Strzyżów is a village in Horodło commune located over Bug on the border with Ukraine on the border of Grzęda Horodelska and Kotlina Hrubieszowska. With the coordinates: latitude 50 ° 50′26.42 ″ N and longitude 24 ° 02′04.59 ″ E entirely located on the Lublin Upland and almost entirely below 200 m above sea level.
Characteristic
It used to exist as the Strzyżów Commune (from 1870 the Horodło Commune) - a former rural commune in the Lublin region. The seat of the commune authorities was in Strzyżów.
The commune of Strzyżów was one of 13 rural communes of the Hrubieszów poviat of the Lublin governorate [1]. Most probably around 1870 the Strzyżów commune changed its name and seat to the Horodło commune. Population (2005) -1550 inhabitants, postal code 22-525 Strzyżów. You can often find information that in the vicinity of Strzyżów there is the most eastern end of Poland. In fact, it is located about 8 km east of Strzyżów, in the bend of the Bug in the village of Zosin, near the border crossing to Ukraine, to Ustyluh.
History
On the basis of archaeological excavations, it was found that the beginning of the settlement should be dated to the 9th century AD. In the 12th and 13th centuries there was a defensive watchtower here, of which a conical earthen embankment has remained. The first information about the village appears in Old Russian hramoty. This document mentions the granting of the village to the ruler of Chełm by prince Jerzy Chełmski in 1376 (this document is considered forged). Probably Władysław Jagiełło did not recognize this grant, as the village remained the royal property. It was not until 1462 that King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk granted Strzyżów to Jan Łażniewski. In 1493, John's grandson, also John, framed his wife for 800 fines of dowry and a dowry in Steniatyn and Strzyżów.
According to the register from 1531, there was an Orthodox church and a mill in the village. The first reference to the church in Strzyżów comes from 1507. Another church was built in 1724, and in 1817 another church was built to replace the existing one. In 1875, after the liquidation of the Uniate diocese of Chełm, the church was converted into the Orthodox one. A wooden church from 1817 stands to this day, currently used as a Roman Catholic church.
In the years 1851-1858 there was a Uniate parish school in Strzyżów, established after the liquidation of the former elementary school. In the first half of the 18th century, the owner of Strzyżów was the starost of Wołkowski, Aleksander Pociej. The village was given to his daughter Ludwika Honorata as a dowry, from around 1740 she was married to prince Stanisław Lubomirski, voivode of Bracław, and later of Kiev. In the years 1762-1786 a two-story palace was built, which has survived to this day.
In the nineteenth century, there was a distillery in Strzyżów, and in 1899 a sugar factory was established, which bought the manor property at an auction in the 1930s.
In 1921, the village was inhabited by 921 residents, including 687 Ukrainians and 68 Jews, while the factory settlement of the sugar factory was inhabited by 173 residents, including 43 Ukrainians and 6 Jews.
During World War II, UPA militias destroyed the local school. After the arrival of the Soviet army, in 1944 the existing church was renamed the Roman Catholic church, initially serving as the church of the Horodło parish. On February 10, 1947, the bishop of Lublin, Stefan Wyszyński, established a parish in Strzyżów under the invocation of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
It is also worth mentioning the history of the only plant in the commune which in its heyday employs over 350 people.
The history of the Strzyżów Sugar Plant
Construction of the Sugar Factory Strzyżów S.A. was started in 1898 by the local landowners: Edward Chrzanowski, Eng. Rulikowski, Józef Piotrkowski, Śląski, Rzewuski and Czartoryski, who then established a joint stock company. In 1901, the construction was completed and the first campaign took place in the fall of that year - the sugar factory had the capacity to process about 400 tons of beets per day. 3,000 tons, a workshop building, effects warehouse and others, three eight-family one-story buildings for craftsmen were also built and the existing farm buildings were adapted for the needs of the remaining sugar factory staff. In 1920, Spółka Akcyjna chose a Shareholder in the person of a wealthy Warsaw industrialist, Werner, and the reconstruction of the sugar factory commenced. Some machines and devices were renovated, while most were purchased and imported from the now non-existent Kowalewo Sugar Factory. The Strzyżów sugar factory was reopened in the fall of 1922. As a result of changes in technical equipment, the sugar factory, after reconstruction, had a processing capacity of 500-600 tons of beet per day. In 1926, further expansion was started, as part of which, instead of Fairbarna boilers, 2 Steimmler boilers with a pressure of 12 atmospheres were installed. A new Belgian-type limestone kiln was also built - a shaft kiln with a capacity of 63 m³. The joint stock company Cukrownia Strzyżów purchased and designated for demolition the Sugar Factory Nieledew, taking over its plantations and thus increasing the amount of raw material necessary for the Sugar Factory Strzyżów after the reconstruction. Further modernization of the sugar plant took place in the years 1938-1939. A characteristic feature of the reconstruction carried out at that time was the electrification of the sugar plant and a significant increase in the processing capacity from 700 to 1000 tons of beet per day. As part of the reconstruction of the plant, the boiler house was expanded, in which a Babock-Zieleniewski boiler was installed for a working pressure of 25 atm .. and a capacity of 25 t / h of steam. A 1600 kW "Stal" turbogenerator was also purchased and installed.
