Japanese（Japanese, Nihongo) isJapanMain language, except for some people inChina Mainland、Taiwan,withSouth KoreaExcept as a second foreign language, no other country in the world uses Japanese as the main language.
The earliest Japanese had no words, so Chinese characters must be used to communicate. Therefore, there are many words, tones, and characters borrowed from Middle Ancient Chinese in Japanese. Therefore, it cannot be said that there is no direct relationship between the two languages. With some exceptions, many Japanese characters can be roughly understood with a little thought.
And modern Chinese has also introduced and produced a large number of Chinese.
Japanese syllabary
Pronunciation guide
Kana in Japanese is phonogram, divided into hiragana (Flat name／ひらがな, Hiragana) and Katakana (Katakana／Ka ta KANA, Katakana), the most basic is about 50, so it is called the "five syllabary":
Unlike Chinese, Japanese pronunciation does not have much phonological differences, but there are differences in accent in certain places, such as: Guandong, Guanxi, and Ryukyu.
The pronunciation length (timing) of each syllable is basically the same. After the katakana, add "ー"Sign or repeating two long vowels with the same hiragana name is two (timings). The "拗音" composed of two pseudonyms is also a sound beat.
The 拗yin is also the only kind of consonant, and the other consonants are pronounced independently in the word. When asking questions, the ending tone will be raised.
vowel
There are only five vowels in Japanese, and the length of the vowel pronunciation is often very important. The following vowels are expressed in the order of Hiragana, Katakana, and "Hiragana Romanji" in parentheses.
Short vowels:
- あ ア(A)
- The pronunciation is similar to "阿" in Mandarin Chinese
- い イ(I)
- The pronunciation is similar to the "一" in Mandarin Chinese, but there is no initial
- う ウ(U)
- The pronunciation is similar to "House" in Mandarin Chinese, but the mouth shape is not round and prominent
- え エ(E)
- Pronunciation and the English letter "A"/eɪ/Similar, but not in the tail/ɪ/Sound
- お オ(O)
- The pronunciation is similar to "oh" in Mandarin Chinese
It is worth noting that at the end of the word "う／ウ"Is usually pronounced weakly. Common Japanese sentences "Desu"(Desu) and "ます"(Masu) is pronounced more like "des" and "mas". In addition, the "ど／ド"(Do) and "と／トThe pronunciation of "o" in "(to) is often weaker.
Long vowelThe pronunciation of vowel is usually the same as that of the short vowel, but the pronunciation is about 60% longer.
- ああ アー(Ā)
- いい イー(Ii)
- うう ウー(Ū)
- ええ エー(Ē)
- おお オー(Ō)
The pronunciation instructions above use similar pronunciations in Chinese or English, which are still different from the real standard pronunciation. The best way to learn is to practice with native Japanese speakers.
consonant
Apart from"ん／ンExcept for (n), all consonants in Japanese consist of a vowel followed by a vowel to form a sound on the beat. Consonants and vowels have their fixed combinations, please note that they include "し"(Shi) and "ふ"(Fu), including a few special combinations. The following consonants are expressed in the order of Hiragana, Katakana, and "Hiragana Romanji" in parentheses.
| か カ(Ka) | き キ(Ki) | く ク(Ku) | け ケ(Ke) | こ コ(Ko) |
| が ガ(Ga) | ぎ ギ(Gi) | ぐ グ(Gu) | げ ゲ(Ge) | ご ゴ(Go) |
| さ サ(Sa) | し シ（shi） | す ス(Su) | せ セ(Se) | そ ソ(So) |
| ざ ザ(Za) | じ ジ（ji） | ず ズ(Zu) | ぜ ゼ(Ze) | ぞ ゾ(Zo) |
| た タ(Ta) | ち チ（chi） | つ ツ（tsu） | て テ(Te) | と ト(To) |
| だ ダ(Da) | ぢ ヂ（ji） | づ ヅ（zu） | で デ(De) | ど ド(Do) |
| な ナ(Na) | に ニ(Ni) | ぬ ヌ(Nu) | ね ネ(Ne) | の ノ(No) |
| は ハ(Ha) | ひ ヒ(Hi) | ふ フ（fu） | へ ヘ(He) | ほ ホ(Ho) |
| ぱ パ(Pa) | ぴ ピ(Pi) | ぷ プ(Pu) | ぺ ペ(Pe) | ぽ ポ(Po) |
| ば バ(Ba) | び ビ(Bi) | ぶ ブ(Bu) | べ ベ(Be) | ぼ ボ(Bo) |
| ま マ(Ma) | み ミ(Mi) | む ム(Mu) | め メ(Me) | も モ(Mo) |
| や ヤ(Ya) | ゆ ユ(Yu) | よ ヨ(Yo) | ||
| ら ラ(Ra) | り リ(Ri) | る ル(Ru) | れ レ(Re) | ろ ロ(Ro) |
| わ ワ(Wa) | ゐ ヰ(I/wi) | ゑ ヱ(E/we) | を ヲ（o） |
Otherwise:
- ん ン(N)
- っ ッ(Promoting sign)
pay attention:
- Please pay special attention to the irregular pronunciation of the bold mark.
