Vietnamese - Vietnamita

Introduction

Spread of the Vietnamese language

Flag of the Vietnam

The Vietnamese language (native name: tiếng Việt or Việt ngữ) is an Austro-Asian language belonging to the Mon Khmer group of languages, spoken, as a national language, in Vietnam.

It is the mother tongue of 86% of the Vietnamese population and around 3 million others living abroad. It is also used as a second language by many ethnic minorities from Vietnam living in other countries.

Traditionally, Vietnamese is divided into three main dialect areas:

Northern Vietnamese, which includes the areas of Hanoi, Haiphong and others;
Central Vietnamese, whose main areas are Hu sono and Quảng Nam
Southern Vietnamese (Saigon, Mekong), the closest to the standard language due to the late settlement of the speakers (fifteenth century).

Much of the Vietnamese lexicon consists of loanwords from the language Chinese, and originally used the same writing system (albeit in a modified format to accommodate its pronunciation). Vietnamese is also influenced by the language French which, due to the French colonial government, has influenced the language both on the lexical and on the spelling level: today Vietnamese is written with the Latin alphabet, albeit modified with the addition of diacritics to indicate particular tones and phonemes .

Since Vietnam had ties to China for long periods, much of the Vietnamese lexicon relating to science and politics derives from Chinese. More than 60% of the Vietnamese lexicon is rooted in Chinese, although many words derive from native Vietnamese combined with Chinese loanwords. It is possible to distinguish a native Vietnamese word from a Chinese loan if it can be doubled and if its meaning does not change even if the tone changes

A little grammar

Like many Austro-Asian languages, Vietnamese is an isolating language. There are no cases or distinctions between gender, number or time. The syntax is Subject Verb Object as in Italian. Vietnamese has a noun classifier and the serial verb.

Pronunciation guide

Vowels

to:
is:
the:
or:
u:
y:
to:
to:
or:

Consonants

b:
c:
d:
f:
g:
h:
j:
k:
L:
m:
n:
p:
q:
r:
s:
t:
v:
w:
x:
z:

Basic

Basic words

Yup : Phải ()
No : Không phải ()
Help : Hãy giúp đỡ ()
Attention : Chú ý ()
You are welcome : ( )
Thank you : cảm ơn ()
Do not mention it : ( )
No problem : ( )
Unfortunately : ( )
Here : ( )
There / there : ( )
When? : ( )
Thing? : ( )
Where is it? : ( )
Why? : ( )

Signs

Welcome : Hoan nghênh ()
Open : Mở cửa ()
Closed : Đóng cửa ()
Entry : Lối vào ()
Exit : Lối ra ()
To push : Đẩy ()
Pull : Kéo ()
Toilet : Nhà vệ sinh; Toilet; WC ()
Free : ( )
Busy : ( )
Men : Nam ()
Women : Nữ ()
Forbidden : Cấm ()
Smoking prohibited : Cấm hút thuốc ()

Hello : Chào ()
Good morning : Xin chào ()
Good evening : Xin chào ()
Good night : Xin chào ()
How are you? : Bạn khỏe không ()
Fine thanks : Khỏe cảm ơn ()
And you? : Còn bạn? ()
What's your name? : Bạn tên gì? ()
My name is _____ : Tên tôi there _____ ()
Nice to meet you : Vui mừng được gặp bạn ()
Where do you live? : Bạn sống ở đâu? ()
I live in _____ : Tôi ở _____ ()
Where do you come from? : Bạn từ đâu đến? ()
How old are you / are you? : Bạn bao nhiêu tuổi? ()
Excuse me (permission) : Xin lỗi ()
Excuse me! (asking for forgiveness) : Tôi xin lỗi ()
As he said? : ( )
I'm sorry : Cho tôi xin lỗi ()
See you later : Tạm biệt ()
See you soon : ( )
We feel! : ( )
I don't speak your language well : ( )
I speak _____ : Tôi nói _____ ()
Is there anyone speaking _____? : Ở đây có ai biết tiếng _____ không? ()
- ...Italian : ... Ý ()
- ...English : ... Anh ()
- ...Spanish : ( )
- ...French : ... Pháp ()
- ...German : ( )
Can you speak slower? : Bạn có thể nói chậm không? ()
Could you repeat that? : ( )
What does it mean? : ( )
I do not know : ( )
I do not understand : ( )
How do you say _____? : ( )
Can you spell it for me? : ( )
Where is the toilette? : ( )

