London - Lontoo

London (London) [1] is Of the United Kingdom mixed English capital.

Understand

What has been said about London "Why, Sir, you find no man, at all Intellectual, who is willing to leave London. No, Sir, when a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for there is in London all that life can afford. "- Samuel Johnson

London is Western Europe the biggest city. The city is officially home to about 7.5 million people, but the London area has a population of closer to 14 million. Rising along the River Thames, London is one of the most important cities in the world, for historical, political and economic reasons. London hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics and became the first city in the world to host the Olympics three times.

History

There was a Bronze Age settlement in the London area long before the founding of the Roman Empire. However, it was not until the Romans conquered much of Britain in 43 AD that the condition for urban settlement arose. LondiniumThe city was named after the Romans until 410 AD, when the city was taken over by the Anglo-Saxons and Normans. They created an important trading post for the city and the English capital was moved From Winchester to its current location. In the 14th and 17th centuries, epidemics plagued London as well as other major European cities.

All the Districts of London are clearly different from each other, due to the fact that when the Roman Empire was founded, London was made up of small villages that later merged into Greater London.

As the importance of England grew, so did London, first as a leading city in Europe and later in the world. The growth of the British Empire in the 19th century also prospered the capital of the empire and influenced people and influences from all over the world. Despite the subsequent collapse of the empire and the incessant bombing of Nazi Germany in World War II, London is still one of the world’s leading cities.

Come

By plane

There are a total of six airports in London (common code:LON); Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, City and Southend, the latter of which currently only serves domestic flights. Getting around between the fields and the city has been made quite easy. Several buses, trains and Tube lines provide relatively fast connections to almost all of London. In addition to the six official airports, there are several other airports around London that are mainly operated by smaller low-cost airlines.

Heathrow

Heathrow (ICAO: EGLL, DATE: LHR) [2] is the largest airport in Europe and also the busiest in the world in terms of the number of passengers. There are five terminals at the airport. Three airlines fly from Helsinki to Heathrow Airport; Finnair uses Terminal 3, and British Airways mainly uses the new Terminal 5. Flight delays are not unusual due to the large volume of air traffic.

You can get out of the field with several different connections:

• The fastest: Heathrow Expresstrain to Paddington station. The journey takes 15 minutes and the train runs for 15 minutes. alternately, one way £ 16.50, return £ 32.
• The cheapest: Piccadilly line to central London by London Underground, 50 min. The cheapest can be reached by asking Oyster card. Individual trips with £ 3.5 oyster (requires £ 3 deposit, refundable at end of stay) and £ 4 paper ticket.
• The most comfortable: First the Heathrow Express to Paddington, from where take a taxi to your final destination. A taxi ride from Heathrow directly to central London takes around an hour (may vary depending on congestion), £ 45-60
• From door to door: Dot2Dot offers a Heathrow shuttle service to central London.
• In addition: Heathrow Connect -road connection. The route is the same as on the Heathrow Express, but the journey time is longer due to the fact that the train also stops at other stations.
• South London: If you are traveling to Clapham or Waterloo in south London, take bus 285 (or taxi) to Feltham Station (20 mins), and & Post ="> SouthWest Trains train to Clapham Junction or Waterloo.

Gatwick

Gatwick (DATE: LGW, ICAO: EGKK) [3] is London 's second largest airport. Norwegian flies from Helsinki to Gatwick.

There are a few different options for accessing the city center:

• Gatwick Express is an express train that travels to Victoria Station in London. The interval is 15 minutes and the journey takes about 35-40 minutes. The price of a one-way journey in a second-class wagon is £ 19.90 (€ 24.5) and a return journey is £ 34.90 (€ 43).
• Southern Rail trains run to Victoria Station via Clapham Junction approximately every 15 minutes. The journey takes about 35-40 minutes. It’s a little slower than the Gatwick Express, but it’s also reflected in the price; a one-way trip costs £ 9.
• First Capital Connect (Thameslink) lines run from Gatwick Station through London Bridge, City Thameslink and City Thameslink, Farringdon and Kings Cross stations all the way through North London to Luton and beyond.
• By road, Gatwick Field is 47 miles south of London.

Stansted

Stansted (ICAO: EGSS, DATE: STN)[4] is the third largest airport in London and especially popular with low cost airlines.