- 「し/シ"(Shi): The pronunciation is close to "West" in Mandarin.
- “え"Although Romaji is written as "e", it cannot be pronounced like "e" in Mandarin, that is, "e" in Chinese pinyin. Instead, it should be pronounced as ê in Chinese pinyin (zhuyin ㄝ, for example: "in about yue" e") is similar to the vowel of "end" in English.
- 「す/ス"(Su): The pronunciation is somewhere between si ("Si" in Mandarin) and su ("Su" in Mandarin).
- 「じ/ジ」、「ぢ/ヂ"The pronunciation is the same (ji), but they cannot be mixed. In the computer input method, "ji" corresponds to "じ/ジ", "di" corresponds to "ぢ/ヂ」。
- 「ず/ズ」、「づ/ヅ"The pronunciation is the same (zu), but they cannot be mixed. In the computer input method, "zu" corresponds to "ず/ズ", "du" corresponds to "づ/ヅ」。
- 「ふ/フThe actual pronunciation of "(fu) lies between hu and fu.
- 「を/ヲ"" is pronounced "o" when used as an auxiliary word, and "wo" is pronounced in other situations, but in fact "other situations" rarely appear in modern times, but when inputting "を/ヲ"" you still have to type "wo", some songs may also "を/ヲ"Sing as wo.
- "R" is not the R pronunciation in English, but a pronunciation between "L" and "R". It can be said to be a softer "R". For example, the first consonant "ら／ラThe pronunciation of "(ra) is similar to "啦" in Mandarin Chinese.
- 「ゐ/ヰ」、「ゑ/ヱ"It is no longer used in modern Japanese.
- Prototype "っ/ッ"It is not pronounced itself, but is used to express a pause in the sound beat. E.g"にっぽん"(Nippon) is pronounced "Ni.p-po.n".
Katakana
Katakana (Katakana／Ka ta KANA, Katakana) is a type of writing used to write foreign words (the vocabulary passed down from China belongs to "Chinese" and is written in "Chinese characters"). The Katakana alphabet system and hiragana are pronounced the same, but written differently. The rare exception is "ヴ"(Vu) and its derivatives, such as "ヴェ"(Ve), they are generally not written in hiragana. It should also be noted that although the foreign words in Japanese originate from languages such as English, French, German, etc., their pronunciation has been changed, and they are only approximate pronunciations, which may be different from the actual pronunciation of foreign words. E.g"カフェ"(Cafe)’s Japanese pronunciation of "kafe" is very similar to the pronunciation of its etymology "café", but "ビールThe Japanese pronunciation of "bīru" (beer) is quite different from the Dutch "bier".
grammar
The sentence composition of Japanese is very similar to Korean. Those who are familiar with Korean may find that there are many similar parts in Japanese grammar. Basically, Japanese grammar is not complicated, but the order of sentence composition is quite different from Chinese grammar.
| Seemi | Basic type See るmiru(Look) | Basic honorifics See ますmimasu(Look) | Negative basic type 見ないminai(dont see) | Honorary Negative Basic Form See ませんmimasen(dont see) |
| Past tense See たmita(Saw) | Honorific past tense See ましたmimashita(Saw) | Negate past tense 見なかったminakatta(did not see it) | Honorific negation past tense See ませんでしたmimasendeshita(did not see it) | |
| Possibility See えるmieru(Can be seen) | Possibility of honorific See えますmiemasu(Can be seen) | Negative possibility 見えないmienai(Invisible) | ||
| redaka | adjective Redakai(Red) | Negative adjectives 赤くないakakunai(Not red) | Negative past tense adjectives 赤くなかったakakunakatta(It was not red before) |
Sentence composition
Auxiliary pronunciation pseudonym"は」（ha）、「へ」（he)with"を」（wo) When used as an auxiliary word, the pronunciation changes to "wa」、「e"with"o」。 |
Japanese grammar generally follows the order of "subject-object-verb" (SOV), but Japanese grammar is very flexible and highly modular, and the meaning of a word will change according to the endings and special marks connected after it. The most common is the "は」（wa) And "を」（o). E.g:
- I watched the movie.
