South Korea - Coreia do Sul

THE South Korea (한국, 韓國 Hanguk) [1] is a country of Far East.

Regions

Gyeonggi

gangwon

Northern Chungcheong

Southern Chungcheong

Northern Gyeongsang

South Gyeongsang

Northern Jeolla

South Jeolla

fast

Cities

1 Seoul (서울) - South Korea's dynamic 600-year-old capital, a fusion of ancient and modern

2 busan (부산, 釜山) - the second largest city and one of the main ports in Korea

3 Chuncheon (춘천, 春川) - capital of Gangwon province, surrounded by lakes and mountains and known for local dishes, dakgalbi and makguksu

4 Daegu (대구, 大邱) - a cosmopolitan city, rich in traditions and ancient sights

5 Daejeon (대전, 大田) - a large and dynamic metropolis located in Chungnam province

6 Gwangju (광주, 光州) - the administrative and economic center of the area, the largest city in the province

7 Gyeongju (경주, 慶州) - the former capital of the Kingdom of Silla

8 Incheon (인천, 仁川) - second busiest port in the country, location of the largest international airport in the country

9 Jeonju (전주, 全 州) - Once the spiritual capital of the Joseon dynasty, now an important arts center filled with museums, ancient Buddhist temples and historic monuments

Other destinations

Understand

History

Ancient History and Founding of a Nation

Archaeological finds of prehistoric tool making on the Korean peninsula date back to 70,000 BC, and the first pottery is found around 8,000 BC. Comb pattern pottery culture peaked around 3500–2000 BC.

Legend has it that Korea began with the founding of Gojoseon (고조선, 古 朝鮮, also called Ancient Chosun) by the legendary Dangun in 2333 BC. Archaeological and contemporary written records of Gojoseon as a kingdom date from the 7th to the 4th century BC. Gojoseon was eventually defeated by the Han Chinese dynasty and its territories were ruled as four commandments. Political chaos following the fall of the Han dynasty in China allowed native tribes to regain control of Korea and led to the emergence of the Three Kingdoms of Korea (삼국 시대, 三國 時代), ie, Goguryeo (고구려, 高句麗), Silla (신라 , 新 ​​​​羅) and Baekje (백제, 百 濟). Despite repeated attempts by China, namely the Sui Dynasty and later the Tang Dynasty, to conquer the Korean Peninsula, Goguryeo, in the north of the country, managed to repel it. Eventually, Goguryeo fell to a Silla-Tang alliance, which had previously defeated Baekje, and unified Korea under the Silla dynasty. A later invasion by the Tang was repelled by Silla's forces, thus maintaining Korea's independence. The remnants of Goguryeo would continue to found another kingdom known as Balhae (발해, 渤海) in what is now northeastern China, which would last until AD 926, when it was conquered by the Khitans.

Unified Silla was replaced by the Goryeo dynasty (고려, 高麗, also called Koryo), from which the modern name "Korea" derives. A highlight of the Goryeo dynasty was that, in 1234, the world's first movable type of metal was invented by a Korean named Choe Yun-ui (200 years before the Gutenberg press). Goryeo was replaced by the Joseon dynasty (조선, 朝鮮, also called Chosun) after a coup blow by one of their generals. The Joseon dynasty ruled Korea from 1392 to 1910, making it one of the oldest actively ruling dynasties in world history. It was during the early Joseon dynasty that Korean technological inventions took place, such as the world's first water clock, iron ship and other innovations. During the reign of King Sejong the Great, the world's first rain gauge was invented and the Korean alphabet known as Hangul was created.

Japanese occupation and division

Korea was invaded by the Japanese led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the late 16th century, who was eventually defeated by an alliance between the Joseon dynasty and the Ming dynasty of China. This defeat and Hideyoshi's untimely death forced the Japanese to withdraw from Korea.

Later, Korea's status as an independent kingdom under the Chinese sphere of cultural influence (사대 sadae) ended in 1895 after China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War and the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Under the terms of the treaty, China was to acknowledge the disruption of the centuries-old nominal relationship between siblings China and Korea, providing Japan with the window of opportunity to force Korea into its growing sphere of influence. Although the older and younger brother relationship between China and Joseon was a voluntary diplomatic formality undertaken by Joseon's rulers to receive the benefits of advanced Chinese culture and commerce, it was a symbolic victory for Japan to break that bond. It put Japan in a position to take possession of Korea without fear of Chinese intervention. In 1910, Imperial Japan annexed Korea, thus initiating a 35-year occupation of the country. Despite numerous armed rebellions, assassinations, and intellectual and cultural resistance, suppression and a policy of cultural assimilation that included forcing Koreans to take Japanese names and forbidding them to speak the Korean language allowed Japan to maintain control of the peninsula.