There are a few different options for accessing the city center:

• Stansted Express - Direct train service to Liverpool Street Station. Trains leave every 15-30 minutes and the journey takes 45-60 minutes. The trip costs £ 15/25 one way / round trip, so this is both the most expensive and the fastest option. If the destination of the trip is in West or South London, you may want to stay away from Tottenham Hale and continue by Tube.
• Terravision[5] - Direct bus to Bishopsgate (next to Liverpool St station) and Victoria Bus Terminal. Shifts every hour, duration 75 min, £ 8 / £ 15 return / return to Victoria, £ 6.70 / £ 11.80 to Liverpool Street.
• National Express Bus[6] - buses every half hour to Victoria (90 min, £ 10 / £ 16) and Stratford (hour, £ 8 / £ 14). The route is often congested.
• Even by taxi can be reached, but rarely by bus, and the price easily accumulates £ 70. It makes more sense to take the train to Liverpool Street and continue from there by taxi.

Luton

Luton Airport, just over 50 miles north of downtown, is mostly used by low-cost airlines. Wizz Air from Turku flies to Luton.

London City

A smaller field near the center that is used by smaller / short distance machines. No direct flights from Finland.

By train

London is the hub of British rail transport so you can get to London by train from virtually anywhere in the UK. International train services pass through the Eurotunnel below the English Channel and on these Eurostar high-speed trains [7] can get to London From Paris and From Brussels in about two hours. Ticket prices start at around 100 euros per way, although the website has many different offers (round trip, train to hotel, etc.).

By road

It is not worth coming to central London by car. In addition to the congestion charge and congestion, parking spaces are by card and parking rates are quite high. The motorway around London is called ‘Britain’s biggest car park’ and left-hand traffic at least doesn’t make driving easier. Rental car prices are at the London level.

Move

Transport for London Homepage: http://www.tfl.gov.uk/

By underground

Metro ie underground or tube[8] is a good way to travel longer distances in London, as traffic jams are common. A single ticket costs £ 4 and allows you to travel once from anywhere to anywhere, but it is not worth buying if you plan to travel more than once on the same day. For as little as £ 5.30, you get a one-area off-Peak ticket to travel within one area (most major travel destinations are within the number one area). Off-Peak tickets are not allowed to travel during peak hours. A single-area ticket that allows you to travel even during peak hours costs £ 6.40. The price of a one-day off-Peak ticket for areas 1-6 is just £ 7. Tickets are purchased from vending machines at the stations. There is an 11-line metro:

• Bakerloo Line
• Central Line
• Circle Line
• District Line
• Hammersmith & City Line
• Jubilee Line
• Metropolitan Line
• Northern Line
• Piccadilly Line
• Victoria Line
• Waterloo & City Line

Each station has a port to which the ticket is entered. Don’t throw away the ticket, because to get out of the subway station you also need to enter the ticket at a similar port! It is a good idea to book your ticket well in advance so that it is available quickly. Give other people room to move so others can get in or out of the train. Be careful when the subway doors close! Subways run every 2-5 minutes except during peak times, when metros may come a little late. Please note that during peak times, the metros may be really full and no vacancies can be found.

By bus

For short trips, a bus is often a faster option than a subway and the ticket price is lower. A single trip costs £ 2 in cash and £ 0.90 in Oyster.

By taxi

Taxi Black Cab is a good option for getting around even though a small trip can cost a lot. British taxis have a meter, so no price is agreed. Visa Electron is not accepted as a method of payment.

By road

Those driving in central London will be charged a congestion charge on weekdays between 07:00 and 18:00 [9]which is £ 8-10.

Walking

Shorter trips fold easily on foot. When crossing the street, London pedestrians rarely wait for the green light, but walk briskly towards the red if there are no cars coming. Keep in mind that UK traffic is on the left, and that on a two-way street, cars are coming from the “wrong” direction!

See

• Big Ben and Westminster Hall, perhaps London's most famous attraction. Westminster Hall with its towers could be thought of as a church, but it is the British Parliament.
• Buckingham Palace
• Tower Castle[10], a more than 900 - year - old castle that preserves crown jewels. Admission costs £ 16.50.
• Tower Bridge, The bridge over the River Thames next to the Tower.
• Trafalgar Square and the statue of Lord Nelson
• Leicester Square
• Piccadilly Circus, a market known especially for its neon signs and advertising screens.
• St Paul's Cathedral, a large cathedral in east London
• Royal Albert Hall, performed at the scene, for example, Pink Floyd and Led Zeppelin.
• Portobello Road
• Hyde Park, the largest park in the center.
• Regent's Park
• Chinatown, may not be as spectacular as the Chinese metropolitan areas of the US metropolitan areas, but still a slightly different part of London.
• Westminster Abbey, near Cathedral of Westminster Hall.
• Harrods department store (see Buy) is not only a department store but also an attraction. The nearest tube station is Knightsbridge.
• King's Cross Station is one of London’s most important train stations.