- privateはfilm movieをSee ました.
- Watashi-wa eiga-o mimashita.
- I-[theme] movie-[object] Looked
If the subject and object are mixed in the sentence, and the subject marked "が" (ga) Will make the sentence more complicated.
- I found that she likes tea.
- privateはThe girlがおTeaを好きな事が分かった.
- Watashi-wa kanojo-ga ocha-o sukinakoto-ga wakatta.
- I-[theme] she-[subject] Tea-[object] like-[subject] understood
Those who learn Japanese may spend a long time to understand the "theme" (with "は」（wa) Mark) and "subject" (marked with "が」（ga) Mark) difference. For beginners, just remember that in most cases you can use "は」（wa) To mark the person doing something.
Some other useful example sentences include:
- の（no): possessive mark
- Mother's child
- motherのson
- haha no ko
- で（de）、に（ni): mark place and time
- In tokyo
- Tokyoで
- Tōkyō-de
- At two o'clock
- 2 o'clockに
- niji-ni
- から（kara）、へ（e）、まで（made): From, to, to...
- From here to Osaka to Nara
- こ こからOsakaへNaraまで
- koko kara Ōsaka-e Nara-made
- と（to）、か（ka):and / or
- This and that
- これとそれ
- kore to sore
- This or that
- これかそれ
- kore ka sore
- か？（ka?): added at the end of the sentence to express interrogative sentences
- Are you going to Tokyo?
- Tokyo に行きますか?
- Tōkyō ni ikimasu ka?
Phrase list
Kanji and Kana Although there are a large number of Chinese characters in Japanese, the meanings of many Chinese characters are similar to Chinese characters. However, in various occasions, there are often cases where only pseudonyms are used, such as indicators in public places, product packaging, and so on. For example, the Japanese for the platform is "Chengrichang」（noriba), just look at the words "take" and "field" should be more or less understood as "a place to ride something", but usually in the station will be marked with a pseudonym as "のりば". Or the Japanese and Chinese words in the throat "throat」（nodo) Is the same, but Chinese characters are often used instead of Chinese characters on the packaging of medicines.のど"" Sometimes it is expressed in katakana. |
Base
- Hi. (good afternoon)
- こんにちは.Konnichiwa. (kon-nee-chee-wah)
- Are you OK?
- お元気ですか?O-genki desu ka? (Oh-GEN-kee dess-ka?)
- Yes, thanks to you.
- はい、お阴様です.Hai, okage sama desu.
- how about you?
- あなたは?Anata wa? (Ah-nah-tah wa)
- Your name is?
- お名前は?O-namae wa? (Oh-nah-mah-eh wah?)
- my name is……
- …Desu.... desu. (... dess.)
- nice to meet you. (Official terms)
- 始めまして.どうぞ宜しくお愿いします。Hajimemashite. Dōzo yoroshiku onegaishimasu. (Hah-jee-meh-mash-teh dohh-zoh yoh-roh-sh-ku oh-neh-gah-ee shee-mah-ss)
- Please. (ask)
- お愿いします.Onegai shimasu. (oh-neh-gah-ee shee-mahs)
- Please. (invite)
- U ぞ-do.Dōzo. (Dohh-zoh)
- This person is... (when introducing others)
- こちらは…Kochira wa ... (ko-chi-rah wah...)
- thank you very much. (Very formal term)
- どうもありがとうございます.Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu. (doh-moh ah-ree-GAH-toh go-ZAh-ee-mah-ss)
- Thank you. (Slightly formal terms)
- ありがとうございます.Arigatō gozaimasu. (ah-ree-GAH-toh go-ZAh-ee-mahs)
- thanks. (Common language)
- ありがとう.Arigatō. (ah-ree-GAH-toh)
- thanks. (Common language)
- どうも.Dōmo. (doh-moh)
- You're welcome.