In 1939, as a result of the war, some of the equipment and technical materials were stolen from the Sugar Factory, which made it impossible to carry out the sugar campaign. The purchased sugar beets were partially sold to the Klemensów Sugar Factory, and the remaining amount was sold to agricultural distilleries and for livestock feed at growers. Due to the establishment of the border on the Bug River by the occupiers, the Sugar Factory was deprived of a railway connection. Instead, a narrow-gauge railway connection from Hrubieszów to Strzyżów was built. After the outbreak of the German-Soviet war in 1941, a bridge over the Bug River was built and the broad-gauge siding was reopened. The first sugar-making campaign began in 1940 under the leadership of MSc. Bolesław Peretjakiewicz. During the occupation, there were four campaigns in total. In the spring of 1944, an SS member named Schoff, who came from a sugar factory located in the former eastern territories of Poland, was delegated by the occupation authorities to the position of the Director of the Sugar Factory Strzyżów. Under his leadership, in accordance with the occupant's orders, the most important devices were dismantled and exported to Germany.
The first sugar campaign after the liberation was carried out only in the fall of 1946. The new turbine set was brought from Sweden and other devices were collected all over Poland. In 1948, a new sugar warehouse with a capacity of 6,000 tons, a dried pulp warehouse with a capacity of 1,700 tons were built, a new OSR boiler was installed and the boiler house was expanded. In 1960, the sugar plant harvested over 150,000 tonnes from its own plantations. The daily throughput at that time was 1050 tons. Hence, in order to optimize the duration of the sugar campaign, it was necessary to transport approximately 50,000 tonnes of beetroot annually by rail to sugar factories in western Poland, including Lower Silesia. The duration of the campaigns ranged from 95-100 days on average. In order to increase the processing capacity and use the contracted beetroots, a thorough expansion of the Sugar Plant is planned in two stages.
In the years 1960-1966, a new production building was built and new equipment was installed, including: boilers, mixers, pumps, transport and segregation devices, etc., sugar dryers, silos, Rapido scales, Testina bag stitchers. The turbine building was also rebuilt and a second 2MW Brno-type turbine set. After completion and the reconstruction stage in 1967, the sugar campaign lasted 136 days and processed 219,889 tons of beet with an average daily throughput of 1,653 tons. 27,365 tonnes were produced. white sugar In the years 1967-1970, 1977-1980 and 1981-1997, new investments and equipment modernization were implemented (construction of a turbine plant, pulp briquetting plant, construction of a new boiler room with flue gas desulphurization, construction of a new biological and mechanical sewage treatment plant, construction of a cooling tower and modernization of most of the equipment ) made it possible to achieve the target processing capacity of 3,000 tonnes of beet per day.
Drive
Direct buses run several times a day and more often several bus lines from Hrubieszow74 national road leading to the border crossing with Ukraine in Zosin, and several times by rail to Hrubieszów and Werbkowice. [1].
Worth seeing
- Late-Baroque palace from the 18th century - built in 1762-1786 by the Principality of Ludwika Honorata and Stanisław Lubomirski, then rebuilt in 1836 after a fire by the Ożarowski family. On both sides of the palace there are pavilions from the second half of the 18th century, the western one served as a chapel, and the eastern one served as a storeroom. After the end of World War II, the palace was the seat of the Border Protection Forces. The office of the Strzyżów Sugar Plant has been located in the palace since the beginning of the 1960s.
- A wooden Roman Catholic church (from 1947) - formerly an Orthodox church, built in 1817 in place of the previous church (from 1724). It is a wooden building with a carcass construction, single-nave, glazed, with a barrel vault inside.
Celebrities
Mieczysław G. Bekker (1905–1989) was an outstanding Polish engineer and scientist, a graduate of the Warsaw University of Technology. In the years 1939–1942 he lived in France, then in Canada and the USA, from 1956 he permanently resided in the USA. He was a constructor and theorist of military and off-road vehicles, the creator of a new field of engineering knowledge called terramechanics. He was an employee of the Ministry of Military Affairs (1931-1939), a lecturer at the Warsaw University of Technology (1936-1939), a professor at universities in the USA, then a designer at General Motors laboratories in Santa Barbara (1960–70). He was an adviser to the Canadian and American armies. He was the creator of the concept and co-creator of the construction of the lunar vehicle used by the Apollo 15, Apollo 16 and Apollo 17 lunar expeditions. He was the author of many world patents in the field of off-road vehicles construction, including those intended for work on other planets.
His main achievements are:
- In 1956, the first publication in a series of fundamental books on vehicle construction was published: Theory of Land Locomotion. Among his other publications, it is worth mentioning the books titled "Locomotion in the wilderness", "Mechanics of locomotion and the concept of a vehicle for driving on the lunar surface", "Introduction to off-road vehicle systems".
- In 1963–1972, he developed several concepts for the lunar vehicle and General Motors' proposals for NASA. He participated in the construction of the target LRV vehicle (he personally developed the structure of the openwork mesh tires and the flexible vehicle frame). The vehicle was built by Boeing under the direction of Bekker. He was also a laureate of many awards, incl. "Gold Medal of Columbus" of the city of Genoa and "honoris causa" doctorates from the Technical University of Munich and the universities of Ottawa and Bologna.
Accommodation
Agritourism farms
- Elżbieta Stawowy - (season May-October) ul. Grota Roweckiego 13, mobile phone: 602-395-843