

• More restrictions when changing travel plans
• Lower the baggage allowance (if any) or the main cost of the baggage... carry it with you and check
• Fewer facilities on board (at least free)
• No or limited food/beverage, or must be purchased (the two usually vary depending on the length of the flight)
• Lack of inspection facilities, or no luggage inspection to the final destination. You may need to collect your checked baggage during one or more stopovers, recheck the next flight, and then go through the personal security check again to reach the boarding gate. This can take a considerable amount of time, so each stopover takes a lot of time.
• No mileage accrual

Even if you purchase full-price economy class, even major airlines may charge for other facilities and services. Booking these services or facilities online can reduce costs. Unless an online promotion or point of sale is locatedEuropean UnionorAmerica, Otherwise the advertised price may not include taxes and other surcharges. Therefore, these prices may not reflect your full expenses, for example, baggage fees will not be displayed.

Find the balance between airfare costs and amenitieswillUp to you...You rarely get something you don't have to pay. For more advice on budget travel, seeLow-cost airlines。

Looking for cheap air tickets

The basic motivation of airlines is to use all the aircraft and get the most benefit from each flight; then consider supply and demand, revenue management, and competitive takeover. The result can be very different ticket prices, depending on the time and date, as well as how early you purchased the ticket in advance, the ticket conditions-even the specific time and date of the week in which you booked and paid for the ticket.

If you are flexible in your travel time and route arrangements, you may pay less for the ticket, and it is easier to accept the restrictions on changes and refunds. Please bear in mind:

• Last minute flights are expensive. Book as early as possible to get the best price, because cheap fare classes will be quickly. also,Unless you pay for the ticket, you are not entitled to a special offer。
• Monday morningwithFriday nightIt is a popular time for business people to fly by plane, which will increase the demand for air tickets and may limit available seats.
• Holiday seasonIt's a period of high demand, because other people are also moving around. The period of high demand worldwide starts from late December to early January (Christmas/New Year and Southern summer vacation) and July to August (Northern summer vacation), but also pay attention to local holidays, such asChinawithJapanGolden Week. However, flights for actual holidays (such as Christmas) are usually discounted, as are flights for peak travel traffic.
• From A to BThere is a direct flight with a stopover/no direct flight with a stopover(See comparison box) It can be expensive because some people pay more for convenience, and there is little competition for this kind of flight. Transferring at C is a time-consuming hassle, but since there are multiple options and airlines are competing with each other to lower prices, this solution can save you money.
• So-calledlow cost flightMay provide attractive air tickets. However, please note that the additional fees charged may greatly reduce the airline's more cost advantages over other airlines.

Notice:Certain online travel sites mentioned in the following entries should never be regarded as an endorsement of their services. There are many other similar websites that can be mentioned.

The Internet provides an opportunity to find better airline tickets. Many airlines guarantee the cheapest air tickets on their websites, and independent agents may charge service fees. Don't buy air tickets without checking the airline's website prices and at least through some travel search websites.

• Sites such as Expedia and Travelocity can help you explore options, but please note that these sites may not be displayedLow-cost airlinesFlights, and they are centered in North America, usually the price for travel outside of North America is ridiculously high (full price).
• Kayak can be an alternative. To find a cheap or economical flight, it is best to check one of the comparison tools, such as flylowcostairlines.org [2].
• For international travel, you can get the best price by booking with an agent at the beginning. But please try to use travel search sites such as Momondo and Vayama to find out the cost, flight frequency and route. If you are a student, or under the age of 26 or over 65, some travel websites and agencies will tailor low-cost air tickets for you.

Frequent flyer

Many airlines offer "frequent flyer" loyalty programs to reward customers who regularly fly with them or fly long distances. Loyalty program is based onpartormileWork on the basis: after you have flown a certain number of itineraries (part), or after your total flight distance exceeds a certain distance, you will receive bonus miles. Business class and first class passengers can earn award miles for each journey; sometimes, economy class tickets can also use credit cards and hotel bonuses. If you are not a member of the frequent flyer program, consider joining one — especially if you need to travel to intercontinental destinations or plan to make additional trips. You may get some benefits from this, but at the cost of using the data for profiling and advertising. To join the flight passenger program, you can get a brochure distributed at the airport, airline lounge or airline ticket office. Give them to the ground personnel and your frequent flyer number will take effect immediately. You can also join online. Most frequent flyer programs do not charge any joining fees, but programs such as Cathay Pacific’s Marco Polo Club do charge (in exchange for some benefits, such as dedicated check-in counters and priority boarding at the road base).

Frequent flyer awards usually include:

• Free flightwithupgrade. Once you have earned enough miles or points, you can apply for flights and/or upgrade awards. The cost of award miles will vary depending on your itinerary. Please note that even though the fare is free, you will still have to bear the government taxes and surcharges charged by the ticket office.
• Redeem free gifts from other non-flying partners (such as consumer goods and hotel stays).
• If you collect enough points within a year, you can becomeElite member, Which may include additional privileges such as check-in at the first class or business class counter, early boarding, priority check-in on the waiting list, free upgrades, and permission to enterAirport lounge. The lounge can also be provided to certain credit card holders: Diners Club[3], GlobeCard Platinum Card, MasterCard and American Express.

Not all fares are eligible to earn miles, so please ask the ticket agent or read the fare rules when booking. Under normal circumstances, as long as you are a member at the time of the flight, you can claim the mileage for up to 12 months after the flight, but you need to keep the boarding pass stub. Before booking, it will be easier to log in with your frequent flyer number.

Currently, only Travelgrove[4]The meta search engine will show the mileage that can be earned for each flight. Cooperation with MileBlaster can also provide additional features such as credit card allowances, hotel allowances, special offers, and the result can be determined by the percentage of free flights obtained by booking a given flight. Therefore, this is for frequent flyers who want to collect enough miles to make free flights. It is definitely a good choice.

The airline you choose may beAirline allianceA member of, which allows you to also earn and use miles with other airlines in the same alliance. The three major alliances include Star Alliance[5]Oneworld[6]And SkyTeam[7]. Since there are many frequent flyer programs, it is easier to be a member of at most one of the programs in each alliance.

Through the frequent flyer program of a particular airline, it is easier to make reservations with that airline. When you use the frequent flyer number to log in and book a flight, your details (such as name, passport details, etc.) will be automatically filled in regardless of whether the flight can accumulate miles.

You can also download fromother sourcesEarn points. The credit card that comes with the plan is particularly useful because you usually earn miles every time you use the card, and you can quickly accumulate a free trip within a year. In addition, hotel stays, car rentals and even mobile phone bills may also increase your points.

connect

See:Avoid transit from the U.S.

The flight from point A to point B usually involves point Cconnect, Where you must disembark, find your connecting flight, and board again. If both A-C and C-B flightsOn the same ticket, And you missed the flight, the airline is responsible for the interruption and will (try to) schedule you to the next flight. This may also be the case if you are flying on the same airline or airline group (oneworld, etc.), and the required contact time is allowed between the two flights. However,If you book a separate flight(Especially on different airlines), You are only responsible for contacting. If you are on a flight that does not allow last-minute changes to airlines or fare types, you may suffer a loss when an airline’s delay prevents you from catching the next flight. Spending a little more for the flexibility of the final contact will not only avoid this risk, but if you can establish contact quickly, it will also allow you to catch an earlier flight.

The airline may consider a connection of up to 35 minutes to be valid, and it may be reasonable if you do not have to go through customs or exits, re-enter a safe area between flights, and the arrival and departure gates are close to each other. However, you will get an unpleasant experience at an unfamiliar airport. For example, your boarding gate may be located on opposite ends of the building, or even on a separate platform. If you are not familiar with the airport and travel time is not tight, please consider setting asideAt least one and a half hoursMake every connection, especially when it comes to customs clearance (in some cases two and a half hours is safer). If you are not delayed, you can use this free time to eat at the airport, where the food may (or may not!) be better than on the plane.

