Kinmen (金門 Kim-mn̂g in Minnan, Jīnmén in Mandarin, literal meaning "golden gate", also known as Quemoy) is a county comprising a number of outlying islands near the People's Republic of China (PRC), but is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan.
The main islands in the county are Greater Kinmen and Lesser Kinmen. Administratively, Kinmen is split into six townships, four of which are on Greater Kinmen. Another has Lesser Kinmen plus its neighbouring small islands, and the sixth is a couple of more remote small islands.
Understand
In 1949, the Communists won the Chinese civil war, defeating the Nationalists (Kuomintang) who had governed (most of) China from the 1911 revolution until 1949. Since then, there has been a Communist government in most of China (the People's Republic of China or PRC) while the Nationalists hold Taiwan (still officially called the Republic of China or ROC).
The islands of Kinmen and Matsu are near the Chinese coast — Kinmen is about 10 km (under 6.5 miles) from Xiamen — but held by the ROC. They are symbolically important, and arguably strategically as well, and were often actively fought over from 1949 into the 1970s. The "Artillery Battle of 823" was one of the key battles that kept the PRC from invading Taiwan. It involved artillery bombardment of Kinmen and Matsu, beginning on August 23 (8-23) 1958.
Relations between the two governments have since improved greatly; there is extensive Taiwanese investment in China and travel in both directions is much easier than it used to be. Mainland China is now also the biggest source of tourism to Kinmen. However, Kinmen and Matsu remain sensitive areas and both the PRC and the ROC maintain substantial military forces in the area. Travellers should exercise caution, avoid political discussions and avoid photographing military installations or even pieces of infrastructure (bridges, dams, etc.) which might be military targets.
The economy of Kinmen is now based mostly on tourism and the famous Kaoliang liquor (高粱酒). Dried meat from Kinmen is also sold on Taiwan.
Although administered by the Taiwan government, Kinmen and Matsu are officially considered to be parts of Fujian province, not of Taiwan, by both the PRC and ROC governments. Local residents generally identify as "Kinmenese" or "Chinese" and not "Taiwanese". Politically, Kinmen is a KMT stronghold, with most residents being firmly opposed to formal Taiwan independence, though the DPP has made inroads among the younger generation.
Talk
The local language in most of the county is Minnan. Due to its different history, the local dialect of Minnan generally lacks the Japanese loan words that are ubiquitous in the dialects of Taiwan. In Wuqiu, the local language is Puxian Min, which is not mutually intelligible with Minnan. However, most residents throughout the county are bilingual in their local language and Mandarin. Few people speak English, especially outside of tourist areas, but the level of English is perhaps slightly better than in rural Mainland China.
Get in
By plane
- 1 Kinmen airport (KNH IATA also known as Shang Yi Airport). Three of Taiwan's four domestic carriers fly to Kinmen from the three bigger cities on Taiwan several times a day. One-way tickets cost a little over NT$2000.
By ferry
There are ferries from Xiamen in mainland China to 2 Shuitou Pier 
on the main Kinmen island, and this link is now open to foreigners. Boats are NT$750 (as of June 2013) from Shuitou to Xiamen and ¥155 from Xiamen (Wǔ tōng mǎ tóu 五通码头, Oct 2016) to Shuitou and run once an hour between 08:30 and 19:00 in each direction. There is also a ferry from Quanzhou, but it allows only Chinese and Taiwanese passengers. The ferry from Xiamen Wutong terminal to Shuitou runs every 30 min from 08:00 until 17:30.
Since Kinmen is under Taiwanese control, going there from mainland China counts as an exit. Thus, holders of single-entry visas cannot do short trips to from Xiamen to Kinmen and return. So make sure to clarify your visa situation before hopping on a ferry!
If you are arriving by ferry, the ferry terminal has a tourist information desk that can help find you an inn. There are also money exchange counters, but they will only exchange RMB to NT$; they will not exchange other currencies.
