| Bosphorus | |
 | |
| Area type | Strict |
|---|---|
| State | Turkey |
Bosphorus (Boğaz or İstanbul Boğazı) is a strait located in the Turkey, which connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara
To know
In the Bosphorus Strait on the surface, the water of the Black Sea flows towards the Mediterranean, and at a depth of about 40 meters a weaker undercurrent flows in the opposite direction. The average speed is 3 knots, about 5.5 km / h, in places even up to 8 knots, almost 15 km / h. The Black Sea has a surplus of water due to its water-rich tributaries, such as the Danube, Dniester, Don, etc. In the Mediterranean, there is more evaporation of water than flows from rivers, so there is a lack of water. The underground current is caused by the salinity twice as high as the waters of the Mediterranean Sea, which makes the water heavier as it falls back to the bottom. With rare southerly winds, it can also happen that the water flow turns on the surface and flows in reverse.
The tides are very weak in the Bosphorus Strait.
Geographical notes
It separates the Asian continent from the European one and connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara. It is 32 km long, with a maximum width of 3,700 m at the north entrance and a minimum width of 700 m between Kandilli is Aşiyan and 750 m between Anadoluhisarı is Rumelihisarı. The depth changes from 36 to 124 m in the middle of the river. Like a mighty stream, the strait winds from its southern end to the height of the promontory with the tomb of Hipposthenes of Megara, corresponding to the southern tip of Galata. through coherent villages, between palaces, mosques, churches, castles, to the north, connecting two seas and dividing two parts of the world.
Flora and fauna
The banks of the Bosphorus were more forested in antiquity than they are today. The entire north side of the Gulf of Keras (Golden Horn) was also covered with forest. There are still forests today at the northern outlet to the Black Sea. Typical tree along the strait are the siliquastro or Judas trees (Erguvan, Latin: Cercis siliquastrum is Cercis racemosa) which are in bloom during late spring (especially early May).
On the Bosphorus there are several varieties of birds of prey; in particular the golden eagles, the coral chough, the serin and the eastern rock partridge.
When to go
During late spring (especially early May), when the siliquaster trees, which are a sort of symbol of the Bosphorus and which dot the hills along the Bosphorus, are in full bloom with their deep pink flowers, swallowing both sides of the strait. However, all seasons are interesting on the Bosphorus Strait, apart from winter which often brings cold winds from the north.
Background
The emergence of the Bosphorus is due to several intersecting trench fractures (main fault lines from north-east to south-west and from north-west to south-east), through which probably only in the flood time (at around 5600 BC) the Thracian-Bitinian land bridge (an ancient Devonian plain) was torn apart, forming the Bosphorus.For the most part, the banks of the Bosphorus are formed by Devonian deposits, while the mouth of the Pontus is torn with eruptive rocks (basalts, dolerites, andesites, trachytes) and the Byzantion peninsula is made up of Miocene layers.
The Bosphorus was actually the main one street of Constantinople, if, under this name, the whole aggregate of the city is understood, including suburbs and villages.
Territories and tourist destinations
Bosphorus: full screen map.The neighborhoods facing the Bosphorus are:
- İstinye —
- Tarabya - On the European shore, Tarabya is famous for its seafood restaurants, nightclubs and various entertainment opportunities.
- Yeniköy - One of the most exclusive residential areas in Istanbul.
How to get
How to get around
By public transport
The most convenient method of public transport along the strait are the water buses (İŞH) which depart in Istanbul from the pier (İskele) of the Bosphorus (Boğaz İskelesi).
The piers (İskele) on the European side
- 1 in Arnavutköy Mah / BEŞİKTAŞ
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 2 Ayvansaray İskelesi in Ayvansaray Mah / FATİH
- Line of the gulf of the Golden Horn (Haliç Hattı), with İŞH boats, see timetable[link not working].
- 3 Balat Deniz Taksi İskele in İç Yol Ayvansaray Mah / FATİH
- Line of the gulf of the Golden Horn (Haliç Hattı), with İŞH boats, see timetable[link not working].