Many online travel planners display statistical information based on the on-time arrival time of a given flight. Use this information to help you determine whether there is a risk due to issues such as close contact. Normally, the last flight of the day to the designated destination will be delayed more frequently than previous flights because the airline uses the flightClean upPassengers who have been delayed by inbound transit flights. Of course, statistics alone cannot tell youYourWhether a particular flight may be delayed, but it is still useful data.

For international connecting flights, please check whether the country or region you want to connect to requires a transit visa to pass through its airport. Certain countries, such as the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, require all passengers to pass through customs and relocation even when transferring between international flights. If you can avoid passing through these destinations (especially the United States has the same requirements for transit visas and tourist visas), it may be easier. Some other countries or regions, such as Hong Kong and Australia, may require a specific nationality to obtain a visa even if they plan to stay in the departure quarantine area. You need to obtain all necessary visas before flying; please ask them as soon as possible.

book a flight ticket

U.S. visas that are difficult to apply for

From the moment you book your flight to the moment you board the plane, a lot of things have happened. The following may help you understand what happened, especially if you plan to book your flight in the traditional way (that is, go to the airline ticket office or your travel agency to book in person).

The first step isBookingYour flight. This is done by contacting the operator or your travel agency by phone. No payment is required at this time. When you make a reservation, the airline will do it for youReserveA seat until a given date, usually about a week after booking. If you do not pay by the given date, your reservation will be cancelled and someone else can grab the seat. You are free to change and cancel your reservation. This is useful if you are waiting for the results of certain procedures (such as approval of a visa to your destination). You will get a six-character alphanumeric code called the passenger name reference or PNR, which you can use when preparing to purchase a ticket.

• If a particular flight is fully booked, but you want to try that flight, you can doWaiting listBooking. If the waiting listEmpty(Other people canceled the seat and you got the seat), the reservation on the waiting list will be confirmed, and the seat on other flights you previously confirmed will also be cancelled. Normally, you can have multiple flights on the waiting list, but a truly cheap non-changeable ticket may not allow the waiting list at all.

Converting a reservation into an actual ticket is calledIssueTickets or ticket sales. You must pay with cash, credit or debit card or use frequent flyer points or miles to redeem an issued ticket—depending on the type of ticket—some or all of the following restrictions may exist:

• Unchangeable (nonchangeable; nonrebookable): You cannot change the flight time and date (at least without paying a huge change fee). If it is a rebookable flight, regardless of whether a change fee is charged or not, you still need to pay the fare difference.
• Nonendorsable: If your airline has problems, you cannot take other airlines' flights (for serious situations such as flight cancellations, this will usually be rejected by local legislation)
• Nonrefundable: If you do not take the plane, you cannot get your money back (in North America, the unused ticket fare may be used as a credit for buying another ticket, and if cancelled in advance, a fine or management fee will be deducted; In most other places, all fares are likely to be confiscated)
• Not to change the route (nonreroutable): Even if the destination is the same, it cannot be changed to another route
• Nontransferable: You cannot sell tickets to others
• Non mileage accruable: You cannot earn frequent flyer miles with this ticket
• Nonupgradable: You cannot use frequent flyer miles to upgrade to a higher class

These various restrictions (or lack of restrictions) play an important role in determining the price of the ticket. As mentioned in the section on finding cheap air tickets, the rule of thumb is that higher prices mean fewer restrictions.

Please note that if you plan to book a flight online (through the operator's website or an integrated website like Travelocity and Expedia), the booking and ticketing will be done at the same time. So you need to pay immediately (usually using a credit or debit card) or redeem (if you use miles). But there are some benefits of online booking:

• These websites are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week (except for occasional maintenance), so you don’t have to wait until the next working day to book tickets for flights or even check available flights or offers at the ticket office or travel agency
• Some operators charge a service fee for booking tickets over the phone or in person; you can save your money online
• Many discounted fares are now only available online, so please check online

If you are still on the waiting list for the flight you want to board, or if you want a flight that is earlier or later than the scheduled flight, you can tryOn standby. This means just showing up at the airport check-in counter and asking for postponement to the next flight. If there are enough vacancies, you will check in here. However, if the flight looks full, you will have to wait until the flightclosure(Usually 30 to 60 minutes before departure), then the airline can calculate the number of seats remaining.If you are on standby, don’t expect to save on any special ticket costs. On the contrary, if your ticket is severely restricted, don’t expect to fly on standby.

If you do not check in by the deadline, you will be consideredDid not appear. Now your seats can be allocated to people on standby. The result depends on your ticket restrictions and conditions, which may cause a complete loss of the fare, and for some flexible tickets, you can book the next flight.

Here are other important notes about booking and ticketing:

• Although the reservation can guarantee that you have a seat, it cannot guarantee the corresponding fare. Therefore, the fare at the time of booking may be different from the fare given at the time of ticket sales. The corresponding fare can only be guaranteed when you are ready to book now.
• Flight restrictions can be strict-some companies even prohibit pending changes-so you have to pay (sometimes a lot of money) to make any changes; some do not allow refunds. Please check your conditions carefully.

Paper and e-tickets

Today, most airlines only useElectronic Ticket. An e-ticket is an electronic record of booking information, which is stored in the airline’s computer; you will not receive a paper ticket that contains a booklet of ticket coupons. In most cases, the e-ticket will contain your flight details and itinerary, which will be emailed or printed out for reference when it is ready. The itinerary receipt contains a unique six-character "Passenger Name Record" (PNR) to identify your booking.

The e-ticket itinerary receipt has many functions of the basic itinerary. At the same time, it adds functions such as ticket number, baggage allowance, fare and surcharge calculation, payment method, etc. It also includes conditions for your rights to prevent the flight you booked from happening. problem.

In theory, an e-ticket allows you to display only a valid ID when you check in, because your name is all the information the agent needs to access your flight details. However, for security reasons, some airports will require you to present a printed copy of the itinerary before entering the airport and/or during check-in as your booking voucher. In addition, when traveling to another country, the immigration authorities will usually ask you to provide proof of continued travel or return travel. Therefore, please be sure to bring a printed copy of the itinerary with you for easy viewing.

In view of concerns about credit card fraud, when you use your credit card to purchase e-tickets online, some operators will ask you toShow credit cardUsed for verification to purchase a ticket at the airport or its ticket office. Please pay special attention to this, especially if the credit card holder is not part of the tour group-they need to check the credit card, not the authorized signature of the credit card holder. Failure to do so may result in the re-issuance of the ticket at the same (or higher) fare and the refund of the original ticket several weeks or even months later (if refundable; refund fees may be charged).

In case a paper ticket is issued to you, when you check inmustShow the ticket. Take good care of your ticket; you will not be able to board without it. If you lose your ticket, you may encounter a lot of paperwork and/or trouble: you may need to buy another ticket and then have to apply for a refund or pay for a re-ticket. Not to mention that some jurisdictions may require you to submit a police report. Therefore, if you are worried about losing or forgetting to bring your paper ticket, please request an e-ticket whenever possible. If you lose or forget to bring the printed copy of the itinerary, you can always freely and easily print another copy from the email, or ask the carrier or travel agency to send it to you again.

Electronic TicketThe main advantage of is that because your flight information is in the airline’s computer, the e-ticket will not be lost, forgotten or stolen. Your travel plan can also be changed without the need to print and deliver a new ticket. If your airline provides online or self-service check-in counters, you can use them to print your boarding pass, thereby saving time at the airport.

The main disadvantage is that the details of your flight are in the computer of a particular airline, so other airlines cannot access them. This is not a problem in most cases, but if the airline cancels the flight and asks you to transfer to another airline's flight, it can be very troublesome. If this happens, please obtain one from the original airlineSignablePaper ticket, as a counter to another airlineBeforeSpare ticket. Similarly, for complex itineraries involving multiple airlines (e.g.Global flights), you should choose paper tickets, especially because e-ticket agreements between airlines are not so common yet.