Emergency

Authority

I've lost my purse : Tôi bị mất túi của tôi ()
I've lost my wallet : Tôi bị mất hộ chiếu của tôi ()
I was robbed : Tôi bị cướp ()
The car was parked in the street ... : ( )
I haven't done anything wrong : Tôi không làm điều gì sai cả ()
It was a misunderstanding : Chỉ là hiểu nhầm ()
Where are you taking me? : Bạn đang đưa tôi đi đâu? ()
Am I under arrest? : Tôi bị bắt hả? ()
I am an Italian citizen : Tôi là công dân Ý / người Ý ()
I want to speak to a lawyer : Tôi muốn nói chuyện với luận sư của tôi ()
Can I pay the fine now? : Tôi có thể trả tiền phạt ngay chứ? ()

On the telephone

Ready : ( )
A moment : ( )
I dialed the wrong number : ( )
Stay online : ( )
Sorry if I disturb, but : ( )
I'll call back : ( )

Safety

leave me alone : Hãy để tôi yên ()
Do not touch me! : Đừng động vào tôi! ()
I'll call the police : Tôi sẽ gọi cảnh sát đó ()
Where is the police station? : Đồn cảnh sát ở đâu? ()
Police! : Gọi cảnh sát! ()
Stop! Thief! : Chống trộm! ()
I need your help : Tôi cần bạn giúp đỡ ()
I'm lost : Tôi bị lạc đường ()
On fire! : Lửa cháy! ()

Health

It's an emergency : Đây là trường hợp khẩn cấp ()
I feel bad : Tôi cảm thấy mệt ()
I am hurt : Tôi bị thương ()
Call an ambulance : ( )
It hurts here : ( )
I have fever : Tôi bị sốt ()
Should I stay in bed? : ( )
I need a doctor : Tôi cần bác sĩ ()
May I use the phone? : Tôi có thể sử dụng điện thoại của bạn không? ()
I am allergic to antibiotics : Tôi bị dị ứng với thuốc kháng sinh ()

Transportation

At the airport

Could I have a ticket to _____? : ( )
When does the plane leave for _____? : ( )
Where does it stop? : ( )
Stops at _____ : ( )
Where does the bus to / from the airport leave from? : ( )
How long do I have for check-in? : ( )
Can I take this bag as hand luggage? : ( )
Is this bag too heavy? : ( )
What is the maximum weight allowed? : ( )
Go to exit number _____ : ( )

Bus and Train

How much is the ticket for _____? : Already vé đi _____ bao nhiêu? ()
A ticket to ..., please : Tôi mua một vé đi _____ ()
I would like to change / cancel this ticket : ( )
Where is this train / bus headed? : Tàu / xe này ở đâu? ()
Where does the train to _____ leave from? : Tàu đi _____ ở đâu? ()
Which platform / stop? : ( )
Does this train stop at _____? : Tàu này có dừng ở _____ không? ()
When does the train leave for _____? : Tàu đi _____ ở đâu? ()
When does the bus arrive in _____? : Khi nào xe đi _____ đến? ()
Can you tell me when to get off? : ( )
Sorry, I booked this place : ( )
Is this seat free? : ( )

Taxi

Taxi : Taxo ()
Take me to _____, please : Làm ơn hãy chở tôi đến _____ ()
How much does it cost up to _____? : Đến _____ already bao nhiêu? ()
Take me there, please : Hãy đưa tôi đến đó ()
Taximeter : Đồng hồ taxi ()
Turn on the meter, please! : Làm ơn bật đồng hồ lên ()
Stop here, please! : Làm ơn dừng ở đây ()
Wait here a moment, please! : Làm ơn chờ một chút ()