- 4 Bebek İskelesi in Bebek Mah / BEŞİKTAŞ
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 5 Beşiktaş İskelesi in Sınanpaşa Mah / BEŞİKTAŞ
- Kadiköy - Beşiktaş Line (Kadiköy - Eminönü Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- Line of the long ride on the Bosphorus Strait (Uzun Boğaz Turu) of about six hours, with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 6 Eminönü (K) Boğaz İskelesi (Bosphorus Pier) in Hobyar Mah / FATİH
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 7 Eminönü Haliç İskelesi in Sarıdemir Mah / FATİH
- Line of the gulf of the Golden Horn (Haliç Hattı), with İŞH boats, see timetable[link not working].
- 8 Eminönü TurYol İskelesi in Rüstempaşa Mah / FATİH
- Boarding pier for TurYol Bosphorus boats and one and a half hour Bosphorus mini-cruises.
- 9 Eyüp İskelesi in Nişancı Mah / EYÜPSULTAN
- Line of the gulf of the Golden Horn (Haliç Hattı), with İŞH boats, see timetable[link not working].
- 10 Fener İskelesi to Yavuz Sultan Selim Mah / FATİH
- Line of the gulf of the Golden Horn (Haliç Hattı), with İŞH boats, see timetable[link not working].
- 11 Sirkeci (Arab Harem) İskelesi in Hocapaşa Mah / FATİH
- Sirkeci - Harem line, with İDO ferries, for vehicles and pedestrians, across the strait to the interurban bus terminal Harem Otogar on the Anatolian shore.
- 12 Hasköy İskelesi in Piripaşa Mah / BEYOĞLU
- Line of the gulf of the Golden Horn (Haliç Hattı), with İŞH boats, see timetable[link not working].
- 13 Eminönü Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi İskelesi in Hobyar Mah / FATİH
- Eminönü - Kadiköy - Adalar Line (Eminönü - Kadiköy - Adalar Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- Eminönü - Üsküdar Line (Eminönü - Üsküdar Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working]. If you just want to take a short trip across the strait, get on board at Eminönü and when you get to Üsküdar you go back.
- Line of the short ride on the Bosphorus Strait (Kısa Boğaz Turu) of about two hours, with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- Line of the long ride on the Bosphorus Strait (Uzun Boğaz Turu) of about six hours, with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 14 15 Kabataş İskelesi in Ömer Avnı Mah / BEYOĞLU
- İDO Lines
- 16 İstanbul Karaköy in Kılıçali Paşa Mah / BEYOĞLU
- Pier for cruise ships.
- 17 Evliyâ Çelebi İskelesi in Hobyar Mah / FATİH
- Eminönü - Kadiköy Line (Eminönü - Kadiköy Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 18 Karaköy ȘH İskelesi in Kemankeş Karamustafapaşa Mah / BEYOĞLU
- Line of the gulf of the Golden Horn (Haliç Hattı), with İŞH boats, see timetable[link not working].
- 19 Karaköy TurYol İskelesi in Arap Camı Mah / BEYOĞLU
- TurYol boat dock for Eminönü, Üsküdar, Haydarpaşa, Kadiköy, and Kadiköy 2 (Çayırbasi).
- 20 Kasımpaşa İskelesi in Bedrettin Mah / BEYOĞLU
- Line of the gulf of the Golden Horn (Haliç Hattı), with İŞH boats, see timetable[link not working].
- 21 Katib Çelebi İskelesi in Hobyar Mah / FATİH
- This pier is now a small bookshop and memorabilia shop.
- 22 Ortaköy İskelesi in Mecıdıye Mah / BEŞİKTAŞ
- 23 Rumeli Kavağı İskelesi to Rumeli Kavağı Mah / SARIYER
- 24 Sarıyer (V) Emirgan İskelesi to Emirgan Mah / SARIYER
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 25 26 Sarıyer (K) İstinye İskelesi in İstinye Mah / SARIYER
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 27 Sarıyer (A) İstinye İskelesi
- 28 Sütlüce İskelesi in Sütlüce Mah / BEYOĞLU
- Gulf Line Golden Horn (Haliç Hattı), with İŞH boats, see timetable[link not working].
