Phrasebook Afrikaans - Taalgids Afrikaans

It African is a West Germanic language mainly in South Africa and Namibia is spoken. The language is the daughter language of Dutch, which arose from seventeenth-century Dutch dialects, and was historically called Cape Dutch. Probably 90 to 95% of the vocabulary is of Dutch origin. In addition, the language has been influenced, both grammatically and in vocabulary, by Portuguese, French, Malay, Bantu and Khoisan languages. The biggest differences between Afrikaans and Dutch are the spelling, morphology and grammar.

History

Dutch arrived in the African continent when Jan van Riebeeck founded a colony near the Cape of Good Hope in 1652. Then the written history of South Africa began. The Cape Colony grew rapidly and mainly Dutch and Flemish, but also many Germans and French, came to live in the colony on behalf of the VOC. The latter quickly learned Dutch; their names were also often Dutchified. The population group that arose in this way eventually called themselves Afrikaners or Boers. From 1740 the spoken language started to lead a life of its own. Dutch changed as it was influenced by other languages, such as Malay from the Malays, who had been brought to South Africa by the Dutch as workers. But the written language remained entirely based on European Dutch until 1925. In the meantime an own form of Dutch had emerged, the "Cape Dutch".

Placard with two quotes from poets in Afrikaans. When the Cape Colony passed into British hands, English became the official language. The Boers moved further and further inland. Here they founded three states, the Orange Free State, the Transvaal and the Republic of Natalia, where Dutch became the official language. Two fierce wars raged against the British, which the Boers would eventually lose. The Boers were strong in preserving their language and their traditions. In 1854 Dutch became the official language of the Orange Free State. In 1882, Dutch was recognized alongside English in the Cape Parliament. In 1888 Dutch was recognized as the official language of the South African Republic, later Transvaal. From 1910 to 1983, Dutch/Afrikaans and English together were the official languages ​​of South Africa, although it should be noted that from 1925 Dutch was replaced by Afrikaans. Where Dutch was still spoken of in legal texts, one reads Afrikaans; they were considered synonyms. Dutch was not definitively removed from the constitution until 1983.

In the 20th century, the African vocabulary was expanded from 50,000 to approximately 750,000 words by, among other things, the formation of many new combinations, after the language had first been given the function of official language, allowing it to be used in education, administration, literature, the art and science could be used. Afrikaans has several dialects, spread across South Africa and Namibia. Some dialects have undergone more 'modern' Dutch influences than others, because they were more in contact with European Dutch. The following main dialects of Afrikaans are distinguished:

dialects

• Cape African
• Eastern Border African
• Orange River African
• Eastern Cape African
• Oorlams (also called: Oorlangs, Oorlans)

Of these dialects, Cape African has been most influenced by modern Dutch.

Grammar

Personal pronoun

• ek-my (I-me)
• you-you (you-you)
• hy-hom (he-him)
• sy-hair(she-hair)
• us (we/us)
• you (you)
• hule (they/them/their)

Persons can also have a plural form: Japie – Japie-hulle (Japie & co.)

verbs

Verbs are hardly conjugated in Afrikaans, unlike in Dutch. The infinitive and the present tense always have the same form, except for verbs are and have and for verbs that have a prefix:

infinitive	indicative present tense	Dutch
orphan	is	are
Hey	the	to have
assume	assume	take

In addition, verbs are not conjugated to person:

African	Dutch
i is	I'm
you/you is	you/you are
hy/sy/this is	he/she/it is
us is	we are
you is	you are
hull is	they are

The simple past tense is completely similar in shape to the present tense. To indicate the difference with the present tense, this form is preceded by adverbs such as toe. The only exception to this rule is the verb to be:

African	Dutch
I was	I was

In literature, the present perfect is often used instead of the simple past. The past participle, like in Dutch, has the prefix 'ge', unless there is another prefix:

African	Dutch
I drank it	I drank
I forget	I forgot

In other cases, in Afrikaans, as in Dutch and other languages, the present perfect tense is used:

African	Dutch
I drank it	I have been drinking

Denial

Afrikaans - just like for example French - uses a tautological double negation, derived from the Dutch and Flemish dialects, for example: he it this not done not.