Not all destinations offered by major airlines are eligible for e-tickets. However, for destinations eligible for e-tickets, if you choose to purchase paper tickets, your airline may charge a surcharge. Airlines usually no longer issue paper tickets for most journeys.

Choose a seat

Standard Economy Seat

A few airlines do not allocate seats (such as Southwest Airlines), but will determine your boarding group based on the time you confirm your online flight within 24 hours of the flight.

When they receive your reservation for a specific flight, most airlines will immediately assign you a seat. If so, please check SeatGuru (described below) and visit the airline website soon. If you are not satisfied with the automatic selection, please see if you can interactively select another seat from all available seats on the aircraft in the cabin. If you check in at an airline counter that has not yet been allocated a seat, you should ask if there is a suitable seat.

what isideal? Different seat types on the plane have advantages over other seat types. The biggest determinant of the ideal seat will be your cabin class.

• First ClassAlways located at the front of the aircraft to minimize engine noise and provide luxurious seats, spacious legrooms and padded seats. On aircraft equipped with long-haul routes, the seats are usually fully tilted to form a comfortable single bed. Each can be set in a wall that provides some privacy. These features, coupled with superb catering and services, make the typical cost of a ticket many times higher than that of economy class.
• Business classIt will also be located at the front of any aircraft, and if there is a first class cabin, immediately behind it. The seat will also be very comfortable, even if the position is not complete, it can usually be tilted significantly. The latest seat also has a wall to maintain a certain degree of privacy. These features, coupled with luxurious meals, beverages and other services, make the price of an ordinary ticket several times that of economy class.
• Economy ClassOccupies most of the aircraft seats. Some aircraft will have two "flavors"...a premium economy class with more legroom than others...standard economy class.
  • Among these flavors, seat width and "tilt" basically determine comfort, although newer designs may have cushions and seat back contours, which can also help. Spacing refers to the distance between a fixed point on one seat and the same point on the rear seat. It basically defines the legroom that someone will enjoy or (possibly) endure.
  • In the standard economy class of a full-size aircraft, the pitch angle may be between 30-32 inches and the width may be between 17-18.5 inches. In the premium economy class, the seats may provide greater spacing, which may be between 35-36 inches. On many flights, extra legroom requires a lot of expense. In long-distance flights, these changes are enough to make the travel comfort range from acceptable to somewhat painful. For example, a 17-inch long door may force them into the companion space, and a 30-inch spacing may cause some pain for tall people. .
  • On a regional aircraft or short-haul propeller aircraft, the width will be less than 17 inches, and the pitch angle can be about 28 inches.

SeatGuru [8] And other websites can provide seat maps or detailed information (and other information rarely shown on airline websites) to help you determine whether a particular aircraft and seat is suitable for your planned trip.

In addition to the cabin, other considerations include:

• windowSeats are popular among many flyers because they allow you to look out the window and rest your head on the window while sleeping without being disturbed by other passengers. The main disadvantage is that you have to pass one or two companions to reach the aisle. Due to the curvature of the aircraft, your floor space may also be slightly less, and the walls will become very cool.
• aisleSeats are the choice of some road warriors because they can easily get on and off the plane, provide more legroom, and make it easier to stand up and stretch their legs. However, during a long-distance flight, people passing by will make it difficult for you to fall asleep, and passing service carts may hit your elbow. Airplanes usually land row by row, so the forward seat usually takes you to your destination faster than the back seat.
• The third possibility isMiddle seatIt combines the shortcomings of aisles and window seats without the advantages of both, although taller passengers may still be able to see the scenery from the windows.
• Many dual-aisle/wide-body aircraft may have only two external seats near the windows, and about four between the aisles. These exterior seats are ideal for couples and friends who can easily "coordinate" entering the aisle. The middle seat may be useful for families.

On well-equipped aircraft, certain seats in each row may be installedEntertainment electronic equipment. These may damage the foot space of the person sitting behind. Less foot space may be the main annoyance and discomfort during long-distance flights. SeatGuru or other site details can help you avoid these.

There are also some special seat rows:

• Outlet rowThe seats are next to the emergency exit row and have more legroom than standard seats. Whether you are sitting in an exit or aisle seat, you can enter the aisle more easily. The disadvantage of these seats is that the tray table is tucked into the armrests of some aircraft, so you cannot lift the armrests between the seats. When there are other people next to you, this shouldn't be a big problem, but if there are no people, you may want to but not be distracted. In addition, many carriers may require you to put all your hand luggage in an overhead suitcase. There is no seat directly in front of you for storing items. Passengers in these seats need to help flight attendants come to the door in an emergency. You are not allowed to sit there if you are physically powerless, deaf or blind, have a child or guardian, or are pregnant. Due to the need for rear seats, some airlines now use "Economy Plus" or similar names to charge them extra. If you are tall, sometimes you may get these seats without paying, but don't count on it. Specially ask at check-in and explain why you want/need.
• bulkheadThe seats are located in the first row of each section, so there is no seat to recline towards you.
  • You may be facing a wall, so there is no seat in front of you to store your carry-on luggage; like an exit row, you must place all luggage above your head.
  • Legroom may be different from other seats... Sometimes it's better, but sometimes it's worse.
  • They are usually the only seats that can be equipped with a baby bassinet, so most airlines reserve them for families with small children. You may even have a seat at the boarding gate when you check in (some airlines assign it as a regular seat without request), but you risk sitting in a baby or infant during the entire flight The risk aside. They also built a tray table on the armrest. It may be difficult for short and fat people to fold up the table for use.
  • Some bulkhead seats are next to a bulkhead behind them. This usually means that the seat back cannot be tilted at all... If you always sit upright, this is not a problem.

Those who wish to avoid airsickness should choose a seat on the wing of an airplane near the center of gravity. The occupants in these seats often do not feel the turbulence compared to passengers in the rear seats.

Passengers who want more elbow room (even in economy class) should consider the last row of window seats on the plane. Passengers in window seats near the end of the plane due to the curvature of the planepossibleThere is more elbow room on the side of the window...sometimes enough to hold a medium tote bag. However, according to some notes in SeatGuru/etc.:

• In fact, the "window seat" in the back row only provides a blank wall.
• If you are close to the bathroom or kitchen, waiting passengers or smells may disturb you.

In addition to the obvious choice between window seats (wide view), aisle seats (degree of freedom of movement) and middle seats (lack of the advantages of window seats or aisle seats), there are some other factors that need to be considered for choosing slightly more comfortable Some economy class seats.

How close you are to the front or rear of the aircraft is a combination of pros and cons. In most jet aircraft, the rear seats will produce moreCabin noise. This difference may be enough to cause discomfort, which is one of the reasons why the first class is always in the front row. In wide-body aircraft, the rear economy window seat will provide you with betterField of vision, And in the front of the economy class, the wing obstructed the view. In the middle of the aircraft, near the leading edge of the wingTurbulenceThe effect is the weakest. Finally, the National Transportation Safety Board's data from accidents in which some passengers survived and others did not show that the seats in the back of the aircraft are statisticallysafer。

The aircraft also hasordinarySeats, for some reason, these seats are becoming less and less:

• lie inAircraft tailOf seats usually do not have a middle seat, which gives you more room to expand
• seatBefore exportAnd partLast seatMay not tilt
• Beside the toiletThe seats may be smelly, there are a lot of people impulsively up and down, or line up outside them.
• Close to the kitchenThe seats can be noisy, especially when the stewardess prepares and puts out the meal, the steam-heated food smells surprisingly
• Certain linesThere may be electronic equipment on the seat back entertainment device under the front seats, which takes up leg space. Check the sites listed below to identify them

By fixing a row of empty seats in the middle of a large aircraft and raising the armrests to form a temporary bed, the comfort of a first-class cabin can be simulated. When you board the plane, pay attention to these lines, and pay attention to the other lines as well. The flight attendants also know these lines and will use them to relocate people.