- どういたしまして.Dō itashimashite. (doh EE-tah-shee mah-shteh)
- Yes
- はい.hai (High)
- no
- いいえ.iie (EE-eh)
- Excuse me.
- すみません.Sumimasen. (soo-mee-mah-sen)
- sorry.
- ごめんなさい.Gomen nasai. (goh-men-nah-sah-ee)
- Sorry (less formal)
- ごめん.Gomen. (goh-men)
- goodbye. (Long time)
- さようなら.Sayōnara. (sa-YOHH-nah-rah)
- goodbye. (Less formal)
- じゃね.Ja ne. (Jah-neh)
- I don't (very) speak Japanese.
- 日本語が（よく）话せません.Nihongo ga (yoku) hanasemasen. ( nee-hohn-goh gah (yo-koo) hah-nah-seh-mah-sen)
- Can you speak Japanese?
- Japanese が话せますか?Nihongo ga hanasemasu ka? (ni-HON-go gah hah-nah-se-mahs-KAH?)
- Yes, a little bit.
- はい、少し.Hai, sukoshi. (HIGH sko-shee)
- Can you speak English?
- English が话せますか?Eigo ga hanasemasu ka? (EHH-goh gah hah-nah-seh-mahs-KAH?)
- Is there anyone who can speak English?
- Who か英语が话せますか?Dareka eigo ga hanasemasu ka? (dah-reh-kah EHH-goh gah hah-nah-seh-moss-KAH?)
- can you speak Chinese?
- Chinese が话せますか?Chūgokugo ga hanasemasu ka? (CHU-goh-ku-goh gah hah-nah-seh-mahs-KAH?)
- Is there anyone who can speak Chinese?
- Who か中国语が话せますか?Dareka chūgokugo ga hanasemasu ka? (dah-reh-kah-CHU-goh-ku-goh gah hah-nah-seh-moss-KAH?)
- Please speak slower.
- ゆっくり话してください.Yukkuri hanashite kudasai. (YOO-kuree hanash-teh koo-dah-sah-ee)
- Please say that again.
- もう一度言ってください.Mō ichido itte kudasai. (mo EE-chee-doh ee-te koo-dah-sah-ee)
- please help me!
- Help けて!Tasukete! (tahs-keh-teh!)
- Danger!
- 危ない!Abunai! (ah-boo-NIGH!)
- Good morning.
- おはようございます.Ohayō gozaimasu. (oh-hah-YOH go-zah-ee-mahs)
- Good morning. (Less formal)
- おはよう.Ohayō.
- good evening.
- こんばんは.Kombanwa. (kohn-bahn-wah)
- Good night. (Before bed)
- お休みなさい.Oyasuminasai. (oh-yah-soo-mee-nah-sigh)
- Good night. (Before bed, less formal)
- お休み.Oyasumi.
- I do not understand.
- 分かりません.Wakarimasen. (wah-kah-ree-mah-sen)
- I'm not Japanese.
- Japanese ではありません.Nihonjin dewa arimasen. (nee-hon-jin deh-wah a-ree-ma-sehn)
- Where is the toilet?
- お手洗い・トイレはどこですか?Otearai/toire wa doko desu ka? (Oh-teh-ah-rah-ee/toh-ee-reh wah DOH-koh dess kah?)
- What?
- what?Nani? (nah-nee)
- where?
- where?Doko? (doh-koh)
- who?
- who?Dare? (dah-reh)
- when?
- いつ?Itsu? (it-soo)
- Which one?
- どれ?Dore? (doh-reh)
- Why?
- どうして?Dōshite (doh-sh'teh)
- how? how?
- どうやって?Dōyatte (dohh-yah-teh)
- How much)?
- いくら?Ikura? (ee-koo-rah)
- What kind?
- どんな?Donna? (dohn-nah)
problem
How to say "no"? The expression of "no" in Japanese is not as direct as other languages. Some people even say that one of the characteristics of Japanese is "unwilling to say "no". The most common Japanese equivalent to "no" is "いいえ」（iie), but it is usually used to politely deny praise from others (similar to the Chinese expression of "you passed the award"), such as "you speak Japanese very well!" "いいえ (not), I said Very bad." In addition to "いいえ", there are other expressions of "no" in Japanese. The following are common ones:
|
- leave me alone. (do not bother me.)
- ほっといてくれ.Hottoitekure.
- Do not touch me!
- さわらないで!Sawaranaide!
- I will call the police!