To drive

I would like to rent a car : ( )
One way street : ( )
No parking : ( )
Speed limit : ( )
Gas station : ( )
Petrol : ( )
Diesel : ( )
Traffic light : ( )
Street : ( )
Square : ( )
Pavements : ( )
Driver : ( )
Pedestrian : ( )
Pedestrian crossing : ( )
Overtaking : ( )
Fine : ( )
Deviation : ( )
Toll : ( )
Border crossing : ( )
Border : ( )
Customs : ( )
Declare : ( )
Identity card : ( )
Driving license : ( )

Orient yourself

How do i get to _____? : ( )
How far away ... : ( )
- ...The train station? : Ga tàu ()
- ... the bus station? : Bến xe ()
- ...the airport? : ( )
- ...the center? : ( )
- ... the hostel? : ( )
- ... the hotel _____? : ( )
- ... the Italian consulate? : ... lãnh sự quán Ý ()
- ... the hospital? : ( )
Where there are many ... : ( )
- ... hotel? : ( )
- ... restaurants? : ( )
- ...Cafe? : ( )
- ...places to visit? : ( )
Can you point me on the map? : ( )
Turn left : ( )
Turn right : ( )
Straight ahead : ( )
To _____ : ( )
Passing through _____ : ( )
Front _____ : ( )
Pay attention to _____ : ( )
Crossroad : ( )
North : ( )
South : ( )
East : ( )
West : ( )
Upward : ( )
Over there : ( )

Hotel

You have a free room? : Còn phòng không? ()
What is the price of a single / double room? : Already một phòng đơn / phòng đôi bao nhiêu? ()
The room has ... : Phòng có ... ()
- ...the sheets? : Bộ đồ trải giường? ()
- ...the bathroom? : phòng tắm? ()
- ...the shower? : vòi hoa sen? ()
- ...the phone? : điện thoại? ()
- ...TV? : you there? ()
- Can I see the room? : Tôi có thể xem phòng không? ()
- You have a room... : Có phòng ... không? ()
- ...smaller? : ( )
- ... calmer? : ... yên tĩnh hơn? ()
- ...bigger? : ... Lớn hơn? ()
- ...cleaner? : ... Sạch hơn? ()
- ...cheaper? : ... Rẻ hơn? ()
- ... with a view of (sea) : ... có thể ngắm cảnh ()
OK, I'll take it : OK, tôi lấy phòng này ()
I will stay for _____ night (s) : Tôi sẽ ở _____ đêm ()
Can you recommend another hotel? : Bạn có thể giới thiệu giúp tôi khách sạn khác không? ()
Do you have a safe? : Có két sắt không? ()
Do you have key lockers? : Có két tủ gửi đồ? ()
Is breakfast / lunch / dinner included? : Already phòng bao gồm ăn sáng / ăn trưa / bữa tối? ()
What time is breakfast / lunch / dinner? : Ăn sáng / ăn trưa / bữa tối lúc mấy giờ? ()
Please clean my room : Làm ơn dọn phòng tôi ()
Can you wake me up at _____? : Bạn có thể đánh thức tôi lúc ___ không? ()
I'd like to check out : Tôi muốn trả phòng ()
Common dormitory : Phòng ngủ tập thể ()
Shared bathroom : Phòng tắm dùng chung ()
Hot / boiling water : Nước nóng / sôi ()

To eat

Vocabulary

Trattoria : ( )
Restaurant : ( )
Snack bar : ( )
Breakfast : ( )
Snack : ( )
Starter : ( )
Lunch : ( )
Dinner : ( )
Snack : ( )
Meal : ( )
Soup : ( )
Main meal : ( )
Sweet : ( )
Appetizer : ( )
Digestive : ( )
Hot : ( )
Cold : ( )
Sweet (adjective) : ( )
Salty : ( )
Bitter : ( )
Sour : ( )
Spicy : ( )
Raw : ( )
Smoked : ( )
Fried : ( )