Try to be the first person to board the plane and use an open newspaper or magazinefixedSeating-The purpose is to make the rows look less attractive until the doors are closed and the seat allocation is more or less frozen.

If you want to sleep, please fasten your seat belt so thatCovered inOn the blanket to make it visible. Otherwise iffasten your seatbeltThe sign is turned on during the flight, and the flight attendants will be very troubled. The seating arrangements of airplanes and airlines are very different, so you need to refer to the detailedSeating mapTo determine good or bad. There are some online sites that provide detailed maps of aircraft in service and can be helpful in choosing the best seat:

• SeatExpert [9]
• SeatGuru [10]
• Seatmaestro [11]

If you know what kind of plane you are flying, you can check the seat map at all these sites. SeatExpert also provides a unique feature that allows you to find a seat map by entering flight information (airline, flight number, departure date). SeatGuru can also help you determine the type of aircraft you will be flying[12](Although it does not help American Airlines much).

Sometimes, an airplane planned for a certain flight on a certain day may replace another airplane at the last minute. Therefore, it is best to look at all possible aircraft and their respective configurations to find out the number of your favorite seat. In addition, airlines may have certain types of aircraft with different configurations. For example, the front row of an A330 of an airline X may be the first row, but in the front row of an A330 of another airline X, even if the front rows of two A330s have the same service level, it may be the 11th. Row. It should also be known whether an airline’s aircraft is a second-hand aircraft or leased from another airline, because the seat design may be very different from the internal aircraft.

If there is a problem with your seat, please say that the electronic equipment does not work, or the person sitting next to you takes up more of the seat, or is obviously sick, then please bring the aircraft to the attention of the attendant. If they understand the problem early enough, they can usually relocate you.

Modify the itinerary details and special requirements

Sometimes travel plans fail for any reason, or you may have other requirements (such as seating or dining preferences). If you are buying a ticket from a travel agency or consolidator website, you should contact them first or visit their website first, and then contact the operator directly. This is especially true if you purchase air tickets as part of a package (including accommodation and other tours). If you purchased your ticket directly from the carrier (through its ticket office or website), you should contact them directly or visit their website to manage your booking. Major airlines support special requests on their websites.

After confirming the flight, if there are any special requirements, please be sure to inform the carrier or travel agency. Typical examples include:

• Special meal(Vegetarian, kosher, medical restrictions, allergies, etc.)
• Special seat(Exit row seats for tall people, compartment seats for baby cradles)
• Airport assistance(Wheelchair or unaccompanied minor)

You can visit Airlinemeals.net[13]Check which meals are needed on the website.

Available at inflightfeed.com[14]Check the airlines that do not provide meals at the price of the ticket.

For some airlines, you need to remind the crew of your special menu before delivering the meal, lest they browse the passenger list and find you in the cabin (even after serving you regular meals, they cannot find the special menu). Travel agencies tend to forget many of the requests they receive, so ifVeryUrgently, it is wise to contact the airline directly and make sure that the message has passed and mentioned at the time of boarding.

Special dietary requirements

The special meal is different from the standard food provided by the airline. They usually meet various dietary or religious requirements, such as kosher food, halal food, vegetarian food, diabetes, low salt, etc. Children's meals are also often provided as special meals.

Some airlines offer special meals, which can usually be ordered as part of the online booking process, or later through online management bookings. Special meals always need to be ordered at least 24 hours in advance, and the chance of getting a meal at check-in or on the plane is small (although it can never be harmed because occasionally there will be special meals on the plane There are no people on board).

Special meals are usually served before other meals, which are particularly useful for children’s meals. They can be of higher quality, but they may also be lacking in some areas. For example, people who order vegetarian meals get vegan food (such as regular vegetables and rice) (instead of spinach and ricotta cheese pasta they may have). It is not uncommon to always hope).

Unaccompanied minors

Airlines that fly alone take care of them. They are called "unaccompanied minors" in airline jargon. The airline will supervise unaccompanied minors, usually connecting them in the back row of the plane, and flight attendants will check them on the plane. They will disembark last and will only hand over the person on the form to you during check-in.

Some airlines (mainly discount airlines) do not accept unaccompanied minors and impose restrictions on the supervision that must be provided to young children, usually children 12 years or younger must be accompanied by a guardian 18 years or older. Some airlines that accept unaccompanied minors may charge specific service fees or may charge indirect fees for not allowing online bookings or child discounts.

Generally speaking, a child must be over 5 years old to be accepted as an unaccompanied minor. Some airlines require all children under 12 to travel in this way, while airlines like KLM require all children under 15 to do so. Under normal circumstances, children under 15 or 17 can choose this method, depending on the airline.

Once the children reach the age at which they do not need to check in as an unaccompanied minor, they will fly like other passengers. Airlines whose flights are not direct may impose other restrictions. Sometimes, the minimum age for connecting flights is 8 years or more. Airlines will never allow unaccompanied minors to transfer between different airports in the same subway area by ground transportation. If the designated person does not meet with the child on the flight, the airline reserves the right to return the child to the place of origin immediately.

Help solve complex problems

If all of the above plans, flight trade-offs, and ticket purchases seem complicated (especially international travel), please ask for help.

• You may have friends with practical experience. Ask them what plans they have made, which airline they have chosen, what arrangements they have made, and prepare for your trip like this. Through your online research and other research, objectively balance their experience with a particular airline.
• Consider using a travel agency. You may have to pay a small additional fee, but it's usually worth avoiding the hassle of finding and booking the best, actually available ticket yourself. He/she can sometimes provide better trading opportunities instead of air travel brokers or consolidators that are not available to the public. He/she can also arrange special requirements (special diet, baby cradle, wheelchair assistance, etc.) directly with the airline. If you wish, they can advise you on accommodation, airport transfers and guided tours, and they may save you money (perhaps a package ticket) compared to arranging each need individually. The fees (if any) you pay for such services are real, but are usually "built-in" into better ticket prices and flight options.

Pack

For flights, there are two basic types of baggage: checked baggage and carry-on baggage, sometimes referred to as "checked" and "hand-on" baggage, or even "cabin baggage". Checked baggage is usually handed over to airline staff during check-in procedures. After electronic or manual inspection, the checked baggage is transported to a temporary warehouse by the airport crew and loaded into the aircraft cabin. These two types of baggage restrictions will be discussed below.

Carry-on luggageYou can take it with you on the plane, such as a medium-sized backpack or a small rolling suitcase. Its weight and size restrictions may be limited and vary according to the airline (for example, between a budget airline and a major airline) and the size of the aircraft. Some may let you carry only some essentials and some small things that are easily damaged. The challenge begins here.

• Never put valuable or irreplaceable items in your checked luggage.In any case, you need to bring all your official/valuable documents, cash/bank card/passport and high-value items (such as jewelry, electronics, prescription drugs or irreplaceable drugs) in person. Most insurance companies and airlines do not cover these items when checking luggage. In addition, unexpected emergencies may occur during your journey, so you may need to use some of these items immediately.
• Understand what liquids you can bring on board, for example, seeTSA 3-1-1 rule, And adopt the metric equivalent standard worldwide. This includes foods made with syrup/gel/paste such as peanut butter, jam, jelly. If you consider such packaging, keep them within the 3-1-1 rule.
• You may want or need to include some comfort items (see below).
• When you are on vacation, you may need a camera, or you may also want a laptop or tablet computer (their auxiliary accessories can be put in the checked luggage, because they are not valuable, so they are not so important to the thief ).

Fortunately, the camera,Laptop/tablet, wallet and outerwearIt may belong to different quotas, giving you some options for relaxation and packing, for example, in addition to backpacks or small suitcases, there are:

• You may be allowed to carry a moderate camera bag with you.
• There is no gender specified for pocket money.
  • Women can choose a more generous but not heinous one.
  • Men can be equipped with a medium-sized shoulder bag, small backpack or durable backpack.
• Some sellers of travel goods provide jackets and vests with many pockets, which can hold a lot of small things. You may already have one.