Nouns

• Nouns only know singular and plural in terms of inflection
• There is no grammatical gender.

Adjectives

Just like in Dutch, adjectives have an inflection e. The inflection is often accompanied by deletion of a consonant, especially in intervocal position: high - hoë.

Pronunciation, spelling and morphology

• The Dutch ij is etymologically related to Dutch words like y spelled, except as in the suffix -corpse: probably - probably
• The Dutch ch is in Afrikaans as g spelled out.
• The g, v and d completely disappear between two vowels: that hoe tree is high.
• The Dutch consonant clusters -cht and -st are simplified in Afrikaans to -g and -s: lugpos 'airmail', ooze 'east'
• The Dutch consonant combination -sh is in Afrikaans (just like in earlier phases of Dutch) -sk: probably - probably
• The 'oo' and 'ee' are diphthongs
• The 'u' is (almost) an i sound, because of the rounding
• Due to minor rounding, the 'eu' is actually a somewhat rounded 'ie' and is reminiscent of the Afr diphthong 'ee': neut (NL. note) and meal (NL. windmill) almost sound like Afr. no (NL. nee) and flour (NL. flour)
• At the short i has been greatly reduced, so that it can be regarded as a schwa is pronounced (like the 'e' in NL room): sit, thing, vir can the Dutchman as sut, dung and for ringing in the ears
• There is no distinction between the Dutch sounds ouch, ouch, ouch and old; these are all written in Afrikaans as ou and pronounced like a schwaouch: outomations, old, blouse and trust.

Dictionary

basic words

Common expressions OPEN oop CLOSED (CLOSED) please ENTRANCE Entrance EXIT Exit PUSH punch PULL pull TOILET Toilet GENTLEMEN Lord LADIES Ladies FORBIDDEN Forbidden

Good day. (formal)

Good day. ("...")

Hey. (informal)

Hey. ("...")

How are you?

How are you doing? ("...")

Good thank you.

Good, thank you. ("...")

What's your name?

What is your name? ("...")

My name is ______.

My name is ______. ("...")

Pleasant introduction.

Pleasant knowledge. ("...")

Please.

Please. ("...")

Thank you.

thanks. ("...")

Do not mention it.

It's a pleasure. ("...")

Yes.

Yes. ("...")

New.

New. ("...")

Excuse me. (Seek attention)

Sell ​​me. ("...")

Sorry.

I'm sorry. ("...")

Bye

Finally. ("...")

Day (informal)

Bay. ("...")

I do not speak African.

I can't speak African. ("...")

Do you speak Dutch?

Do you speak Dutch? ("...")

Is there anyone here who speaks Dutch?

Is anyone here who speaks Dutch? ("...")

Help!

Help! ("...")

Look out!

Babysit! ("...")

Good morning.

Good more. ("...")

good evening.

Good night. ("...")

Good night. (when sleeping)

good night. ("...")

I do not understand.

I don't understand. ("...")

Where is the bathroom?

Where is that toilet? ("...")

Issues

Leave me alone.

Just leave me alone./Unleash me. (...)

Do not touch me!

Don't touch me, don't touch me! / Don't touch me, don't touch me (...)

I'm calling the police.

I will call/call the police. (...)

Law enforcement!

Police! (...)

Stop! Thief!

Stop! Thief! (...)

I need your help.

I need you help. I need you/your help. (...)

It's an emergency.

This is an emergency. (...)

I am lost.

I'm lost. (...)

I lost my (back) bag.

I lost my bag. (...)

I lost my wallet.

I lost my purse. (...)

I am ill.

I'm sick. (...)

I am hurt.

I'm beseer. (...)

I need a doctor.

I need a doctor. (...)

Can I use your phone?

Can I use your(formal)/your(informal) phone? (...)

To count

1

a ("...")

2

two ("...")

3

three ("...")

4

four ("...")

5

five ("...")

6

ses ("...")

7

sew ("...")

8

ag ("...") / agt ("...")

9

nine ("...")

10

ten ("...")

11

elf ("...")

12

twelve ("...")

13

thirteen ("...")

14

fourteen ("...")

15

fifteen ("...")

16

sestien ("...")

17

sewtien ("...")