Tea

• Madame Tussaud's wax cabinet, Marylebone Road. The nearest subway station is Baker Street. 
• British Museum, Great Russell Street. 10-17.30. The nearest Tube stations are Holborn, Tottenham Court Road and Russell Square. Free. 
• Tate Modern. Museum of Modern Art. The nearest tube stations are Blackfriars and Southwark. 
• Sherlock Holmes Museum, 221b Baker Street, ☎ 44 20 7935 8866. The ticket costs £ 6. 
• London Eye. The world's third tallest ferris wheel along the River Thames. 
• London Zoo. The nearest tube station is Camden Town. 
• London Dungeon. The nearest tube station is London Bridge Station. 
• Shakespeare's Globe Theater, 21 New Globe Walk. 
• Boat trip on the river Thames. The route runs between London Eye and Tower Castle. The journey takes about half an hour in one direction. Adult ticket one way £ 6. 
• HMS Belfast. A World War II cruiser that now serves as a museum. The nearest Tube stations are London Bridge and Tower Hill. Adult £ 13.5, (also with a Finnish student card) £ 10.80. 
• Science Museum, Exhibition Road. London Science Museum. The nearest tube station is South Kensington. Free. 
• Imperial War Museum, Lambeth Road. 10.00 - 18.00. London War Museum. Nearest tube stations are Lambeth North, Waterloo, Southwark, Elephant & Castle. Free. 
• Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road. London Natural History Museum. The nearest tube station is South Kensington. Free. 
• Sea Life. Aquarium. The nearest tube stations are Westminster and Waterloo. Westminster Bridge Road. 

Buy

You will definitely find everything in London, but the prices are very high in some places.

Oxford Street is London's largest shopping street. The most expensive fashion stores and many other shops are located on a street more than two kilometers long. Along the street you can find e.g. Debenhamsin [11], Marks & Spencerin [12] and Selfridgesin [13] department stores. There are several small upper-end clothing stores on New Bond Street.

• Soho district, a treasure trove of alternative music and clothing.
• Harrods, 87-135 Brompton Road, ☎ 44 20 7730 1234. One of London's best known and most expensive department stores. There is no access to the mini skirt above or the backpack on the back. The department store is very impressive both inside and out and the department store products are very luxurious and expensive. 
• Hamleys, 188–196 Regent Street. The world's largest toy store.
• Evans Cycles, The Cavern, 1 Market Street. London's largest bicycle shop, for both off-road and road cycling. One of the many movements in the big chain [14], Even in London, therefore.
• Cyclesurgery, 12-13 Bishops Square. Another serious enthusiast's fill store right next to the Evans store mentioned above and also part of a big chain [15].
• Camden Town, Camden Lock Market is always a place worth visiting.
• Covent Garden
• Regent Street
• Chelsea
• Portobello Road A long, unique shopping street. Pubs as well as small shops several miles away.
• Primark Cheap and great clothing store on Oxford Street

Eat

There are a huge variety of restaurants in London offering a variety of cuisines to suit all tastes. In some places, eating is really expensive. International fast food chains frequently have offices in London and food prices are not higher than in Finland.

Cheap

• China China, 3 Gerrard St (Leicester Square), ☎ 44 20 7439 7502. China China offers Hong Kong-style meat and rice-focused food. fair dose £ 5. 
• Chopstix Noodle Bar, Westminster Bridge Road (South Bank). Asian buffet restaurant next to London Eye. Oriental buffet £ 6.99. 
• The George, 213 The Strand (Covent Garden), ☎ 44 20 7353 9638. Founded in 1723 and not much has changed in this old pub which also offers affordable and good food. 

Mid-priced

• Andrew Edmunds, 46 Lexington St W1R 3LH (SOHO). High-quality restaurant in Sohol, table reservation recommended. about £ 25 / person. 
• Angus Steak House, 10 Woodstock Street, 50 Leicester Square. A steakhouse chain with several outlets around the city. 
• Busaba Eathai, 106-110 Wardour St W1F 0TR (SOHO), ☎ 44 20 7255 8686. 12-23. One of the best restaurants on a good restaurant street. Casual mood and wooden tables (be prepared to share a table if your party is small). The menu includes fine curry with nuts and squash. main courses £ 14-20. 
• The Waterway, 54-56 Formosa Street, London, W9 2JU (Paddington, tube: Warwick Avenue), ☎ 44 20 7266 3557, e-mail: [email protected]. Elegant restaurant next to the canal in Little Venice. Outdoor catering in summer. European menu. main courses £ 15-20. 