All of these may help increase the things you can take with you, and (except low-cost airlines) may not be protested or incurred unless you overuse it.

Carry-on restrictions/recommendations

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) guidelines apply the 3-1-1 restriction (measured in metric equivalents) toallinternational flight. They areAll liquids, gels and pastesA limit of 100 milliliters or 3.4 ounces is imposed. This includes aerosols, toothpaste, deodorant or antiperspirant sticks, all beverages (including water) and other items that you are trying to pass personal security checks.

• All used for these liquidscontainerIt must be packed in a transparent bag or pouch less than 20 cm x 20 cm or 1 quart. InternalPer containerMust meet the 100ml or 3.4oz limit (for example, 250ml toothpaste tubes are not allowed, only a small amount of toothpaste is allowed). If you want to fill your personal bag as much as possible, then the freezer bag is stronger than the basic quart "zip lock".

These restrictions are usually enforced during site security inspections. If you want to put your own water on the boat, please take the empty bottle out of the safety device and fill it up from the air side water dispenser. Some exceptions are possible, for example, medical necessities or baby care products. Allowed to be individually packaged in the packageDisinfecting wipes, And very useful in flight. (Hand sanitizers in bottles or boxes often contain large amounts of glycerin to help prevent dry skin. They should not be used on other surfaces...will leave undesirable residues.)

on boardmaybeDuty-free items purchased in any airport security zone are allowed to exceed the 3-1-1 limit. But please pay attention to the changes of the plane or the platform during the journey, you may have to recheck the safety during these changes. Even if sealed in a tamper-proof bag, initially passedAir sideThe purchased liquid container is also not allowed to passcheck again。

Please put all medicines and liquid bags in a place where they are easy to see during the safety inspection. please ensureallThe medicines are clearly labelled and packed in vials as much as possible. Please put all other liquids that do not comply with the 3-1-1 rule in your checked luggage. The security officer may ask you to prove the harmlessness of any liquids you carry.

I hope you can discard the security checkpoints that do not comply with the regulations of the countryallLiquid and gel. Can be in the officialHeathrow Airport[15]Find detailed information about the United Kingdom in the security control section of the website.

Not to be packed in carry-on baggageSharp objects or weapons-like objects; If (probably) seen, they will beConfiscate. In many countries, even "convincing" toy weapons are illegal.

• This includes pointed scissors (though small), pocket knives, Swiss army knives, screwdrivers or similar tools, baseball bats, martial arts weapons, etc.
• Please load sharp objects into your checked baggage in a way that will not cause danger to the baggage inspector.
• If you pass through the U.S., please refer toTSA prohibited itemsOn the list.

Food and water: If your flight is to the United States, Australia or New Zealand, pleaseTake it with you or check it inFresh food or unpackaged food should not be consumed before arrival. These countries have strict regulations on the introduction of food. It will be seized and fines may be incurred immediately. On longer flights, meals or snacks (or purchases) will be provided anyway. Please check at least before boarding, if not, check as soon as possible.

If you have low blood sugar, diabetes, or blood sugar problems, You can take someNon-perishable packaged snacks. Likewise, don't expect to be able to buy such items at any airport. If the connection is close, you may not have time to buy what you need at the door...even in a store.

If you need it during the flightbottled water, You can buy it after passing the personal security check (but please check the airport description in advance to make sure there is such a store), or you can bring an empty bottle and refill it after the security check.

The use of pressure vessels, explosives, hazardous materials and weapons (orIt looksItems like weapons). For the U.S., please refer to TSA's Guidelines for Shipping Special Items[16]. Please also note the "Follow-up" below.

entertainment. Unless you sleep soundly on the plane, you may want to keep yourself busy, especially during long-distance flights. Five "empty" hours can be tolerated, but a longer time can surpass boredom. Some aircraft are equipped with the latest in-flight entertainment systems, recorded music, movies, TV episodes, and in-flight games... present visual effects on small-screen TVs. Others may have little or nothing. Visit your airline website or SeatGuru[17]Check. You need earplugs or headphones to listen to entertainment audio. For long-distance flights, some carriers will provide earplugs...usually for a fee. If you plan to use your own headphones or earplugs, make sure you have a plug adapter. The airline’s website should list the allowed electronic devices; on board, check the in-flight magazine. Or, please treat yourself as a good book.

Comfort items(Some of the content is mentioned elsewhere):

• For keeping warm, Please consider wearing a light jacket, vest, wrap or blanket; if it’s clothing, put it on (not counted as a carry-on item), and then remove it when you don’t need it or sit down. If you have a window seat, please prepare something to protect your legs from the cold wall.
• For long-distance flight sleep, You may need a pillow or something to keep your head upright.
• For very long flights, Savvy pilots will bring something to pad on their small backs (such as cushions or paper rolls) and slippers.

For your consideration……

• If you are not interested in entertainment audio, please consider using a pairFoam earplugs. Even short flights, engine noise or disturbed children nearby can be troublesome. Notifications can also be annoying, because even if there is engine noise, the notification must be clear. The plug can reduce the noise level, but still allows you to hear instructions in an emergency...or
• If you are a frequent passenger or on a long-distance flight, please consider using a high-qualityNoisy headphones or earplugs. They help far more than foam earplugs. Please choose carefully to ensure long-term comfort.
• Disinfecting wipes: If you want to use the seat tray table, please use sterile wipes on the tray, armrests and hands. Before using the aircraft bathroom, please also use a rag on the key surface. Several long-distance flights may be required. Likewise, avoid using glycerin-based hand sanitizers on hard surfaces.
• Lightweight blanket. Many airlines no longer provide this service, especially for flights less than 5 hours or so.
• newspaper, For reading, and heat insulation against the cabin wall when needed.

If electronic devices (such as music players, earphones, laptops, mobile phones) are placed in your carry-on luggage, electronic inspections are more likely to result in manual inspections; so please pack them for easy viewing. In most countries or regions, laptops orE padScan it separately from other belongings. You must remove it from any carry-on bag/luggage that contains other items. Make sure its battery is at least fully charged to make itstart upFor a simple demonstration.

Most regulations allow you to carry an umbrella with you if it fits in your bag, overhead bin or under your seat. If you must bring unsuitable luggage, please consider putting it in your checked luggage or buying it at your destination.

Airline security at the gate may confiscate any carry-on items they consider "suspicious", usually without recourse. At that time, you will not be able to put these items in your checked baggage because they are already waiting to be loaded on the plane.

At some airports, the safety of checked baggage has become an issue. While checked baggage is waiting to be loaded on your plane, the items in your baggage are occasionally stolen. These thieves are completely focused on valuables, not auxiliary items. Therefore, within the weight and size limits, please carefully maximize the items you can wisely put in your checked luggage, minimize your valuables, and be cautious and creative to meet the carry-on restrictions. (Please also note the following discussion about taking care of your luggage.)

Select baggage

Modern carry-on luggage: one "personal item" per person and one rolling suitcase of restricted size

When you choose any suitcase (at home or at the time of purchase), please pay attention to its net weight, size, ease of carrying and obvious durability, such as a compact roller and a comfortable handle.