The bar

Do you serve alcoholic beverages? : ( )
Do you serve at the table? : ( )
One / two beers, please : ( )
A glass of red / white wine, please : ( )
A large beer, please : ( )
A bottle, please : ( )
water : Nước ()
Tonic water : ( )
Orange juice : ( )
Coca Cola : ( )
soda : ( )
One more, please : ( )
When do you close? : ( )

At the restaurant

A table for one / two people, please : Làm ơn cho tôi một bàn một / hai người ()
Can you bring me the menu? : Làm ơn cho tôi xem thực đơn ()
Can we order, please? : ( )
Do you have any house specialties? : Nhà hàng có đặc sản gì? ()
Is there a local specialty? : Nhà hàng có đặc sản địa phương gì? ()
Is there a menu of the day? : ( )
I am a vegetarian / vegan : Tôi ăn chay / thuần chay ()
I don't eat pork : Tôi không ăn thịt lợn ()
I only eat kosher food : ( )
I just want something light : ( )
I would like to _____ : Tôi muốn _____ ()
- Meat : ( )
  - Well done : ( )
  - To the blood : ( )
- Rabbit : ( )
- Chicken : Thịt gà ()
- Turkey : ( )
- Bovine : Thịt bò ()
- Pig : ( )
- Ham : Giăm bông ()
- Sausage : Xúc xích ()
- Fish : Cá ()
- Tuna : ( )
- Cheese : Phó mát ()
- Eggs : Trứng ()
- Salad : Xa lát ()
- Fresh vegetables) : Rau (sống) ()
- Fruit : Trái cây ()
- Bread : Bánh mỳ ()
- Toast : Bánh mỳ nướng ()
- Croissant : Bánh sừng bò ()
- Krapfen : ( )
- Pasta : Mỳ Ý ()
- Rice : Cơm ()
- Beans : ( )
- Asparagus : ( )
- Beet : ( )
- Carrot : ( )
- Cauliflower : ( )
- Watermelon : ( )
- Fennel : ( )
- Mushrooms : ( )
- Pineapple : ( )
- Orange : ( )
- Apricot : ( )
- Cherry : ( )
- Berries : ( )
- Kiwi : ( )
- Mango : ( )
- Apple : ( )
- Aubergine : ( )
- Melon : ( )
- Potato : ( )
- Chips : ( )
- Pear : ( )
- Fishing : ( )
- Peas : ( )
- Tomato : ( )
- Plum : ( )
- Cake : ( )
- Sandwich : ( )
- Grapes : ( )
Can I have a glass / cup / bottle of _____? : Cho tôi một ly / tách / chai _____? ()
- Coffee : Cà phê ()
- You : Between ( )
- Juice : Nước ép trái cây ()
- Sparkling water : Nước có ga ()
- Beer : Bia ()
Red / white wine : Rượu vang đỏ / rượu vang trắng ()
Can I have some _____? : Có thể cho tôi một ít _____? ()
- Spices : ( )
- Oil : ( )
- Mustard : ( )
- Vinegar : ( )
- Garlic : ( )
- Lemon : ( )
- salt : Muối ()
- pepper : Tiêu ()
- Butter : Bơ ()
Waiter! : Anh phục vụ ơi (waiter) / Chị phục vụ ơi (waitress) ǃ ()
I finished : Tôi ăn xong rồi ()
It was great : Ngon lắm ()
The Bill please : Làm ơn tính tiền ()
We pay each for himself (Roman style) : ( )
Keep the change : ( )

Money

Vocabulary

Credit card : ( )
Money : ( )
Check : ( )
Travel checks : ( )
Currency : ( )
To change : ( )

Do you accept this currency? : ( )
Do you accept credit cards? : ( )
Can you change my money? : ( )
Where can I exchange the money? : ( )
What is the exchange rate? : ( )
Where is the bank / ATM / exchange office? : ( )

Shopping

Useful words

To buy : ( )
Do the shopping : ( )
Shopping : ( )
Shop : ( )
Library : ( )
Fishmonger : ( )
Shoe shop : ( )
Pharmacy : ( )
Bakery : ( )
Butcher's shop : ( )
Post Office : ( )
Travel agency : ( )
Price : ( )
Expensive : ( )
Cheap : ( )
Receipt : ( )