There is also an ATM just outside the ferry terminal (cross the road) that accepts Visa and Mastercard. A UnionPay ATM is in the departure area, where you also find a stall to change RMB to NT$.
At the tourist services counters besides Joane Ranch Restaurant, you can rent portable WiFi (NT$250 per day) or get an unlimited data SIM Card (starting from NT$400 for 5 days). Cash only, no cards.
Get around
There are taxis on the island, though you need pretty good Mandarin or Minnan skills to negotiate a rate with the driver. They are also concentrated mostly in the city center, so you can't count on finding one just anywhere. If you can speak Mandarin, or the local dialect, most of the drivers are quite friendly, so one shouldn't worry about bargaining super hard. Most of them aren't looking to rip you off.
Taxis from the Shuitou wharf to Jincheng city's downtown are NT$250 flat rate, and roughly NT$200 to return to the wharf.
There are a few buses that run around, but they are not frequent and bus stops aren't particularly convenient.
By scooter or bicycle
It is easiest to just rent your own scooter. You can get a 150 cc for about NT$550 per 24 hours. There is a rental shop in the airport. There is also a rental place in downtown Jincheng near the northern entrance to Mofan St (模範街).
Roads are all paved and there are good maps at every village and in every hotel. Road signs are written in both Chinese characters and pinyin (Chinese words in the Latin alphabet), so it is hard to get lost. Bicycles are free to borrow for the day and can be picked up at various key locations, such as Zhaishan Tunnel, Jinshui Primary School (金水國小) in Shuitou, the Shuangli Wetlands Area close to Guningtou Battle Museum, Siwei Tunnel on Little Jinmen, as well as various other locations. They are a spectacular way to see the sights around the island. Rental stations will keep your passport until you return the bicycle. Be aware of when each rental station closes. Little Jinmen is particularly great for bike riding as there is a bike path ringing the perimeter of the island, connecting most of the important sights.
By bus
Kinmen has a bus service specifically for tourists. Day tickets are NT$200 and include bus rides and guided tours at all destinations (Chinese only). Departure is from the bus station in Kincheng at 08:30 and 13:30.
- Line A (morning): to Juguang Tower (莒光樓) and several sites in Shuitou, including traditional architecture, houses by returnees from Southeast Asia (including a Peranakan house) and the Zhaishan tunnels (翟山坑道) an underground navy installation.
- Line B (afternoon): to Guning, north of Kincheng, to several museums and sites related to military history and the battle of 1949 in particular, and a wildlife museum.
- Lines C and D start from Shanwai in the east of the island.
Public buses also go to all parts of the island, including the major sites, the ferry terminal and the airport (red 1 line, 紅一). Buses 7/7A/7B run from the Shuitou Pier, to Shuitou, and finally to Kincheng. Buses 9/10/11 go to the northwest part of the island, particularly the Shuangli Wetland Area and Guningtou Battle Museum. Bus fares are NT$12 or NT$24 for long distances (such as from Kincheng to the eastern half of Kinmen). For Little Kinmen, the fare is NT$10. Understand that buses can be rather infrequent and many do not run late. Also, the bus drivers will skip a station if there is no one waiting there, so press the "get off" button when you want to get off. Kincheng has a major bus station with buses to many parts of the island and also has a very useful tourist office.
See
- The late President of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek, left a calligraphy inscription in Kinmen, urging the ROC troops to fight on and to one day re-take the Mainland from the Communist "bandits".
- The Wind Lion Gods of Kinmen are unique statues all over the island, you can either see the originals in the villages (this can take some patience and hunting skills) or just go to the new Wind Lion God Park near the ShangYi Airport.
- Just walk around downtown Kincheng, there are temples in every other alleyway, often architecturally interesting and in active use.
Military history
- 1 8-2-3 Artillery battle museum. Small but excellent museum, it even has a large amount of English signage to help explain the exhibits. There is also a Virtual War room where you can experience war for 3 minutes.