• Lighter boxes allow you to pack more.
• Very large parts (even lightweight parts) can tempt packaging or violate size restrictions.
  • Experts recommend that the length of the large box is only 25-26 inches to avoid accidental overload (weight) after it is full. The size of the fixed-shape design from the major brands will meet the limits of standard airlines. There are two basic types:
    • The hard-shelled box completely encases the items, thus providing the best protection for the padded, fragile items. They are clamped and/or locked closed.
    • Hard-sided boxes have one or more other soft compartments, which can protect the items well. A better design includes a stroke extension function that is not limited by weight or size.
  • For maximum convenience, you can choose a wheeled suitcase with a fixed shape. Two high-quality wheels should track well and extend the life of the bag. The four wheels eliminate any weight on rolling the case.
    • Some luggage manufacturers provide the function of pulling two wheeled luggage as a whole. However, negotiating stairs, escalators, and even ramps can be challenging.
• CarryLuggage must be placed in the overhead suitcase or under the seat in front of you. In order to preserve your walking space (essential in long-distance flights), you will need to increase your expenses as much as possible.
  • The fixed shape from a premium brand will be precisely sized to fit "standard" overhead luggage, for example, roll frames up to 22 inches long for large Boeing and Airbus aircraft.
  • Many flights in Europe and other countries use "regional" jets, which have very small ceilings and very little space under the seats. The "official" "European" standard is 20 inches, but even this may not fit their bins.
  • Soft, partially full bags can be placed in smaller or nearly full boxes that cannot be filled with fixed-shaped luggage. Pack them carefully to protect the items.

How much should you pack?

See:Airline baggage allowance list

After booking your ticket, please visit the airline's website to fully understand its baggage allowance and fees. Most traditional US carriers and low-cost carriers outside the US charge fees for checked baggage; at least one airline also charges for carry-on baggage. The online fee paid in advance may be slightly less than the fee paid at check-in.

useCodeshare flightAt the time, the baggage allowance may be different from the airline indicated by the airline or flight code you booked. The rules of the airline that actually operates the flight apply. If you are a frequent traveler and have an important position, please be extra careful, because the increased baggage allowance when flying with an airline usually does not apply to code-share flights.

Unless you run a business that does a lot of transportation, you won't have a scale that can weigh luggage and large parcels. The easiest option is to buy a cheap luggage scale, which includes a handle, a small electronic scale and a large hook... instead of a pole. Hang the balance on the handle of the bag, and then use the handle of the balance to lift it completely off the ground. The weight will be shown on the display. Avoid buying any scales that do not exceed the airline surcharge limit (for example, 50 pounds) or cannot switch between pounds and kilograms. You can also use bathroom scales to weigh items indirectly. First weigh yourself so that the bag is completely off the ground, then without the bag, calculate the difference. Unlike luggage scales, this method may be inaccurate if you place the scale on a carpet or other soft surface. Also, make sure to "zero" the scale when it is empty, and step on the scale a few times after picking up the scale and moving it to another location. Then it may need to be reset to zero again. This applies to mechanical and new digital bathroom scales.

Do not carry more luggage and items than you can carry or roll around...Including items needed by infants, young children or the elderly.

• Airports usually have luggage carts for rent, but you need local currency (usually coins) to "rent" one. In some countries or regions (such as the United Kingdom), you cannot bring these trolleys through security checkpoints into safe or airside areas.
• Some airports provide free trolleys...more often in areas where the flight arrives.
• Almost all airports and hotels have porters, and tips are usually required.
• In other places, you may be completely alone. Too many bags or too much weight can become the main burden。
• For the destinationSeparately booked flights, You may be solely responsible for requesting any baggage to be checked in after each flight, and bring it to the airline’s check-in counter, then re-check for the next flight segment, and arrive at the next flight segment on time... if possible if.

If you are willing to bear as much expense as possible, the items purchased while traveling may overweight your luggage (when you return), causing the flight cost to exceed the cost of starting the trip. Even the most favorable price may greatly increase the actual cost. Some experienced travelers with shopping plans will even use and use some suitable but older clothing, then donate or discard them before returning home.

Checked baggage is often thrown away in transit. If you have something that cannot be spared from this treatment and can be carried with you, please bring it with you as well. Otherwise, leave it at home. Travel insurance usually does not cover fragile items that are damaged in checked baggage. The placement of "fragile" stickers provided by the carrier is rarely enough to change the way baggage handlers check baggage.

Bulky items

If you have large pieces of luggage (such as things that are not easy to carry or check), it is best to leave them at home unless your travel is essential, such as sports equipment. If you do check, you may be charged an extra fee and you may be sent to a special baggage claim area...maybe some distance from where your regular baggage appears. It may take additional time to prepare the claim.

Weight and size restrictions

• CarryThe luggage is almost anywhere: 1 piece (in Europe, the maximum weight is 7, and some airlines are 12 kg), the maximum size is 20 cm × 40 cm × 55 cm (9 inches × 14 inches × 22 inches)... In Europe, the length is usually 20 inches.
• Checked baggage on international flights outside the United States: 1 piece, up to 20 kg (44 lb).
• On international flights between the U.S. and the U.S.ConsignmentLuggage: 1 piece, maximum 23 kg or 50 lbs.

Checked baggage

• If you are traveling in the United States, please remember that all airlines (except low-cost airlines JetBlue and Southwest and some regional commuter airlines) cost, for example, the first checked baggage is $25, the second One checked baggage is 35 dollars. Initially limited to itineraries within 48 states, checked baggage fees are now charged for almost all itineraries that do not cross the ocean: if you fly to Alaska, Hawaii, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America and some South American destinations ( Usually flights to "Deep South America", such as Argentina, Brazil and Chile get at least one bag of free luggage) Please still pay as planned.

• Depending on the airline and class, elite frequent flyers are usually allowed to carry 1 to 3 bags for free.
• First class and business class passengers may receive three pieces of luggage for free.

• Air Canada charges fees for checked baggage on "cross-border" flights to and from the United States. Unlike American Airlines, they do not assess baggage charges on domestic routes in Canada or flights to Mexico, the Caribbean, or other destinations in the Western Hemisphere.
• Some European low-cost airlines (such as Ryanair) do not have a free checked baggage allowance and charge per kilogram.
• On any airline, you will be charged if your luggage is overweight or oversized. In particular, low-cost carriers usually have lower limits and higher excess fees.

other problems

The smaller "carry-on space" on a regional aircraft may force you to inspect items at the counter, gate or entrance of the aircraft, which you can usually carry on other aircraft. Most airlines do not charge such inspection fees. However, if such inspections contain valuables, it will increase the risk of being stolen...Processors know that most of these items do exist. On the wrong airline, the "extra" flight cost can sometimes be punitive. Therefore, if in doubt, please check with your agent or airline in advance for all flights and aircraft types in the itinerary.

Before leaving home, check the packing weight of each "to be checked" box; it may be different from any previous trip. For subsequent flights or return flights, you can bring an electronic scale with you, or ask the hotel staff at the destination whether there is an electronic scale.

Handling excess baggage

For checked baggage, each kilogram exceeding the limit will be paid at a certain fixed fee or a certain percentage of the ticket price.This can become very expensive.

• As mentioned above, please weigh your luggage before leaving home (or at least before arriving at the airport check-in counter). Once you put your luggage on the scale during check-in, some airlines will not allow you to take out your items, and even doing so is embarrassing.
• For hand luggage, the weight is usually checked only at the check-in counter. After going through the check-in process, you must look suspiciously overweight before you can check your hand luggage.
• If you are close to the allowable weight outbound, make sure to wear the same (specific) clothing at home. If you go to a tropical island in jeans and a jacket, then go back in slippers and shorts, and your checked baggage is loaded with heavier clothes, you may have baggage weight problems.

If you know that your luggage will definitely be overweight, but you need to carry so many items, please consult your airline. At the price, it may provide an "upgrade" service for luggage before arriving at the airport, but the price is lower than the excess baggage charge at the airline counter. You can enjoy discounts when you book excess baggage online.

You might considerTransport of luggage as cargo, Also known as unmanned luggage. Many airports have companies that arrange this service for you, such as xsbaggage[18]Such aggregators can find one for you. This requires a trade-off:

• The fees charged can be high.
• Your luggage will be transported separately...it may take days or even days. You don’t have to pick up your luggage at the destination airport. Instead, you must arrange pickup or delivery elsewhere, for example, with your hotel in advance. For international locations, you may also need to make a customs declaration/claim for unaccompanied luggage, which may be troublesome.

Packaging recommendations

For the items in the luggage you want to check, please use resealable plastic bags (2-5 gallons, except for liquid bottles) as much as possible.