Price methods

• Joe Allen, 13 Exeter Street, WC2E 7DT (tube: Covent Garden), ☎ 44 20 7836 0651, e-mail: [email protected]. A legendary bistro that's hard to find for the first time - look for a dark door with a simple tin plate on the north side of Exeter Street. The food is American-style barbecue food using only the best ingredients. For celebrities, table reservation is recommended. 
• OXO Tower Restaurant Bar & Brasserie, 8F, OXO Tower Wharf, Barge House St (South Bank, tube: Waterloo), ☎ 44 20 7803 3888, e-mail: [email protected]. Mon-Sat 12-14: 30, 18: 30-23: 00, Sun 12-15, 18: 30-10. Great views from the OXO Tower, great food and a selection of wines. 
• Pearl Restaurant, 252 High Holborn, WC1V 7EN (tube: Holborn), ☎ 44 20 7829 7000, e-mail: [email protected]. Mon-Fri 12-14: 30, 18-22, Sat 18-22. Modern international restaurant. Two-course menu £ 47. 
• Pied a Terre, 34 Charlotte Street, W1T 2NH (Bloomsbury, rooms: Goodge St), ☎ 44 20 7636 1178, e-mail: [email protected]. Mon-Fri 12: 15-14: 30, 18: 15-22: 30. French-style 2-Michelin-starred restaurant. Appetizer and main course £ 56.60. 

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Cafes

• Café in the Crypt, Trafalgar Sq (Leicester Square). In the basement of St Martin-in-the-Fields Church where you can eat and drink ... in a basement-like setting. 
• Cafe Valentino, 13a Greek St W1D 4DN (SOHO), ☎ 44 20 7437 8837. Open late. A small cafe in SOHO. 
• Carluccio's Caffè, St. Christopher’s Place (Mayfair), ☎ 44 20 7935 5927. Mon-Fri 8-23, Sat 9-23, Sun 10-22. Italian cafe / restaurant. Free wine glass for food customers. food £ 6-15. 

Bars & pubs

London is perhaps the most famous pub city in the world. Pubs are like a second home for the British. Most pubs are only open until 22:00.

• Fitzroy Tavern, 16 Charlotte St, W1T 2NA (Bloomsbury, rooms: Goodge St), ☎ 44 20 7580 3714. The pub, often favored by author and journalist Georg Orwell and owned by the Samuel Smith brewery, makes good and affordable beer. Terrace in summer. 
• Porterhouse, 21-22 Maiden Ln (Covent Garden), ☎ 44 20 7379 7917. A modern multi-room and multi-storey pub with a selection of over a hundred beers. 
• Spread Eagle, 8 Woodstock Street (Mayfair). Centrally located on the corner of the shopping street Oxford Street and Woodstock Street, a pub opposite Debenham Department Store. 
• The Red Lion, Whitehall (Westminster, between Parliament and 10 Downing Street). Popular with politicians and political commentators. Television shows the debates of the House of Commons and there is a bell ringing to signal to politicians that they should go back to Parliament to vote on something. 
• The College Arms, 18 Store St, WC1E 7DH (Bloomsbury, rooms: Goodge St), ☎ 44 872 148 2469. A popular pub for students near University College London and Birkbeck College. 
• The Tottenham, 6 Oxford St W1D 2DN (SOHO, on the corner of Oxford Street opposite Tottenham Court Road Tube Station). Just renovated and claims to be the only pub on Oxford Street. "Tourist" but still in a good location. 
• White Hart, 121 Bishopsgate (City, rooms: Liverpool St). A typical City pub that is a little more affordable. The terrace is open all year round. £ 2.80 pint. 

Nightclubs

London’s nightlife is colorful and wild. The best outlets can be found in the city center.

• Fabric, 77a Charterhouse St (Holborn Clerkenwell), ☎ 44 20 7336 8898. To-Sat, times change. A massive club with the biggest stars of techno music as artists. The queues are long, so come on time. admission £ 12-15. 
• Ronnie Scott's Jazz Bar, 47 Frith St W1D 4HT (SOHO), ☎ 44 20 7439 0747, e-mail: [email protected]. Mon-Sat 20: 30-03, music live 21: 45-02. World famous jazz club non-members Mon-Thu £ 20, Fri Sat £ 25; members Mon-Thu £ 5, Fri-Sat £ 10 (membership fee £ 60 / year). 

Sleep

There are hundreds and hundreds of hotels in London. You can stay in a 4-star hotel, rent a room in someone's apartment or sleep in B&B motels. Prices vary tremendously between different options.