- Police を呼ぶよ!Keisatsu o yobu yo!
- police!
- police!Keisatsu!
- Patrolman!
- お巡りさん!Omawarisan!
- stop! Thief!
- 动くな! Mud stick!Ugokuna! Dorobō!
- I need to ask you for help.
- 手伝ってください.Tetsudatte kudasai.
- This is urgent.
- Urgent です.Kinkyū desu.
- I'm lost.
- 道に迷っています.Michi ni mayotte imasu.
- My bag is missing
- 鞄をなくしました.Kaban o nakushimashita.
- My wallet has fallen off.
- 财布をおとしました.Saifu o otoshimashita.
- I am sick.
- 病気です.Byōki desu.
- I feel uncomfortable.
- 具合がわるいです.Guai ga warui desu.
- I'm injured.
- けがをしました.Kega o shimashita.
- Please call a doctor.
- 医者を呼んでください.Isha o yonde kudasai.
- Can I borrow your phone?
- Phone を使わせていただけますか?Denwa o tsukawasete itadakemasu ka?
Medical emergency
- I'd like to see a doctor.
- 医者に见てもらいたいです。Isha ni mite moraitai desu.
- Is there a doctor who can speak Chinese?
- Chinese の出る医者はいますか?Chūgokugo no dekiru isha wa imasu ka?
- Please take me to the doctor.
- 医者に连れていって下さい.Isha ni tsurete itte kudasai.
- The wife/sir/child is sick.
- Wife·Danna·Zi Gongが病気です.Tsuma/danna/kodomo ga byōki desu.
- Please call an ambulance.
- 救急车を呼んで下さい.Kyūkyūsha o yonde kudasai.
- Please give the first aid kit.
- 応急手当をして下さい.Ōkyū teate o shite kudasai.
- I need to go to the emergency room.
- 救急室にいかなければなりません。Kyūkyūshitsu ni ikanakereba narimasen.(Simply speaking:救急室に行かないと.Kyūkyūshitsu ni ikanai to.）
- How long will it take to heal?
- 治るのにどの位かかりますか?Naoru no ni dono kurai kakarimasu ka?
- Where is the pharmacy?
- 薬局はどこですか?Yakkyoku wa doko desu ka?
allergy
- I am allergic to...
- 私は…アレルギーです.Watashi wa ... arerugii desu.(Note: Japanese Arerugii translated from De Allergie)
- antibiotic
- Anti-biomasskōsei busshitsu
- aspirin
- Asperinasupirin
- Codeine
- コデインkodein
- Dairy products
- Dairy productsnyūseihin
- Food coloring
- Artificial coloring materialjinkō chakushokuryō
- Mushrooms
- funguskinrui
- MSG
- Ajinomotoajinomoto
- mushroom
- キノコkinoko
- peanut
- ピーナッツpīnattsu
- penicillin
- ペニシリンpenishirin
- pollen
- pollenkafun
- seafood
- Fish and shellfishgyokairui
- Sesame
- ゴマgoma
- Crustaceans
- Crustaceanskōkakurui
- (From trees) nuts, fruits, berries
- Woodkinomi
- wheat
- wheatkomugi
Symptom description
Body parts
|
- ...(Body parts) are painful.
- …が痛い.... ga itai.
- Physical discomfort.
- 気分が悪い.Kibun ga warui.
- Have a fever.
- Hot があります.Netsu ga arimasu.
- Coughed.
- Cough がでます.Seki ga demasu.
- Feel tired.
- 体がだるい.Karada ga darui.
- Feel nauseous.
- 吐き気がします。Hakike ga shimasu.
- Feel dizzy.
- めまいがします.Memai ga shimasu.
- Shivering.
- 寒気がします.Samuke ga shimasu.
- Seems to have swallowed something by mistake.
- 何かを呑んでしまいました.Nanika o nonde shimaimashita.
- bleeding.
- Bleeding です.Shukketsu desu.
- Fractured.
- Fracture です.Kossetsu desu.
- fainted.
- Unknown です.Ishiki fumei desu.
- Burned.
- Fire hurt です.Yakedo desu.
- Feeling difficult to breathe.
- Difficulty breathing です.Kokyū konnan desu.
- heart attack.
- 心臓発作です.Shinzō hossa desu.
- Can't see clearly.
- Vision が落ちました.Shiryoku ga ochimashita.
- I can't hear you too much.