• They will greatly assist in security inspections and repackaging of luggage. Moreover, if you expose the checked baggage to the items while waiting to load and unload the checked baggage on the plane, they will protect the items.
• Before sealing, please completely squeeze out all the air ("inflate"); otherwise, the bag will burst at a high place.
• They are equally useful and can separate dirty stuff from other content.
• Use burlap and resealable gallon, liter, or quart-sized bags to pack bottled liquids to prevent bottle leakage during the flight.

Place heavy objects at the bottom of the bag to be inspected (make sure it is upright) and avoid placing any heavy objects in the same bag as fragile objects. Any items that may trigger manual inspections should be placed where they can be seen quickly after opening the bag.

For checked baggage (e.g. shampoo)A lot of liquid, Please choose a sturdy and durable screw cap bottle, the top of the cap cannot suddenly open...even if you have to buy it separately and fill it manually at home. Otherwise, please use a new bottle or unopened product that is still unsealed, and firmly stick all pop-up caps to the rest of the container and the opening. As mentioned above, put these bottles in separate, flaxed and sealed plastic bags to protect other luggage items. If your weight is limited and you can easily buy such items at your destination, please consider buying here instead of packing them.

Never put any unprocessed film in your checked luggage.Any existing exposed images and any ability of the film to be exposed later will be permanently and completely destroyed by the X-rays used in the scan.

Put the logo on the outside and inside of the luggage.

• Robust, complete accessoriesLuggage tagIt's important...at least name, address, and phone number. Those with cover to conceal your identity are preferred.
• A copy of your itineraryIt is equally useful in the inside and outside pockets. Relevant information should include: name, address, telephone number, email address, flight number and date of your travel, departure point, aircraft or airline changes, and all en route and destination airports, hotel names, addresses, and check-in date and time. If your tag or airline tag falls off (called "tag off") or the baggage route is wrong, this information is essential for the airline or others to find you or forward your baggage.
• If you want to pack the box, please fill in your name, address and phone number with capital letters and numbers on at least two opposite sides, and add an itinerary inside. Unless you are sending things by air, do not use the sender's address. There should be only one address for checked baggage.

If the airline loses luggage, it will usually lose one but not all (except for major delays and flight cancellations). So please distribute clothes and other necessities to everyone in the group among all the luggage you have. Delayed baggage on subsequent flights is more common than true "lost" baggage (more than 24 hours). Take a color photo of all checked baggage so that you don’t have to describe it verbally. This is especially important in situations where you may encounter language barriers. If you are departing from a larger airport rather than a smaller airport, lost and delayed luggage is more common. This includes all transfers, but the size of your arrival at the airport is not important. Direct flights also help minimize the chance of baggage troubles.

• As a last resort, The airline can search the global database of misleading luggage content based on the passenger’s declaration form in the luggage storage. They do not classify every item in your luggage, so please declare a unique and easy-to-see item in your luggage to help the airline find it.
  • There are more reasons to put a copy of the itinerary inside and outside your checked baggage.

You should consider securing the baggage to be inspected to prevent it from breaking due to rough handling. Two methods include:

• Tightly put on the brightly coloredseat belt. Make sure that the ends of all cable ties are firmly fixed or inserted to avoid being jammed during handling. The color will help you find your checked baggage when you claim it. Otherwise, please consider using brightly colored tape or ribbons to customize the exterior of your checked baggage. Therefore, when picking up luggage, the bag looks different from hundreds of others.
• At major airports, you may findBaggage package service. If so, there will be a charge, and they will wrap any luggage in layers of transparent hard plastic cloth. (If your luggage is subject to security inspections in the United States and other countries or regions, this type of package is not allowed; the package must be able to quickly and manually check the contents.) The package occurs before you hand over the luggage to the airline counter for inspection. Therefore, please make sure that the weight of the package does not make the item overweight. Also make sure that your name tag is clearly visible...preferably on the outside of the wrapping paper.

If the amount of outbound checked baggage has not reached the limit and you know that you want to buy the items to be returned, please consider putting a soft bag in your checked baggage. You can then use it to pack unbreakable things as additional checked baggage for return.

Protect your luggage

Plastic wraps and locks are common, but not very effective security measures

The possibility of stealing items from luggage is very low. But it does happen. Lost or stolen bags or items can be very important to you, especially when you start a long or important trip. Other discussions about baggage tags and printed itineraries help to avoid route errors. A few steps can help stop injuries and thieves.

All luggage passing through the airport will be subject to electronic or manual security checks.Maybe both. If you are not sure about all the airports you will use, please consult your agent or airline for details. All checked baggage to and from the United States or within the United States must be electronically scanned at least once. This is also common in almost all developed countries. As mentioned above, in order to protect the film:

• Electronic scans of checked luggage usually include X-rays strong enough to show objects in relatively thick luggage. These rays will destroy any undeveloped film.
• Carrying electronic scanning uses low-power, less destructive radiation. One or several such scans may not damage the undeveloped film. However, repeated scanning may cause some fogging. Professional cinematographers often put the film in a small bag used to protect the film; when a small bag is seen, it is usually inspected manually, but most inspectors have seen them before.

If any bag needs to be checked manually, it must be opened. If it is locked by a lock other than the approved lock of the country or region (such as the TSA lock in the United States), the inspector must cut or break it (and possibly a zipper with a zipper) before inspection. If you want to check a hard suitcase with a "built-in" lock, please consult the airline or your travel agency。

• After manual inspection, the inspector repackages and "re-secures" the luggage, and locks, luggage straps and/or strong plastic ties tighten the zippers, all of which make future changes difficult. If they are tied together, they need to be cut with a knife, nail clippers, scissors, etc. after picking up the luggage. Put them in the outer pocket of your checked baggage-"rules" allow them to be there.
• You may see this kind of tie when claiming your luggage. If the contents are manually checked, when you open the suitcase for the first time, you will usually see a piece of explanatory paper inside.

You may also be instructed to check one or more baggage (maybe you wish to take it with you) at the ticket counter, the aircraft gate, or when you board the aircraft. Reasons may include:

• You have packaged one or more, or too many packages. (In budgets and some international airlines, this may require a significant amount of expense.)
• Part of your itinerary is on a regional jet that lacks adequate storage space in the cabin. (There may be a charge).
• If you board a full-size airplane, the cabin crew realizes that there is no more cabin space available. Then, they will issue a "terrible notice"... Those who have not yet sat down must take almost all their carry-on luggage; they will receive special tags. This does not apply to carry-on items, you can put them completely under the front seat (if any).

Since the items you carry with you are likely to contain valuables, they are more susceptible to theft.You should be locked (or ready) at any time after passing the personal safety check. If it's not practical, stick to itLuggage strapWill cause trouble to the thief. Normally, you will collect all your checked baggage at the regular baggage claim area; for smaller aircraft, you may receive carry-on baggage checked at the gate when you leave the aircraft.

Some travelers take extra precautions with checked baggage...very expensive:

• In order to quickly find the luggage in the luggage area, they can fix the flashing light or buzzer outside so that they can be triggered by the device they carry.
• Others may place GPS tracking devices in their luggage to indicate their location...it will be helpful if it is lost or the route is wrong.

Items worn on board

The temperature in the cabin may be unpredictable and may change during the flight. Experienced pilots will wearProtection, In order to meet the needs of comfort.

• For comfort, you can useSoft jacketTo keep warm or use as a blanket or pillow, especially since such items may not be provided on board. Due to the influence of outside temperature, the cabin walls may become very cold. If you have a window seat, you need something to insulate against the wall... even a few newspapers can help you significantly. Warm socks or slippers socks may be useful, especially if you want to take off your shoes when you want to fly a long distance.
• To or from a different climate
  • When leaving a cold country or region for a warmer area, if they take you to the airport to pick you up, please consider wearing your main winter clothing with them; this can also reduce your luggage burden.
  • To get from a warm place to a cold area, please bring at least one lined jacket; it may take a while for you to get warm clothing in your checked luggage.
• The cleanliness inside the aircraft may not be ideal, especially for low-cost airlines. If it is important to you, please consider wearing clothes that you can take off as soon as possible after you are offline for cleaning later during the flight.
• ifbusiness travel, Please do not put all work clothes in your checked baggage. If there are any omissions, a complete set of clothes should be worn between the things worn on the ship and the carry-on baggage... Even if the checked baggage is troublesome, dress well.