After the defeat of Imperial Japan in World War II, Soviet forces occupied the northern half of Korea, while US forces occupied the southern half. North and South Korea declared independence as separate states in 1948. Kim Il-Sung established a communist regime with the support of the Soviet Union in the north, and Syngman Rhee established a capitalist regime with the support of the United States in the south. After antagonism on both sides, North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950, starting the Korean War, which destroyed much of the country. US and other United Nations forces intervened on the South Korean side, while the Soviet Union and China supported the North. An armistice was signed in 1953, dividing the peninsula along a demilitarized zone, after the war reached an impasse, with no significant territorial gains achieved by either side. However, as no peace treaty was signed, the two Koreas technically remain at war with each other to this day.

Republic of Korea

Despite initially being overtaken economically by its northern rival, South Korea eventually emerged from the ashes of the Korean War and achieved rapid economic growth starting in the 1960s under President Park Chung-hee. As one of the East Asian tigers, efforts to industrialize and modernize the South Korean economy gained momentum in the 1980s and 1990s, and per capita income increased 20 times that of North Korea. In 1996, South Korea joined the OECD. Today, South Korea is an industrialized and developed economy with some of the world's leading high-tech companies such as Samsung and LG.

The demand for greater freedom of expression and human rights led to demonstrations across the country that led to democratic elections in 1987, just before the South Korean capital of Seoul hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics.

South Korea is now a liberal democracy and an economic powerhouse. The peace process with the North is still underway at a glacial pace, with little sign that the status quo will change any time soon. In 2012, the country elected its first woman president, Park Geun-hye, although she was dramatically ousted from power in 2017 after widespread demonstrations about alleged corruption involving personal connections and Korea's biggest companies.

The cultural phenomenon known as the Korean Wave (한류 hallyu) has swept most of Asia and many other parts of the world as cinema, television, music, food and other cultural aspects of South Korea have become popular.

To arrive

• Brazilians do not need a visa to visit the country.

By airplane

• In São Paulo, three weekly flights by Korean Air
• Indirect flights: from São Paulo, by Air France (via Paris), British Airways (via London), KLM (via Amsterdam), Lufthansa (via Frankfurt and Munich to Seoul and Busan), Emirates Airlines (via Dubai), Turkish Airlines ( via Istanbul), Qatar Airways (via Doha); of Rio de Janeiro, by Air France (via Paris), British Airways (via London), KLM (via Amsterdam), Lufthansa (via Frankfurt) and Emirates (via Dubai); in Lisbon, by Air France (via Paris), British Airways (via London), KLM (via Amsterdam), Lufthansa (via Frankfurt and Munich to Seoul and Busan) and Finnair (via Helsinki)

Of boat

By car

By bus/bus

By train/train

Circular

By airplane

Of boat

By car

By bus/bus

By train/train

Speak

• South Korea's official language is Korean, which is also spoken in its neighboring country, North Korea.

Buy

With the

• Kimchi

drink and go out

sleep

Learn

• Education is taken very seriously in South Korea, and the country is home to several world-class universities, many of which have exchange agreements with various foreign universities, and are a good way for foreigners to experience life in the country. The most prestigious general universities, collectively known as SKY, are Seoul National University (SNU), Yonsei University and Korea University, the former being widely regarded as the undisputed number one university in South Korea. Korea Advanced Science and Technology (KAIST) and Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) are considered the leading universities specializing in science and engineering. Others: Taekwondo (태권도 taegwondo, literally "the way to kick and punch") - The quintessential Korean martial art that is also an Olympic sport, and can be studied at any of the numerous schools across the country. Cooking - Most major cities offer Korean cooking classes for foreigners.(Kimchi - Currently, many tour packages include learning how to make Korean kimchi.) Changgeuk (창극) or pansori (판소리) - If you like music, that's good for you. It is a unique Korean traditional way of singing. If you want to learn about pansori through the film, Seopyeonje (서편제) (1993) would be an excellent choice. Korean Language - Seoul National University, Korea University, Sogang University and Yonsei University (in Seoul) offer Korean language programs. Korean traditional dance - It is possible to go to a dance studio and learn Korean traditional dance. Baduk (바둑) - Korean name for the ancient Chinese board game called Go in English and Japanese. Many Koreans play the game and among them are some of the best players. There are even schools specializing in baduk. Janggi (장기) - Also known as Korean chess, a board game similar to Chinese chess with which it shares its origins, although the rules of the two games diverged significantly.

Work

Safety

Health

respect

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