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| Location | |
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| Ensign | |
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| Basic information | |
| Capital | Beirut |
| Goverment | Confessionalist republic |
| Currency | Lebanese pound (LBP) |
| Area | total: 10,452 km2 country: 170 km2 soil: 10,230 km2 |
| Population | 4,424,050 (2006 estimate) |
| Language | Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian |
| Power system | 110-220V/50Hz (European and British sockets) |
| Phone number | 961 |
| Internet TLD | .lb |
| time zone | UTC 2 |
Republic of Lebanon (French: Lebanon; Arabic: الجمهوريّة اللبنانيّة Al-Jumhuriyah al-Lubnaniya, Vietnamese transliteration: Lebanon; Sino-Vietnamese sound is Le Ba Non) is a small country in the Middle East. Lebanon has many mountains, located next to the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south, has a narrow coastline along its western boundary. The Lebanese flag features a blue Lebanese cedar on a white background, and two red stripes of a quarter height.
overview
History
From the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC, the Canaanites and Phoenicians invaded the coastal regions and established city-states (Babylon, Berytos, Sidon and Tyr). From the 7th century BC, to the 1st century BC, this territory in turn fell under the rule of the Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, and Greek empires, and then merged into the Syrian province controlled by the Romans. Ma (1st century BC), Byzantine. In the 7th century, the Arab conquest pushed Christian communities into the mountains. The region was occupied by the Francs (1098-1291), then by the Egyptians before falling completely under Ottoman rule (1516).
Since the 17th century, the Druze sultanates have united the mountains of Lebanon and sought autonomy, while the influence of the Maronite Catholic community has grown. In 1861, following conflicts between the Muslim community and the Catholic community, France intervened to protect Catholics and established the autonomous region of Mont-Lebanon for Catholics in 1864. After the World War First, Lebanon became a mandated territory of France. In 1943, Lebanon declared its independence. A "National Pact" was signed to maintain a balance of political power between the Sunni, Shia and Druze Muslim communities, Greek Orthodox and Armenian Orthodox. The office of President belongs to a member of the Maronite community by virtue of a Christian majority, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers is a Shia Muslim; The Speaker of the National Assembly is a Sunni Muslim.
In 1945, Lebanon joined the Arab Union.
Economic prosperity was accompanied by increased social injustices that gave rise to tensions between communities, leading to the first civil war in 1958. U.S. troops were sent in at the request of President Camille Chamoun. and withdrew after the formation of a new government.
In 1967, after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Palestinians massively fled to Lebanon. The presence of some 350,000 Palestinian refugees and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) deported by Jordan (1970-1971) caused a second civil war to break out in 1976. The situation was aggravated when Syrian army presence in part of Lebanon (1976) and Israeli military intervention (1978). In 1982, the Israeli army blockaded the capital Beyrouth and drove out the armed forces of the PLO. In 1985, the Israeli army withdrew from Lebanon, but maintained a presence in the southern part of the territory, known as the "safe zone". As the civil war continued, the situation was further complicated by confrontations between different Muslim leanings. Since 1985, the Islamic group Hezbollah has increased its number of Western hostage cases. This situation led the Syrian army to return to occupy West Beyrouth in 1987. The term of President Amine Gemayel ended in 1988 but there was no election of a successor. Two governments were formed: a civilian and Muslim government led by Selim Hoss based in West Beyrouth, the other a military and Christian government led by General Michel Aoun based in West Beyrouth. headquarters in East Beyrouth. In 1989, Elias Hraoui became President. The new 1990 constitution established the Second Republic in Lebanon and re-accredited the agreements signed in Taif in 1989. The agreement signed in Taif was intended to restore the balance of legal representation between the communities. The Muslim community and the Christian community in which the Lebanese army is backed by Syria ended General Aoun's confrontation. In 1991, the Treaty of Damascus established Syria's protectorate in Lebanon. In 1996, the war between Hezbollah and the Israeli army raged again in southern Lebanon. In May 2000, the Israeli army withdrew from southern Lebanon, but the conflict between Israel and the Islamic group Hezbollah continued.
The assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on 2 February 2005 sparked protests against the Syrian army presence in Lebanon and forced Syria to withdraw its troops from Lebanon in April 2005. May and June In 2005, Lebanon held the first parliamentary elections after the civil war without foreign interference, leading to a victory for the coalition of Saad Hariri (son of former Prime Minister Hariri was murdered) accounting for nearly two-thirds. number of seats in the National Assembly. After 18 months of political crisis and 6 months of vacancy, the Lebanese Parliament elected Mr. Michel Suleiman as the new President, ending the above political crisis.
Region
Lebanon is divided into 5 regions:
City
- Beirut (Arabic: بيروت, romanized: Bayrūt), sometimes referred to by its French name Beyrouth, is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.
- Baalbek - Roman and Phoenician archaeological sites
- Byblos (Joubeil) - city with many monuments, castles and museums
- Jezzine - The southern tourist city of La Nang with many summer resorts
- Jounieh - many beach resorts and nightclubs
- Sidon (Saida) - there are many medieval ruins
- Tripoli (Trablus) - still preserved despite a large number of tourists
- Tire (Sour) - there are many ancient sites, including the Roman Hippodrome which is a UNESCO heritage site
- Zahle - capital of the valley 4nh Bekaa
Other destinations
- Batroûn - an old city on the Mediterranean coast, with a city center offering many restaurants, cafes, bars, and nightclubs.
- Bcharre - Surrounded by mountains, it's a gateway to Cedars God Forest and Cedars ski slopes.
- Ehden - mountain town with beautiful landscape and several attractions. It is home for Ehden to preserve nature.
- Barouk - Famous for its cedar forest.
- Jeita - Known for caves
- Kadisha Valley - You can visit the home of the late Lebanese poet Khalil Gibran.
- Beiteddine - Famous for the palace
- Deir el Qamar - Traditional village in Chouf district.
- Baskinta - village at the foot of the Sannine mountain.
- Qornet El-Sawda - the highest peak in the country.
- Mzaar Kfardebiane - Known for its ski slopes.
- Qaraoun - Known for the lakes located in the Beqaa valley.
- Kefraya - Known for its vineyards.
- Brummana - A traditional town often considered a summer resort with pleasant weather, breathtaking views of Beirut and a good nightlife.
- Al Shouf Cedar nature reserve - this nature reserve covers 550 square kilometers. From Niha, Barouk, Maaser el Shouf, Ain Zhalta and Aammiq.
Arrive
By air
By train
By car
By bus
By boat
Go
Language
The official languages of Lebanon are Standard Arabic and the indigenous Lebanese Arabic, which is similar to the Arabic of Syria, Jordan and Palestine.
Most Lebanese speak standard Arabic while many others speak French or English.
Shopping
Expense
Food
Drinks
Accommodation
Learn
Do
Safe
Medical
To respect
Contact
 | Wikipedia has articles about Lebanon |