- 29 Yeniköy İskelesi in Yeniköy Mah / SARIYER
The piers (İskele) on the Anatolian shore
- 30 Anadolu Hisarı İskelesi to Anadolu Hisarı Mah / BEYKOZ
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 31 Anadolu Kavağı İskelesi to İç Yol Anadolu Kavağı / BEYKOZ
- 32 Beykoz İskelesi in Merkez Mah / BEYKOZ
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 33 Beylerbeyi İskelesi in Beylerbeyi Mah / ÜSKÜDAR
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 34 Çengelköy İskelesi in Çengelköy Mah / ÜSKÜDAR
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 35 Çubuklu İskelesi in Çubuklu Mah / BEYKOZ
- 36 Harem İskelesi in Selimiye Mah / ÜSKÜDAR
- Harem - Sirkeci line, with İDO ferries, for vehicles and pedestrians.
- 37 Haydarpaşa İskelesi in Rasimpaşa Mah / KADIKÖY
- 38 Kandilli İskelesi in Kandilli Mah / ÜSKÜDAR
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 39 Kanlıca İskelesi in Kanlıca Mah / BEYKOZ
- 40 Kadiköy ŞH İskelesi in Caferağa Mah / KADIKÖY
- 41 Kadiköy ŞH İskelesi
- 42 Kadiköy İDO İskelesi
- 43 Kartal İskelesi to Kordonboyu Mah / KARTAL
- İDO lines
- 44 Küçüksu İskelesi in Göksu Mah / BEYKOZ
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 45 Kuzguncuk İskelesi in Kuzguncuk Mah / ÜSKÜDAR
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- 46 Üsküdar İskelesi to Mimar Sinan Mah / ÜSKÜDAR
- Üsküdar - Eminönü Line (Üsküdar - Eminönü Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- Line of the gulf of the Golden Horn (Haliç Hattı), with İŞH boats, see timetable[link not working].
- Bosphorus Strait Line (Boğaz Hattı), with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- Line of the short ride on the Bosphorus Strait (Kısa Boğaz Turu) of about two hours, with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
- Line of the long ride on the Bosphorus Strait (Uzun Boğaz Turu) of about six hours, with İŞH water buses, see timetable[link not working].
What see
Civil construction
Three bridges connect the continents of Asia and Europe. The first, second and third decks are also popularly referred to on site.
- 1 Bridge of the Fallen of 15 July (15 Temmuz Şehitler Köprüsü, also called the "first bridge over the Bosphorus") (The bridge is located between Beylerbeyi (on the Asian side) e Ortaköy (on the European side).). The first bridge over the Bosphorus (1074 meters long, 39 meters wide and 105 meters high) was completed in 1973. The bridge carries six lanes, two emergency lanes and a sidewalk (closed to the public). The direction of travel of the main lanes is not fixed, but is adapted to the flow of traffic based on the time of day and day of the week.
- 2 Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge (Fatih Sultan Mehmet Köprüsü, also called the "second bridge over the Bosphorus") (The bridge is located between Kavacık (on the Asian side) e Hisarüstü (on the European side).). The second suspension bridge over the Bosphorus (1090 meters long, 39 meters wide, and 105 meters high) was completed in 1988. The bridge carries two carriageways, each divided into four lanes.
- 3 Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge (Yavuz Sultan Selim Köprüsü, also called the "third bridge over the Bosphorus") (The bridge is located between Poyrazköy (on the Asian side) e Garipçe (on the European side).). The third suspension bridge over the Bosphorus (2164 meters long, 59 meters wide, and 322 meters above sea level) was inaugurated on August 26, 2016. The bridge carries two carriageways, each divided into two lanes of motorway and a double-track railway.