- 耳がよく聴こえません。Mimi ga yoku kikoemasen.
- I had a lot of nosebleeds.
- 鼻血がよくでます。Hanaji ga yoku demasu.
Extreme climate
- Blizzard
- Blow snow (fubuki)
- earthquake
- earthquake (jishin)
- flood
- flood (kōzui)
- Earth-rock flow
- Slippery (jisuberi)
- Tsunami
- Tsuba (tsunami)
- typhoon
- typhoon (taifū)
- volcanic eruptions
- Spitfire (funka)
number
Arabic numerals are commonly used in Japan, and Chinese characters are occasionally used (such as the menus of high-end Japanese cuisine restaurants). Japanese kanji numbers are almost the same as Chinese. In terms of numbers in large units, Japanese and Chinese use four numbers as a group (English is a group of three numbers, such as 10000, and both Chinese and Japanese are "ten thousand" (Ten thousand), and English is "ten-thousand", that is, "ten thousand"), so Chinese users should be very familiar with the expression of numbers in Japanese. Please note that unlike Chinese, the "one" of one hundred and one thousand in Japanese will be omitted, and numerals will be added directly after hundred and thousand, and the common "zero" in Chinese will be omitted. 101 in Japanese will be pronounced as "One Hundred One" instead of "One Hundred One".
The pronunciation of Japanese numbers and Chinese can be said to be very similar, but it should be noted that there are two different pronunciations of "4" and "7", which will be marked below.
Quantity units in Japanese Same as Chinese, when calculating the quantity of items, there are also different units of item quantity in Japanese. For example, the Japanese for two bottles of beer is "ビール 2 books」（bīru nihon),in"Book"(Hon) means "bottle" in Japanese. "2 cars」（kuruma ni-dai) Means two cars, "tower」（dai) Is the unit for calculating vehicles and machines. It should be noted that, unlike Chinese, the number of Japanese must be placed after the noun, so in Chinese we would say "two bottles of beer", but in Japanese it is "two bottles of beer" (ビール 2 books)(can not say"2 ビール"). Some commonly used quantity units are as follows:
It should be noted that the pronunciation of many quantitative units will change according to the preceding numbers. E.g"A cup」、「Two cups」、「Three cups"Is pronounced as"ippai」、「nihai」、「sanbai". There are also exceptions to the number of people thinking, "one person"with"Two people"Is pronounced"hitori」、「futari", three or more people are numbers, plus "people」（nin). There are exceptions to the pronunciation of age, "20 years old"Usually pronounced as "はたち」（hatachi）。 |
- 0
- 〇 (zero / maru) / zero (rei)
- 1
- one (ichi)
- 2
- two (ni)
- 3
- three (san)
- 4
- Four (yon / shi)
- 5
- five (go)
- 6
- six (roku)
- 7
- seven (nana / shichi)
- 8
- Eight (hachi)
- 9
- Nine (kyū)
- 10
- ten (jū)
- 11
- eleven (jū-ichi)
- 12
- twelve (jū-ni)
- 13
- Thirteen (jū-san)
- 14
- fourteen (jū-yon)
- 15
- fifteen (jū-go)
- 16
- sixteen (jū-roku)
- 17
- Seventeen (jū-nana)
- 18
- eighteen (jū-hachi)
- 19
- nineteen (jū-kyū/jū-ku)
- 20
- twenty (ni-jū)
- 21
- twenty one (ni-jū-ichi)
- 22
- twenty two (ni-jū-ni)
- 23
- twenty-three (ni-jū-san)
- 30
- thirty (san-jū)
- 40
- forty (yon-jū)
- 50
- Fifty (go-jū)
- 60
- sixty (roku-jū)
- 70
- seventy (nana-jū)
- 80
- eighty (hachi-jū)
- 90
- ninety (kyū-jū)
- 100
- Hundred (hyaku)
- 101
- One hundred one (hyaku-ichi)
- 110
- One hundred ten (hyaku-jū)
- 200
- two hundred (nihyaku)
- 300
- three hundred (sambyaku)
- 600
- Six hundred (roppyaku)
- 800
- Eight hundred (happyaku)
- 1000
- thousand (sen)
- 2000
- Two thousand (ni-sen)
- 3000
- Three thousand (san-zen)
- 10,000
- Ten thousand (ichi-man)
- 1,000,000
- million (hyaku-man)
- 100,000,000
- 100 million (ichi-oku)
- 1,000,000,000,000
- A trillion (itchō)
- 0.5
- 〇・Five (rei ten go)
- 0.56
- 〇・Five Six (rei ten go-roku)
- No. × (train, bus, order, etc.)