- 2 Juguang Tower (莒光樓) (South of Kincheng on Huandao West Road (環島西路一段). Line A tourist bus.). Memorial building with a small military museum and views of surrounding areas.
- 3 Zhaishan tunnels (翟山坑道) (At the southern tip of the western part of Kinmen. Line A tourist bus). Underground navy base. Artillery and boats on display. Large tunnels, some being underground piers.
- 4 Siwei Tunnel (四維坑道). On Little Kinmen is even longer and quieter than Zhaishan Tunnel. It's located just to the left of the ferry terminal as you get off.
- 5 Triangle Fortress (三角堡), ☏ 886 8 231 3271. 08:30-17:00. in Guning west of Zi lake (滋湖) to the north of Kincheng, overlooking the passage to Kincheng town between Kinmen and small Kinmen island, with a group of M41 tanks. Line B tourist bus and bus 9.
- 6 Lion Mountain (獅山炮陳地), ☏ 886 8 235 5697. With an underground howitzer base and museum, in Shanhou in the northeast of Kinmen, near Shanhou Culture Village. Bus 31 from Shamei (沙美, bus 5 or 5A from Kincheng to Shamei)
- 7 [dead link]Jiugong tunnel (九宮坑道) (on the neighboring Lieyu island, also part of the Republic of China), ☏ 886 8 236 4405. 08:00-17:00. A small complex of sea tunnels that was used as a material transport pipeline
- 8 Deyue Gun Tower (得月樓). 08:30-27:00. The tower was built in 1931 by Huang Hui-huang, a wealthy merchant from Shuitou.
- 9 Kinmen Military Headquarters of Qing Dynasty (清金門鎮總兵署), ☏ 886 8 237 1717. 09:00-22:00. It was built as a study house during the Ming Dynasty, it was then transformed into the Kinmen Military Headquarters of Qing Dynasty during the rule of the Kangxi Emperor when Commander of Kinmen relocated his office from Jinmencheng to Jincheng.
- 10 Taiwu Martyrs' Shrine (太武忠烈祠).
Culture and architecture
- 11 Kinmen cultural village (金門民俗文化村), ☏ 886 8 235 5347. 08:00-17:00. Also referred to as Shanhou Culture Village (山后民俗文化村), it's a great little place to poke around, with Kinmens 2 best antique stores being located within the walls. It is only NT$50 to get in and a beautiful and well maintained example of South Fujian style traditional Chinese houses with swallow tail roofs and was built towards the end of the 1800s.
- 12 Jinshui Primary School (金水國小). In Shuitou, with a small emigration and overseas Chinese museum. Line A tourist bus and bus 7/7A/7B
- 13 Shuitou Deyue Tower (水頭得月樓). With the surrounding buildings, in Shuitou, previously the highest building in Kinmen, old buildings built by rich overseas Chinese merchants, including a Peranakan family, resulting in a complex of buildings with a mix of local and Western architecture. Line A tourist bus and bus 7/7A/7B
- 14 Gulongtou Zhenwei Residence (古龍頭振威第). A historical building and a good example of the architecture of the time.
- 15 Mashan Broadcasting and Observation Station (馬山觀測站), ☏ 886 8 233 0086. 08:30-17:00. A historical broadcasting station and observation tower in Jinsha Township. The station used to send out propaganda message to the People's Liberation Army soldiers on Mainland China to surrender and join the Republic of China Armed Forces.
- 16 Mofan Street (模範街). The street gets its name from the uniform hybrid architecture of Chinese and Western styles which means Model Street. The 75-m-long street features buildings with brick exteriors and arched door fronts modeled after the Japanese, Fujian and Western architecture. There are 16 buildings at each side connected by a common arcade.
- 17 Xu Jiang Xiao Wo Stone Inscription (虛江嘯臥碣群), ☏ 886 8 232 5643. 24hrs. A large stone inscription which dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
- 18 Chiou Lianggong's Mother Chastity Arch (邱良功母節孝坊), ☏ 886 8 231 8823. 24 hr. A stone arch erected in 1812 by Qiu Liang-gong to honour his mother, who had raised him after his father's early death.
