Northern Ireland - Bắc Ireland

Northern Ireland (Vietnamese transliteration: Northern Irish, Pinyin: Northern Ireland, English: Northern Ireland, Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann pronounced [ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ] ( listen), Scot Ulster: Norlin Airlann or Norlin Airlan) is a series. part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is located in the northeast of the island of Ireland. In various terms, Northern Ireland is described as a country, province or region of Great Britain. Northern Ireland borders the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. According to the 2011 census, there are 1,810,900 residents in Northern Ireland, accounting for about 30% of the total population of the island of Ireland and about 3% of the population of Great Britain. Since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, Northern Ireland has been largely self-governing. Under the agreement, Northern Ireland cooperates with the rest of the island of Ireland on some policy areas, while the UK government maintains power over other areas, although the Republic of Ireland "may present an important points and suggestions".

overview

For many years, Northern Ireland was the site of a violent and fierce conflict known as the Troubles. The cause of this conflict was a split between two forces, the first being nationalists who identified themselves as Irish and mainly Roman Catholics, the other being Irish nationals. fusionism that identifies itself as British and primarily Protestant. In addition, there are also people who identify themselves as Northern Irish. The fusionists wanted Northern Ireland to remain part of Great Britain, while the nationalists wanted reunification with the rest of the island of Ireland, independent of British rule. . Since 1998, most of the paramilitary groups associated with the Troubles have ceased their armed campaigns. Northern Ireland has been the most heavily industrialized area on the island ever since. After declining as a result of political and social unrest in the second half of the 20th century, Northern Ireland's economy has grown significantly since the 1990s. This is partly due to "peaceful division" and a partly due to association and increased trade with Republic of Ireland.

Geography and climate

Northern Ireland was covered by an ice sheet for most of the fourth and previous ice ages, traces of this can be seen in the widespread drumlins in counties Fermanagh, Armagh, Antrim and especially in County Down. . The geographic core of Northern Ireland is Lough Neagh, which at 151 square miles (391 km2) is the largest freshwater lake both on the island of Ireland and in the British Isles. The second extensive lake system is concentrated in Lower and Upper Lough Erne in Fermanagh. Northern Ireland's largest island is Rathlin, off the coast of Antrim. Strangford Bay is the largest fjord in the British Isles with an area of ​​150 km2 (58 sq mi). Northern Ireland has significant alpine regions in the Sperrin Mountains (an extension of the Caledonian orogenic), and the Mourne Mountains. and the Antrim Plateau with its gold, granite and basalt resources, as well as smaller mountain ranges in Southern Armagh and along the Fermanagh–Tyrone boundary. None of the hills are particularly high, the highest being Slieve Donard in the Mourne range at 849 meters (2,785 ft). Volcanic activity created the Antrim Plateau, which also formed the strangely shaped Giant's Causeway on the north coast of Antrim.

The Lower and Upper Bann, Foyle and Blackwater Rivers form large fertile lowlands in Northern Ireland, and lush arable land also occurs in the North and East Down, but much of the countryside is hilly and difficult. arable and mostly suitable for livestock. Belfast is located in the Lagan River Valley, the metropolitan area of ​​Belfast is home to a third of Northern Ireland's total population, and strong urbanization and industrialization lies in the area. along the Lagan valley and the shores of Belfast Bay. All of Northern Ireland has a temperate oceanic climate, slightly wetter in the west than in the east, but continuously cloudy over the area. The weather in Northern Ireland is unpredictable at all times of the year, and although the seasons are distinct they are judged to be less pronounced than in the interior of Europe or the coast. eastern North America. Average maximum daily temperatures in Belfast are 6.5 °C (43.7 °F) in January and 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) in July. Wet climate and deforestation widespread in the 16th and 17th centuries resulted in many areas being covered with lush grasslands. The highest temperature ever recorded was 30.8 °C (87.4 °F) in Knockarevan, near Garrison, County Fermanagh on 30 June 1976 and in Belfast on 12 July 1983.[citation needed. source] The lowest temperature ever recorded was −18.7 °C (−1.7 °F) at Castlederg, County Tyrone on December 23, 2010.

Area

City

• Belfast ("estuary of the river") - the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland. It is also the second largest city on the island of Ireland (after Dublin, the capital of the Republic of Ireland), and the fifteenth largest in the United Kingdom. Tormented by more than three decades of paramilitary conflict, Belfast has experienced a renaissance in recent years and is now a vibrant and modern one.
• Armah - the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland, containing the headquarters of both the (Anglican) Church of Ireland and the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland.

• Bangor - a beautiful seaside resort in the North Down, home to the island's largest marina and good shopping.

• Coleraine - located by the River Bann in County Derry, 5 km from the sea and with an impressive history dating back to Ireland's earliest known settlement, Coleraine is today a major gateway to the popular Causeway Coast area. Coleraine is a great shopping town and also has a main performance theater located at the University of Ulster in town.

• Derry, or Londonderry ("The City of Maiden")-On the banks of the River Foyle is Northern Ireland's second city and Ireland's fourth city which is also valued once for its famous stone wall (which dates from 16th century and the only completed city wall in Ireland).

• Enniskillen - the main picturesque town of County Fermanagh, perfect for exploring around Lough Erne.

• Lisburn - became a city as part of Queen Jubilee's celebrations in 2002.

• Newry - became a city as part of Queen Jubilee's celebrations in 2002.