Cheap

• City YMCA (City, rooms: Moorgate, Barbican and Old St). Two YMCA-run hostels in London City. Good value for money. Tourists can help with the YMCA’s volunteer work. from £ 128 / week. 
• Excelsior Hotel, 42 Argyle Sq WC1H 8AL (Bloomsbury, rooms: King's Cross St Pancras), ☎ 44 20 7837 0571, e-mail: [email protected]. An affordable hotel in a quiet location near King's Cross Station. Rooms have internet access. From £ 59. 
• Miter House Hotel, 178-186 Sussex Gardens (Paddington, 5 minutes walk from Paddington Station), ☎ 44 20 7723 8040. Two star hotel. 
• St Paul's Youth Hostel, 36 Carter Ln (City, tube: St Paul's), ☎ 44 870 770 5764, e-mail: [email protected]. One of the oldest buildings in the City is a hostel. Affordable for its location, many rooms of different sizes. dorm with breakfast from £ 18.95. 

Mid-priced

• Euston Square Hotel, 152-156 North Gower Street NW1 2LU (Bloomsbury, tube: Euston), ☎ 44 20 7388 0099. Completely renovated in 2008. from £ 87. 
• Lincoln House Hotel, 33 Gloucester Pl (Marble Arch). 3-star hotel near Madame Tussauds, Sherlock Holmes Museum and Hyde Park Corner. about £ 79. 
• Mermaid Suites Hotel, 3-4 Blenheim Street (Mayfair), ☎ 44 20 7629 1875, e-mail: [email protected]. Mid-range hotel close to Oxford Street and New Bond Street. 
• MiNC Eagle Court, Eagle Court 10-11 Britton Street, EC1M 5QD (Holborn Clerkenwell, tube: Farringdon), ☎ 44 20 7397 1325, e-mail: [email protected]. Studio, one and two room apartment hotel. from £ 99. 
• Quality Crown Hotel Paddington, 144 Praed St (Paddington, tube: Paddington), ☎ 44 20 7706 8888, e-mail: [email protected]. Good price / quality ratio. Small rooms but otherwise a functional and clean hotel. 1hh £ 70, 2hh £ 120. 

Price methods

• Malmaison London, Charterhouse Sq (City, tube: Barbican, Farringdon), ☎ 44 20 7012 3700, e-mail: [email protected]. Well located and friendly staff. 
• The Ritz Hotel London (The Ritz), 150 Piccadilly, W1J 9BR (Mayfair), ☎ 44 20 7493 8181. A legendary ultra-luxury hotel that has been operating for over a hundred years. A good choice if only the best is good enough and money is not an obstacle. If you can’t afford to stay at the Ritz, you can head to the afternoon tea, though that event should also be dressed appropriately. from £ 295, without breakfast. 
• The Russell Hotel, 1-8 Russell Square WC1B 5BE (Bloomsbury, rooms: Russell Square), ☎ 44 20 7837 6470. Luxury hotel on the east side of Russell Square in a Gothic building. Favored by families. The hotel is of a high standard; the ballroom was designed by the same architect who designed the Titanic ballroom and the hotel is centrally located so the prices are in line with that. 
• The Savoy, The Strand (Covent Garden), ☎ 44 20 7836 4343. Opened in 1889, Savoy is one of London’s most famous hotels. In the heart of the West End theater district, this hotel has good city views and several restaurants. 

• The Soho Hotel, 4 Richmond Mews, W1D 3DH (SOHO, on a small street between Dean St and Wardour Street.), ☎ 44 20 7559 3000, e-mail: [email protected]. General boutique hotel in an old building. All the comforts of a five star hotel. from £ 280. 

Stay safe

You should avoid late trains and subways. The handbag should be taken care of and the valuables should be left at the hotel.

Especially in the eastern and northern parts of the city, moving alone should be avoided when it gets dark.

Stay healthy

There are no real health risks in London. You should get a European Union health insurance card for the trip [16] which allows free medical treatment if something nasty happens. There are two emergency numbers, 112 and 999.

Take contact

• Internet cafes is abundant in London. An hour of surfing usually costs a pound or two.
• FinlandFinnish Embassy, 38 Chesham Pl SW1X 8HW, ☎ 44 20 7838 6200. 

Continue your journey

• Stonehenge - An ancient stone monument on the UNESCO World Heritage List about 100 kilometers southwest.If you travel by train, the journey is Salisbury through which in turn you can see the tallest cathedral in England.
• Sealand - A micro-state located 100 kilometers northeast of the North Sea near Harwich.
• Manchester, Birmingham and other Great Britain.
• Brussels and Paris are a couple of hours by train.

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