18

agtien ("...")

19

nineteen ("...")

20

twenty ("...")

21

twenty-one ("...")

22

twenty-two ("...")

23

twenty three ("...")

...

30

thirty ("...")

40

forty ("...")

50

fifty ("...")

60

sestig ("...")

70

sewty ("...")

80

tagged ("...")

90

ninety ("...")

100

one hundred ("...")

200

two hundred ("...")

300

three hundred ("...")

...

900

nine hundred ("...")

1000

one thousand ("...")

2000

two thousand ("...")

1,000,000

a million ("...")

1,000,000,000

a billion ("...")

1,000,000,000,000

a trillion ("...")

Ordinal numbers

1

first ("...")

2

second ("...")

3

third ("...")

4

fourth ("...")

5

fifth ("...")

6

sesde ("...")

7

sewde ("...")

8

agste ("...")

9

ninth ("...")

10

tenth ("...")

11

eleventh ("...")

...

20

twentieth ("...")

...

100

hundredth ("...")

101

hundred-and-first ("...")

Time display

now

well (...)

later

later (...)

for

for (...)

morning

morning (...)

(afternoon

afternoon (...)

evening

aand (...)

night

night (...)

Clock

What time is it?

What time is this? ("...")

an hour

an hour (...)

two o'clock

two o'clock (...)

one o'clock in the morning

one hour in that morning (...)

two o'clock in the morning

two hours in that morning (...)

afternoon

afternoon (...)

one o'clock in the afternoon

one o'clock in the afternoon (...)

two o'clock in the afternoon

two o'clock in the afternoon (...)

midnight

midnight (...)

Duration

_____ minute(s)

_____ minute(s) (...)

_____ you(s)

_____ o'clock (...) / hour (...)

_____ to dawn)

_____ day (...) / dae (...)

_____ week(s)

_____ week (...) / week (...)

_____ months)

_____ month (...) / month (...)

_____ year(s)

_____ year (...) / year (...)

To dawn

Today

today (...)

yesterday

yesterday (...)

the day before yesterday

the day before yesterday (...)

tomorrow

more (...)

the day after tomorrow

earmôre (...)

this week

that week (...)

last week

last week (...)

next week

next week (...)

Monday

Monday ("...")

Tuesday

Tuesday ("...")

Wednesday

Wednesday ("...")

Thursday

Thursday ("...")

Friday

friday ("...")

Saturday

Saturday ("...")

Sunday

Sunday ("...")

weekend

afterweek ("...")

Months

January

january ("...")

February

february ("...")

March

March ("...")

April

April ("...")

May

May ("...")

June

juni ("...")

July

julie ("...")

August

august ("...")

September

Sep ("...")

October

October ("...")

November

Nov ("...")

December

December ("...")

Date

day

day ("...")

week

week ("...")

month

month ("...")

year

year ("...")

century

eeu ("...")

leap year

leap year ("...")

To colour

red

red ("...")

yellow

yellow ("...")

green

green ("...")

blue

blue ("...")

black

black ("...")

white

white ("...")

Violet

press ("...")

Orange

Orange ("...")

brown

brown ("...")

gray

gray ("...")

pink/rosy

pink ("...") / rosy ("...")

Transport

Train and bus

How much does a ticket to _____ cost?

How much is a ticket after _____? (...)

One ticket to _____, please.

A ticket after _____, please. (...)

Where is this train/bus going?

Where does the train/bus go here? (...)

Where is the train/bus to_____?

Where is that train/bus after _____? (...)

Does the train/bus stop in _____?

Does that/here stop that train/bus in _____? (...)

What time does this train/bus leave for_____?

What time does the train/bus leave after _____? (...)

What time will the train/bus arrive in _____?

What time will the train/bus arrive in _____? (...)

Directions

How do I get to _____ ?

How do I get to _____ ? (...)

...the station?

...that train station? (...)

...the bus stop?

...that bus stasie? (...)

...the airport?

... that lughawe? (...)

...the city center?

...middle village? (...)

...the youth hostel?

...that youth hostel? (...)

...the hotel?

...that _____ hotel? (...)

...the Dutch/Belgian/Surinamese consulate?