- × Fan (× ban)
- half
- Half a minute (hanbun)
- a little
- Shao nai (sukunai)
- A lot
- More (ōi)
time
- now
- this (ima)
- after
- Back で (atode)
- before
- Before (mae ni)
- in front
- …の前に (... no mae ni)
- Morning
- towards (asa)
- morning
- morning (gozen)
- afternoon
- Afternoon (gogo)
- evening
- Yukata (yūgata)
- night
- night (yoru)
Time
On the whole hour, add "after the pronunciation of the Chinese characterTime」（ji) Constitute, such as "5 o'clock」（goji). But please note "Four o'clock"Should be pronounced "よじ」（yoji) Instead of "しじ」（shiji）。「morning」（gozen) Can correspond to the "morning" in modern Chinese, "Afternoon」（gogo) Can correspond to the afternoon, and in more detail, you can say in the morning "towards」（asa), you can say "night」（yoru). The 24-hour system is widely used in formal occasions, such as train schedules. The official TV program list uses a special 24-hour system. For example, "26:00" on Monday actually refers to 2:00 in the morning on Tuesday.
- 6 o'clock in the morning
- Towards 6 o'clock (asa rokuji)
- 9:00
- 9 o'clock in the morning (gozen kuji)
- noon
- noon (shōgo)
- 1 pm
- 1 o'clock in the afternoon (gogo ichiji.)
- 2pm
- 2 o'clock in the afternoon (gogo niji)
- 12 o'clock / midnight
- 12 o'clock at night (yoru jūniji) / Zero hour (rēji)
date
The date expression in Japanese is not simply a number month or a number day, but a part of the phonetic change. The numbers in the "number day" part are Japanese inherent numerals and require special memory.
month
- January
- January (ichi gatsu)
- February
- February (ni gatsu)
- March
- March (san gatsu)
- April
- April (shi gatsu)
- May
- May (go gatsu)
- June
- June (roku gatsu)
- July
- July (shichi gatsu)
- August
- August (hachi gatsu)
- September
- September (ku gatsu)
- October
- October (jū gatsu)
- November
- November (jūichi gatsu)
- December
- December (jūni gatsu)
day
- number 1
- One day (tsuitachi)
- number 2
- Two days (futsuka)
- number 3
- Three days (mikka)
- No 4
- Four days (yokka)
- Number 5
- Five days (itsuka)
- number 6
- Six days (muika)
- Number 7
- Seven days (nanoka)
- number 8
- Eight days (yōka)
- No.9
- Nine days (kokonoka)
- 10th
- Ten days (tōka)
- number 11
- Eleventh (jū-ichi nichi)
- 12th
- Twelve days (jū-ni nichi)
- no. 13
- Thirteenth (jū-san nichi)
- 14th
- Fourteenth (jū-yokka)
- 15th
- Fifteenth (jū-go nichi)
- 16th
- 16th (jū-roku nichi)
- number 17
- Seventeenth (jū-shichi nichi)
- 18th
- Eighteenth (jū-hachi nichi)
- 19th
- Nineteenth (jū-ku nichi)
- number 20
- 20th (hatsuka)
- The 21st
- 21st (ni-jū-ichi nichi)
- number 22
- 22nd (ni-jū-ni nichi)
- 23rd
- 23rd (ni-jū-san nichi)
- 24th
- Twenty-fourth (ni-jū-yokka)
- No.25
- 25th (ni-jū-go nichi)
- No. 26
- 26th (ni-jū-roku nichi)
- 27th
- 27th (ni-jū-shichi nichi)
- 28th
- 28th (ni-jū-hachi nichi)
- 29th
- Twenty-ninth (ni-jū-ku nichi)
- day 30th
- Thirty days (san-jū nichi)
- No. 31
- 31st (san-jū-ichi nichi)
Week
- Monday
- Lunar day (getsuyōbi)
- Tuesday
- Fire day (kayōbi)
- Wednesday
- Water day (suiyōbi)
- Thursday
- Mu Yaori (mokuyōbi)
- Friday
- Jin Yaori (kinyōbi)
- Saturday
- Earth Day (doyōbi)
- Sunday
- Sunday (nichiyōbi)