When do the shops open? : ( )
Do you have this in my size? : ( )
Does he have it in other colors? : ( )
Which color do you prefer? : ( )
- Black : ( )
- White : ( )
- Grey : ( )
- Red : ( )
- Blue : ( )
- Yellow : ( )
- Green : ( )
- Orange : ( )
- Violet : ( )
- Brown : ( )
How much? : ( )
Too expensive : ( )
I can not afford it : ( )
I don't want this : ( )
Can I try it on (dress)? : ( )
You want to cheat me : ( )
I'm not interested : ( )
Do you also send abroad? : ( )
OK, I'll take this : ( )
Where do I pay? : ( )
Can I have a bag? : ( )

I need... : ( )
- ...toothpaste : ( )
- ...toothbrush : ( )
- ... tampons : ( )
- ...soap : ( )
- ...shampoo : ( )
- ...painkiller : ( )
- ...medicine for colds : ( )
- ...blade : ( )
- ...umbrella : ( )
- ... sun cream / milk : ( )
- ...postcard : ( )
- ...stamp : ( )
- ... batteries : ( )
- ... books / magazines / newspaper in Italian : ( )
- ...Italian dictionary : ( )
- ...pen : ( )

Numbers

Numbers
N.	Writing	Pronunciation	N.	Writing	Pronunciation
1	một		21
2	you have		22
3	ba		30
4	bốn		40
5	năm		50
6	sáu		60
7	bảy		70
8	tám		80
9	chín		90
10	mười		100	một trăm
11			101
12			200
13			300
14			1.000	một ngàn
15			1.001
16			1.002
17			2.000
18			10.000
19			20.000
20			1.000.000	một triệu

Useful words

zero : ( )
number : ( )
half : ( )
double : ( )
less than : ( )
more than : ( )
same : ( )
comma : ( )
point : ( )
more : ( )
for : ( )
less : ( )
divided : ( )

Time

Time and date

What time is it? : Bây giời there mấy giờ? ()
It is precisely one o'clock : ( )
Quarter to _____ : ( )
What time will we meet? : Mấy giờ chúng ta gặp nhau được? ()
At two o'clock : 2 down ()
When will we see you? : Khi nào chúng ta gặp? ()
See you on Monday : Hẹn ngày mai ()
When are you leaving? : ( )
I'm leaving / leaving tomorrow morning : ( )

Duration

_____ minutes / minutes (ago) : ( )
_____ hour / hours (ago) : ( )
_____ days / days (ago) : ( )
_____ week (s) (ago) : ( )
_____ month / months (ago) : ( )
_____ year / years (ago) : ( )
three times a day : ( )
in an hour / in an hour : ( )
often : ( )
never : ( )
always : ( )
rarely : ( )

Common expressions

Now : bây giờ ()
Later : sau ()
Before : trước ()
Day : sáng ()
Afternoon : chiều ()
Evening : tối ()
Night : đêm ()
Midnight : giữa đêm ()
Today : hôm nay ()
Tomorrow : ngày mai ()
Tonight : ( )
Yesterday : hôm here ()
Yesterday night : ( )
The day before yesterday : ( )
Day after tomorrow : ( )
This week : tuần này ()
Last week : tuần rồi ()
Next week : tuần tới ()
Minute / I. : phút ()
hour (s) : giây ()
day (s) : ngày ()
week (s) : tuần ()
month (s) : tháng ()
year / s : năm ()
twelve o'clock : trưa ()

Days

The days of the week
	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday	Saturday	Sunday
Writing
Pronunciation

Months and Seasons

	winter			spring
	December	January	February	March	April	May
Writing
Pronunciation
	summer			Autumn
	June	July	August	September	October	November
Writing
Pronunciation

Grammatical appendix

Basic forms
Italian	Writing	Pronunciation
I
you
he / she / it
we
you
they

Flexed forms
Italian	Writing	Pronunciation
me
you
lo / la-gli / le-ne-si
there
you
them / ne

Other projects

Wikipedia contains an entry concerning Vietnamese
Commons contains images or other files on Vietnamese

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