• Omagh - The Ulster American Folk Park is located here. This is an open-air museum that tells the story of migration from Ulster to America in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Other destinations

Arrive

Immigration and visa requirements

Northern Ireland is a constituent part of the UK, which means it has exactly the same entry requirements as England, Scotland and Wales. Citizens of the United Kingdom and Dependent Territories can visit Northern Ireland without a passport and have the right to automatically reside and work.

• Citizens of the European Union do not need a visa, and have the right to permanently reside and work in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

• Citizens of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland also have the right to permanent residency, but may require a work permit in some cases.

• Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Israel, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, USA and Uruguay do not need a visa for visits of less than 6 months.

• Most other countries will require a visa, which can be obtained from the nearest British Embassy, ​​High Commission or consulate.

• While there is no passport check on the land border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, travelers are still required to carry the necessary documents allowing them to enter the UK (passport). , visa, identity card or documentation, depending on nationality).

• The UK also operates a Working Holidaymaker Scheme for citizens of the Commonwealth of Nations and British Dependencies. This allows residence in the UK for up to 2 years, with limited work rights.

For more information on UK immigration and visa requirements, see the UK's home office website. [1].

By plane

Northern Ireland has three commercial airports, with Belfast being the main gateway. A third airport operates in Derry.

George Best Airport Belfast City (airport code BHD): only 3 km (2 mi) from Belfast city center, with stunning views of Belfast or Belfast Lough upon takeoff or landing. The airport mainly serves domestic routes to the UK and Ireland, however British Airways provides connections to its own connecting flights and those of the One World alliance via incoming Heathrow. Airlines that use the airport include:

• Aer Arann [2] to Cork

• British Airways [3] to London (Heathrow)

• British Northwest Airlines [4] Blackpool and the Isle of Man (Ronaldsway)

• Flybe [5] to Aberdeen, Birmingham, Bristol, Doncaster Sheffield (Robin Hood), Edinburgh, Exeter, Galway, Glasgow, Guernsey, Jersey, Leeds / Bradford, Liverpool (John Lennon), London (Gatwick), Newcastle, Paris (Charles-de-) Gaulle), Southampton, Manchester, Newquay and Rennes.

Airport terminal serviced every 20-30 minutes from 6:00-22:00 by airport bus 600 [6] (£1.30 only, £2.20 return). Depending on traffic, the journey to Laganside Belfast and the Europa bus hubs takes no more than fifteen minutes. Ask at the airport information desk for a free shuttle to the rail station near Sydenham for trains to Bangor, Belfast and Portadown. Due to the airport's proximity to the city, taxis cost less than £10 to most parts of the city and are an economical option for small groups.

The Airporter is an hourly shuttle from two Belfast airports to Londonderry/Derry. The journey to Belfast City Airport takes about an hour or two.

Belfast International Airport (BFS airport code) is locally known as Aldergrove (according to the RAF base that was there until recently from before the commercial airport was built), the international airport is further from Belfast than City Airport (but closer to the town of Antrim) and offers significantly more international destinations.

• Aer Lingus aerlingus.com to Amsterdam, Arrecife, Barcelona, ​​Budapest, Geneva, Faro, London-Heathrow, Malaga, Milan, Munich, Nice, Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle) and Rome (Fiumincino)

• Air Transat [7] to Toronto (Hamilton)

• Bmibaby [8] to Birmingham, Cardiff, Manchester and Nottingham (East Midlands)

• United Airlines [9] to New York (Newark)

• Easyjet [10] to Alicante, Amsterdam, Barcelona, ​​Berlin Schoenefeld, Bristol, Edinburgh, Faro, Gdansk, Geneva, Glasgow, Ibiza, Krakow, Liverpool (John Lennon), London (Gatwick), London (Luton Town), London (Stansted) , Malaga, Malta, Manchester, Newcastle, Nice, Palma-de-Mallorca, Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle), Prague, Rome (Ciampino) and Venice

• Jet2 [11] to Barcelona, ​​Blackpool, Chambery, Gran Canaria, Ibiza, Leeds (Bradford), Malaga, Milan (Bergamo), Murcia, Palma-de-Mallorca, Pisa, Prague, Tenerife (South) and Toulouse

• Manx2 [12] to the Isle of Man (Ronaldsway)

• Wizz Air [13] to Warsaw and Katowice

The air terminal is serviced for up to thirty minutes from 5:35-23:20 by airport bus 300 [14] (£6 single, £9 return) to Belfast Laganside and Europa Buscentres. Depending on traffic, the Laganside Belfast and Europa Buscentres journey takes around forty-five minutes. Taxis cost no more than £25 - £30 to Belfast City Centre.The Airporters is an hourly shuttle bus from two Belfast airports to Londonderry/Derry. The journey to Belfast internationally takes ninety minutes.

City of Derry Airport (airport code LDY) an airport serving Derry, Tyrone and Donegal in Republic of Ireland.

• Aer Arann [15] to Cork (via Dublin) and Dublin.

• Ryanair [16] to Alicante, Birmingham, Faro, Glasgow (Prestwick), Liverpool, London (Stansted) and Tenerife (South).

Ulsterbus operates various scheduled services to and from the airport to the main Foyle road bus station in the city. The service also operates to and from Limavady. For details of Ulsterbus bus service visit www.translink.co.uk. The usual fare to the city center is £2.70 and the journey takes around 20-30 minutes.

Taxis are available from the airport, with a typical fare to the city center around £12, with a journey taking around 15 minutes.