...that Dutch/Belgian/Surinamese consulate? (...)

Where are there many...

Where is there baie... (...)

...hotels?

...hotels? (...)

...restaurants?

...restaurant? (...)

...bars (pubs)?

...kroe? (...)

...sights?

...point of interest? (...)

Can you mark it on the map?

Can you point this out to me on that map? (...)

street

street (...)

Turn left.

Turn left. (...)

Turn to the right.

Turn regs. (...)

left

left (...)

right

regs (...)

straight ahead

straight ahead (...)

in the direction of _____

in the direction of _____ (...)

in addition to the _____

forget that _____ (...)

for the _____

for that _____ (...)

Note the _____.

Be on the lookout for that _____. (...)

intersection

intersection (...)

north

north (...)

South

suid (...)

east

ooze (...)

west

wes (...)

uphill

go on toe that weewel (...)

downhill

get off that mourning (...)

It's uphill

This is ascending (...)

It's downhill

This is descending (...)

Cab

Cab!

Cab! (...)

Take me to _____, please.

Please catch me after _____. (...)

How much does it cost to go to _____?

How much does it cost to go after _____? (...)

Take me there, please.

Catch me soon, please. (...)

To sleep

Are there still rooms available?

Do you have any rooms available? (...)

How much is a room for one person/two people?

How much does a room cost for one/two people? (...)

Are sheets available in the room

Are there sheets in that room? (...)

Does the room have...

It's that room... (...)

...a bathroom?

...a bathroom? (...)

...a phone?

...a telephone? (...)

...a TV?

...a TV? (...)

Can I see the room first?

Can I see that room first? (...)

Don't you have anything calmer?

Do you only want something quieter? (...)

Don't have a... room?

The you only ... room? (...)

...taller?

...taller... (...)

...cleaner?

...skoner (...)

...cheaper?

...cheaper... (...)

All right, I'll take them.

All right, I'll take this. (...)

I stay _____ night(s).

Ek sal ____ aand bly. (...)

Can you recommend me another hotel?

Can you recommend another hotel? (...)

Do you have a safe?

Do you have a safe? (...)

Is breakfast/dinner included?

Is breakfast / snack included? (...)

What time is breakfast/dinner?

What time is breakfast / dinner? (...)

Please clean my room.

Please clean my room. (...)

Can you wake me up at _____?

Can you wake me up to _____? (...)

I want to check out.

I want to sign out. (...)

Money

Do you accept euros?

Do you accept euros? (...)

Do you accept credit cards?

Do you accept credit cards? (...)

Can you change money for me?

Can you exchange money vir me? (...)

Where can I exchange money?

Where can I exchange money? (...)

Can I exchange travelers checks here?

Can you exchange a resigers check vir me? (...)

Where can I exchange travelers checks?

Where can I change a traveler's check? (...)

What is the exchange rate?

What is that exchange rate? (...)

Where is there an ATM?

Where's a car bank/ATM? (...)

Food

A table for one/two people, please.

A table for one/two person please. (...)

May I see the menu, please?

Can I see a spy card, please? (...)

Can I see the kitchen?

Can I look in that galley? (...)

Is there a house specialty?

Is there a house speciality there? (...)

Is there a regional dish?

Is there a local specialty there? (...)

I am vegetarian.

I'm a vegetarian. (...)

I do not eat pork.

I do not eat pork meat. (...)

I only eat kosher food.

I eat slegs kosher kos. (...)

à la carte

a la carte (...)

breakfast

breakfast (...)

lunch

lunch (...)

tea

tee (...)

dinner

touch (...)

I want _____.

I want _____ huh. (...)

I want a dish with _____.

I want a reg with _____ huh. (...)

chicken

hen (...)

beef

beesvleis (...)

fish

fish (...)

ham

ham (...)

sausage

sausage (...)

cheese

cheese (...)

Eggs

eggs (...)

salad

beat (...)

(fresh vegetables

(vars) vegetable (...)

(fresh fruit

(vars) fruit (...)

bread

bread (...)

toast

toast bread (...)

noodles

noodles (...)

rice

rys (...)

beans

bone (...)

Can I have a glass of _____?

Can I get a glass of _____? (...)

Can I have a cup of _____?