- 19 Chen Jing-lan Western House (陳景蘭洋樓). 08:30-17:30. It was built in 1917 by a local businessperson who built up his success in Singapore. During World War II, the house was used as a military hospital. It is the largest 'Western-style' house in Kinmen.
Temples
Temples can be found everywhere on Kinmen and Little Kinmen, many of which are very tiny and quaint.
- 20 Maoshan Pagoda (茅山塔). Just to the west of Shuitou, it is not particularly impressive structure compared to many pagodas in China/Taiwan, but the views of the surrounding area are quite impressive and it's a very quiet place with very few tourists.
- 21 Wentai Pagoda (文臺寶塔). Erected for the observation of the stars to make feng shui predictions, the tower was erected in 1387.
- 22 Zhu Zi Ci (朱子祠). 09:00-17:00. An ancestral temple of the Zhu family.
- 23 Koxinga Shrine (延平郡王祠), ☏ 886 8 232 5057. A shrine on the western portion of the island dedicated to the military figure Koxinga.
- 24 Dai Tian Fu (代天府), ☏ 886 8 232 5842.
Nature
- The Forest Recreation Area is a must see when visiting Kinmen. Located along Section3, Huandao East Road, this is a multi-purpose area for barbecues, a child playground, botanical gardens, and more.
- During the winter, flocks of migratory birds come to Kinmen and Little Kinmen to nest. They can be seen and heard at the many lakes and ponds on the islands. The Shuangli Wetlands Area is a good place for information and birdwatching. It's in Nanshan village, very close to Beishan and Guningtou Battle Museum and not too far from Zi Lake (Ci Lake). Buses 9/10/11 go there.
- Strolling along any of the beaches is quite peaceful and there are two bonus attractions to be seen: crumbling military fortifications and views of Xiamen, especially from the western shore of Little Kinmen or the northwestern shore of Kinmen.
- 25 Kinmen National Park (金門國家公園), ☏ 886 8 231 3100. 08:00-27:00. Kinmen National Park includes five areas, which are Taiwu Mountain, Kuningtou, Gugang, Mashan Hill and Lieyu. The park covers an area of 35.29 km² or around a quarter of Kinmen County area.
- 26 Gugang Lake (古崗湖), ☏ 886 8 231 3100. The lake features the Gugang Pavilion which was built in 1964 by Zhuang Wu-nan from Tamsui, Taipei. The pavilion is 16 meters in height.
- 27 Jiangong Islet (建功嶼). The island has a statue of Koxinga which was built in 1968 to commemorate the Ming Dynasty hero who led the resistance against Manchurian invaders. The islet also has a viewing platform offers a view of the surrounding area.
- 28 Jincheng Seaside Park (金城海濱休閒公園).
Museums
- 29 Yu Da Wei Xian Sheng Memorial Museum (俞大維先生紀念館), ☏ 886 8 233 0599. A war memorial museum in Zhongzheng Park.
- 30 Guning War History Museum (古寧頭戰史館). On the 1949 battle, including many paintings, tanks, jeeps. The villages next to it (Nanshan and Beishan, 南山/北山) have a few buildings still riddled with bullet holes from the battle. Line B tourist bus and bus 9, 10, and 11.
- 31 Military Brothel Exhibition Hall (特約茶室展示館), ☏ 886 8 233 7839. 08:30-17:00. A small but interesting museum detailing Kinmen's dark and relatively recent past with brothels on the island. Free, open everyday. No.126 Qionglinli Xiaojing, Jinhu Town, in the middle of island. Ask the tourist office at the Jincheng bus station for buses that stop there.
- 32 Hujingtou Battle Museum (湖井頭戰史館), ☏ 886 8 236 4403. 08:30-17:00. The museum displays the battle history, an observation post, and a broadcasting station.
Do
If you can find all 63 "official" wind lion god statues, the ones that are represented in the park, and present proof to the park office, they will give you a special gift.
