Saint Eustatius - 圣尤斯特歇斯

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Saint Eustatius，Leeward IslandsAn island, originally in the Netherlands Antilles, is nowNetherlandsThe special administrative region of the Netherlands, together with the islands of Ponnech and Saba, which are also special administrative regions of the Netherlands, are collectively called the "BES islands".

Saint EustatiusLocated in the northern part of the Caribbean Sea, it covers an area of ​​21 square kilometers and has a population of approximately 2500 people. CapitalOranjestad。

The island was originally inhabited by the Caribs among the Indians and was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1493. In the following 150 years, the island was contended by many forces. In 1636, it was occupied by the Dutch West India Company. In 1678, the Dutch West India Company announced its direct rule of the island. At that time, the island’s economy was dominated by sugarcane cultivation. In the early 18th century, the island became one of the first Jewish strongholds in the New World.

In the 18th century, the island was called Golden Rock because it was a paradise for smuggling and piracy. No matter how the big powers block each other, the merchants here have always adhered to the principle of selling when someone bids, making this extremely prosperous for a while. During the American Revolution, the island was one of the few passages through which the United States traded with the outside world. On November 16, 1776, the governor of the island fired a salute to the visiting American ship Andrew Doria, becoming the first political entity to actually recognize the United States. In 1778, a British officer stated in the British Parliament: "If Sint Eustatius sank into the sea three years ago, we would have fixed George Washington." Saint Eustatius andU.SThe good relationship between the Netherlands eventually led to the outbreak of the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War. The Netherlands was defeated in this war, and sea dominance suffered a devastating blow.

February 3, 1781,UKAdmiral George Rodney captured Saint Eustatius and soon France captured the island. In 1784, the Netherlands regained the island. Due to the war and the great hurricane of 1780, the population of Saint Eustatius dropped from 20,000 at its peak to 3,600, and it never recovered. The Netherlands also transferred its dominance in the West IndiesCuracao。

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