Can I get a cup of _____? (...)

Can I have a bottle of _____?

Can I get a bottle of _____? (...)

coffee

coffee ('...)

tea

tee (...)

juice

juice (...)

(spray) water

spark water (...)

water

water (...)

beer

beer (...)

red/white wine

red/white wine (...)

Can I _____?

Can I _____ cry? (...)

salt

salt (...)

black pepper

black pepper (...)

butter

butter (...)

Excuse me, waiter? (getting attention of server)

Sell ​​me? (...)

I'm ready.

I'm done. (...)

It was delicious.

This was delicious. (...)

Could you please clean the table.

Can you assebleif clean that table. (...)

The bill please.

That bill, please. (...)

Drink

Do you serve alcohol?

Do you serve alcohol? (...)

Is there table service?

Is there table service? (...)

One beer/two beers, please.

A beer/two beers, please. (...)

A glass of red/white wine, please.

A glass of red/white wine, please. (...)

Half a litre, please.

A pint, please. (...)

A bottle, please.

A bottle, please. (...)

whiskey

whiskey (...)

vodka

vodka (...)

rum

rum (...)

water

water (...)

soda

soda (...)

tonic

tonic (...)

orange juice

lemon juice (...)

cola (soft drink)

coke (cooling drink)

Do you have any refreshments/snacks/snacks?

Is there any refreshments/snacks there? (...)

One more, please.

One more, please. (...)

One more round, please.

One more round, please. (...)

What time do you close?

What time is ready time? (...)

Shop

Do you have this in my size?

Do you like this to my extent/great? (...)

How much does this cost?

How much does this cost? (...)

That's too expensive.

This is too expensive. (...)

Do _____ accept you?

Will you accept _____? (...)

expensive

expensive (...)

cheap

cheap (...)

I can't afford it.

I can't afford this. (...)

I do not want it.

I don't want this. (...)

You are deceiving me.

You fuck me. (...)

I am not interested.

I'm not interested. (...)

OK, I'll take it.

OK, I'll get this barrel. (...)

Can I get a bag?

Can I get a cuppa? (...)

I need

I need it ... (...)

...toothpaste.

...toothpaste. (...)

...a toothbrush.

...a dental brush. (...)

...tampons.

...tampons. (...)

...soap.

...see. (...)

...shampoo.

...shampoo. (...)

...painkiller. (for example: aspirin)

...pain tablet (...)

... cold medicine.

...a cold medicine. (...)

...medicine for stomach pain.

...stomach medisyne. (...)

...a razor.

...a reversing knife. (...)

...a rain cover (umbrella).

...a sambreel. (...)

...sun milk.

...burning oil. (...)

...a postcard.

...a postcard. (...)

...stamps.

...seels. (...)

...batteries.

...battery. (...)

...writing paper.

...skryf paper. (...)

...a pen.

... a pen. (...)

...Dutch books.

...Dutch language books. (...)

...Dutch magazines.

...Dutch timesheet. (...)

...a Dutch-language newspaper.

...a Dutch newspaper. (...)

...an Afrikaans-Dutch dictionary.

... an Afrikaans-Dutch dictionary. (...)

To drive

I want to rent a car.

I want to rent a motorcycle. (...)

Can I take out insurance?

Can I get insurance? (...)

stop (on a road sign)

stop (on a street sign)

one way traffic

a direction (...)

give priority

admit it (...)

Prohibited to park

no parking (...)

speed limit

speed limitation (...)

gas station

petrol stasie/fill stasie (...)

authorities

I haven't done anything wrong.

I didn't do anything wrong. ("...")

It was a misunderstanding.

This was a misunderstanding. ("...")

Where are you taking me?

Where are you taking me? ("...")

Am I arrested?

Am I under arrest? ("...")

I am a Dutch/Belgian/Surinamese citizen.

Ek is a Dutch/Belgian/Surinamese citizen. ("...")

I want to speak to the Dutch/Belgian/Surinamese embassy.

I want to talk to the Dutch/Belgian/Surinamese embassy. ("...")

I want a lawyer.

I want to talk to an attorney. ("...")

Can I pay a fine immediately?

Can I pay a fine immediately? ("...")

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