Buy
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Cleavers are Kinmen's best-known tourist product. They are famous for making excellent quality cleavers; the steel is said to be obtained from the hundreds of thousands of shells that the Communist forces fired at Kinmen, in a failed attempt to take the island away from the Nationalist troops. The most authentic knives and the best place for a factory tour is Maestro Wu's Knives.
It is claimed that a single shell casing can make approximately 60 blades; this is doubtful. Also doubtful is the claim that current blades are made from shell casings, since shelling stopped in the late 1970s.
Finishing quality for cleavers has dropped a lot since the mid-1990s. Even for Maestro Wu's Knife's top selling special-designed cleavers, the words "Made in Kinmen" are barely visible and/or badly engraved. Salespersons were taught to toe the line that "its because the steel's quality is so good that the engraving machine cannot carve the words properly". This is a bad sales tactic and a sorry excuse for a once famous knife brand that was built on quality.
Eat
While Kinmen lacks the high price fancy fare of more populated locales, cheap delicious snack shops are everywhere in the downtown area of Kincheng. Taiwanese favorites such as fried chicken cutlets, fried oyster balls and chow mein can be found without much trouble. Prices average around NT$50 per item which is quite reasonable considering the quality.
Drink
Kinmen is the home of Taiwan's distinctive "Kaoliang" liquor, a tequila-like hard liquor popular all over Taiwan. The factory is located right in the middle of the island, not far from the airport and is hard to miss with its distinctive smell and two two-story liquor bottles guarding the front gates. This is one of the upmarket brands of the widespread Chinese liquor bai jiu; see Chinese cuisine#Alcoholic for background.
- White Lion, jincheng. 18:00-24:00. nice Canadian/Taiwanese owned pub beside temple
Sleep
- Da Jhai Men Homestay, ☏ 886 82-320008. Actually a rather tumbledown hotel, not a homestay, the management is nevertheless very friendly and the location convenient. Double room NT$1200 regular days and NT$1500 weekends and holidays. Location No. 84 Jhushan Village, Jincheng Township, Kinmen.
- Visit Kinmen Guest House is a traditional Kinmen old house restored by Kinmen National Park in Shanhou Village, the north east side. Visit Kinmen Guest House provides a place where travelers can stay with a relaxed atmosphere after exploring the beautiful scenery of Kinmen. The guest house has three double rooms for two people and one family room with twin bed that is good for group of four people, rates from NT$1400–2400. Please find us on web for further information.
- IN99 (near to jincheng bus station, new building), ☏ 886 82 324851. Check-in: 14:00, check-out: 12:00. nice new business hotel in Jincheng NT$1800.
Stay safe
Though formal hostilities with the PRC ended by the early 1980s, Kinmen is still very much a front line area. Visitors are strongly advised not to wander off paved roads when exploring the island due to the possibility of running across old unmarked minefields. It is also advisible to avoid traveling to certain sensitive areas after dark, such as coastal areas or areas near military installations. Visitors should also obey all orders given by military personnel and avoid entering or photographing sensitive areas.
Respect
The Kinmenese are proud of their "Chinese" identity rather than "Taiwanese". As such, in Kinmen, labelling the locals "Taiwanese" would likely cause offence. Likewise, while you are in Kinmen, do not refer to the Republic of China as a whole as "Taiwan". Call the state "Republic of China", and use "Taiwan" only to refer to the island of Taiwan. Likewise, call the local dialect "Kinmenese", "Min Nan", or "Quemoy" rather than "Taiwanese".
Political issues, especially Taiwan independence, are best avoided. Although most residents of the island are strongly opposed to Taiwanese independence, that does not mean they support the People's Republic of China government in Beijing; they are proud citizens of the Taiwan-based Republic of China.
Go next
There are two choices; Taiwan is easily reached by plane, and Xiamen in mainland China is accessible by ferry. To go to Xiamen, holders of most passports need to already have a Chinese visa; there is no office to issue them on Kinmen.