Travel with only belongings

If you really don't need a lot of luggage and will leave home in a short time, then it might be worth considering taking it with you. This saves time at your destination because you don’t need to wait to pick up your checked baggage, and your carry-on baggage is not easy to be lost or stolen. It may also save you money because many airlines charge a fee for each checked baggage. Please consult your airline to ensure that your luggage complies with the size/weight restrictions of its carry-on items, and whether your luggage or laptop is counted towards the limit of the number of luggage you can carry (or checkAirline baggage allowance listHelp you compare airlines). In addition, due to strict security restrictions, you need to know what types of items can be carried into the passenger compartment (especially nothing but small bottles can be used as weapons and liquids), and the carry-on-only strategy may not be practical. Therefore, except In addition to the restrictions imposed by the airline you will be using, it is also useful to check the airport where you will be leaving. It is worthwhile to carry all the important items in your carry-on luggage, such as underwear, extra clothes, toothbrushes, etc.

If you only want to bring your carry-on luggage, but also luggage that should be checked in, you can use the providedBaggage check-in services company. Or you can use something like[19]Such a wardrobe management company can not only store and transport your luggage items, but also provide you with a database to "virtually package" your items and clean the travel between them. You can even arrange for clean clothes to wait for your arrival.

Pre-flight inspection

Reconfirm your route

Generally speaking,No longer neededCall the airline to reconfirm the flight because the reservation system is quite reliable. Instead, just check the booking information online (see the next section) and only call the airline if there is a problem.

The main exception is when you deviate from a less-traveled route on an airline that does not have (or appears to have no!) online bookings, especially if there are no other flights within a week. For example, in an off-travel place in Indonesia, it is wise to confirm not only once, but also twice-if an important person and his harem show up at the last minute, you may still try your luck.

Check your appointment

It is always a good thing to carefully check whether the itinerary is correct before flying. Not only can you check whether everything is in order, you can also see whether any waiting lists have been cleared, whether flight times have been changed, whether your special requirements have been recorded correctly, etc. Most major airlines provide several convenient inspection routes, such as websites, smartphone apps, and phones. Please check in in time, because in the event of flight cancellation or overbooking, you can still use the earlier flight. If your carrier makes any changes to the itinerary, they or your agent will try to contact you, but they may not be able to contact you in time. There are many online services that allow you to check your reservation; however, you must determine which reservation system to use to make the reservation. This is usually printed at the top of your itinerary, but if all other operations fail, you can always consult an agent.

• Abacus/Sabre
• Amadeus
• Apollo/Galileo
• AlthoughWorldspanThis information is also provided, but now only those users who have installed a valid Worldspan server and are ready to log in with ID and GDS can access this information.

Low-cost airline flights usually do not appear in these systems.

If you encounter severe weather (such as snowstorms, heavy fog) or the nearest airport is closed, please contact your airline before leaving home to see if your flight will take off as planned or delayed or cancelled. If your flight is cancelled and you are placed on the waiting list for a future flight, then do not go to the airport until you receive the confirmation from the airline to confirm that you can take the flight for which you are placed on the waiting list. You should check it occasionally to see if there is progress.

Important documents

Armenian passport

To board your flight, you need at least a boarding pass andPaper ticket(If you have already got a ticket), of course you need someGovernment-issued photo ID(It may not be necessary for children). If your flight (or connecting flight) takes you to other countries/regions, then you also need a passport, and the passport is usually valid later than at least six months after you start traveling. Depending on the country you are flying to or connecting to, you may need to apply for additionalvisa. Check with your agent or airline in advance. If you do not have all the necessary documents, your trip may be at risk. The credit card used to purchase the tickets may also be required for verification, so you should also bring it with you.

The authorities will carefully check the name whenever checking tickets, boarding passes, passports or other identification documents. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and other security agencies often require key documents to accurately reflectyour full name. This applies to all members of your tour group, such as spouses, children, etc. The first thing to do is to ensure that the person booking the travel accurately enters each person’s full name on the booking and subsequent tickets generated.

In addition to havingConvincingdocumentProve that all medicines belong to you, For example, a labeled bottle, a copy of a doctor’s prescription (do not exceed the amount you need during your trip). If any kind of medicineContains controlled/anaesthetic ingredients, Please make sure youWill not violate any laws of the country/region where you enter, Even for passengers on direct flights. This may include obtaining written permission from the country to carry drugs in its territory. otherwise,The consequences can be serious, Ranging from confiscation of drugs to severe fines or even imprisonment.

If you buytravel insurance, Bring someProveInsurance coverage, insurance policy number, and information on how to contact your local insurance company.

Check in online

In addition to the traditional check-in procedure at the airport (see the check-in section), your airline can allow you to check in online from any place with internet access. They are usually open at least 24 hours before the departure of your scheduled flight. Through online check-in, you can choose your preferred seat in advance, report your frequent flyer number to earn mileage, and inform the airline of the number of baggage you intend to check-in, thus saving airport time. In addition, other people participating in the tour group can also check in with you.

The procedures, features, benefits and requirements of online check-in vary from airline to airline and may also vary from airport of departure. For example, some airlines may only provide online check-in, and only when you take off from certain airports, if your departure airport is available for online check-in, be sure to contact your airline. Related to this, some airlines will allow boarding passes to be printed at home, while other airlines will still require passengers to make claims at the airport. Another example is that for airlines like Southwest Airlines that do not have seats allocated, passengers can board early if they check in in advance. In addition, some airlines will only provide this option to e-ticket holders, while other airlines will also invite paper ticket holders to use this option.

If your airline does not allow you to print your boarding pass from your location, please be prepared to write down or print all other relevant information provided to you at the end of the online check-in process, as they will be used to facilitate the rest of the Check in at the airport.

Airlines usually provide dedicated lanes for online check-in; be sure to use it to speed up service.

Don't know where to print the boarding pass? The new trend in issuing boarding passes is to have electronic boarding passes. Airlines such as American Airlines, Air Canada and KLM already offer this service to passengers flying on selected routes. All you need is a mobile device that supports WAP or WiFi (such as Blackberry, iPhone, iTouch). According to the airline's system, you can check in online or through a mobile device. You will receive a link to your electronic boarding pass or sometimes boarding pass via SMS, MMS or email on your mobile device (for how to save SMS, email, please refer to your mobile device manual). The boarding pass will contain a barcode and will be scanned at the checkpoint and gate. If you are on a "domestic" flight, in addition to your ID, you only need to bring a mobile device containing your boarding pass as the required document.

Other remote check-in methods

Some airlines and stations provide multiple ways to check in. For example, Singapore Airlines allows you to use self-service kiosks, text messages, mobile apps or check in at Marina Bay Sands. Lufthansa also provides SMS check-in procedures. If you use the kiosk, you can enter information, swipe your card or scan the QR code you have prepared to quickly apply.

If you want to leaveHongkongAnd take the MTR Airport Express, you canHongkongOr Kowloon Station for fast immigration clearance (seearrivalparagraph). However, you need to purchase an Airport Express ticket to enter the check-in area because there is a fare for entering the airport. Once you are done, you can take the train directly to the passport control when you arrive at the airport. This is very useful if you have a lot to do in downtown Hong Kong, but don’t want to worry about carrying and transporting your luggage to the airport or leaving them somewhere.Kuala LumpurThere is also a similar system, KLIA Ekspres trains depart from Kuala Lumpur Sentral Railway Station.

Is it planned? Check out the next part of this guide:At the airport →