 El-Ḥammām monastery, view to the southwest | ||
| Deir el-ammām · دير الحمام | ||
| Governorate | Beni Suef | |
|---|---|---|
| Residents | unknown | |
no value for residents on Wikidata:  | ||
| height | 30 m | |
| no tourist info on Wikidata: | ||
| location | ||
| ||
Deir el-Hammam, Arabic:دير الحمام, Dair al-Ḥammām, is a nunnery in Middle Egypt in the northwest of the GovernoratesBeni Suef at a short distance to the el-Faiyūmwhich is dedicated to St. Abā Isḥāq and St. Virgin was consecrated. The monastery is located in the northwest of the name-giving village el-Ḥammām.
background
location
The village 1 el-Ḥammām
and the monastery are located in the fertile land immediately north of the Būsch air base of the Egyptian Air Force, about 19 kilometers northwest of the city Beni Suef.
A good 2 kilometers northwest of the village, 4.5 kilometers northeast of the village el-Lāhūn and 2.7 kilometers east of the pyramid of Sesostris ’II. is the Deir el-Ḥammām monastery, already in the desert near the edge of the fruiting land at a point that also agar el-Lāhūn,حجر اللاهون, Is called.
history
About the Village El-Ḥammām is little known apart from its population. In 2006 about 7200 people lived here.
About the neighboring monastery you know more.
The first description of the Monastery comes from Abū el-Makārim (* before 1160; † after 1190), which was created at the end of the 12th century:
- “Ḥaǧar al-Lāhūn. Here is the monastery of Saint Isaac; and the church is named after the Lady, the Virgin Mary. This church is spacious and beautifully planned, artistically built and designed and is similar to the church in the monastery of al-Qalamūn. There is also a small church in the [Monastery of Saint Isaac] named after the glorious martyr Isaac. There is a triple stone wall around this monastery. It [the monastery] is well visited and is located on the mountain north of al-Lāhūn, at the place called Barniyūda [برنيودة], In the mountains in the south of Faiyūm. "[1]
During this time the monastery flourished. Later it was apparently in decline, for the Arab historian el-Maqrīzī (1364–1442) no longer mentioned it in his church and monastery registers. The monastery is also mentioned in a treasure hunt manual from the 15th century, the "Book of Buried Pearls and Valuable Secrets on Hiding Places, Finds and Treasuries".[2]
The identity of the St. Isaac however, it is not clear. It is not certain that this is the martyr Isaak el-Difrawi (Isaac of Tiphre) from the province of el-Gharbīya, as Basil Evetts (1858-1919) said.[1] St. Isaac is considered a student of St. Anthony the Great (probably 251–356) and lived in the 4th century.
Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie (1853–1942) visited the monastery in 1889. The manuscripts and fragments he found here, which date from the eighth to eleventh centuries, were acquired four years later by Walter Ewing Crum (1865–1944) published.[3] The Jesuit Michel Jullien (1827–1911) followed in 1903[4] and 1928 Johann Georg, Duke of Saxony (1869–1938),[5] as another European visitor. Johann Georg described building fragments and dated the monastery to the 6th century.
getting there
The best way to get there is by car, taxi or motor rickshaw ("Tuqtuq").
The village and the monastery can be reached on the one hand via the (old) trunk road from the city al-Faiyūm to Beni Suef. In the village of el-Lāhūn one branches off before the bridge over the canal cross 1 29 ° 12 '10 "N.30 ° 58 ′ 16 ″ E to the road on the west side of the canal leading to the northeast and after about 7 kilometers reaches el-Ḥammām. Before reaching the village, you can go to 2 29 ° 14 '14 "N.30 ° 59 ′ 53 ″ E point to the north and after two kilometers you will reach the monastery.
Alternatively, you can also take the motorway al-Faiyūm, طريق الفيوم - بني سويف, After Beni Suef use, which leads past the village of el-Ḥammām in the northeast. On the trail leading to Beni Suef you can go to 3 29 ° 14 '33 "N.31 ° 0 ′ 39 ″ E Turn off into the village or at the turn-off to the monastery 4 29 ° 14 '24 "N.30 ° 59 ′ 52 ″ E go on.
The vehicle can be parked in the immediate vicinity of the monastery.
mobility
The streets in the village are narrow.
The monastery can only be reached on foot. There are steps in front of the entrance.
Tourist Attractions
The main attraction is that 1 Monastery of Abā Isḥāq and St. Virgin
, دير ابا إسحاق والسيدة العذراء, Short Deir el-ammām, دير الحمام, Northwest of the village. It is one of the early monasteries in Egypt. The beginnings of the monastery are, however, in the dark. Otto Meinardus dated them in the 8th century, Johann Georg, Duke of Saxony, in the 6th century.
The monastery was built on a strongly jagged limestone cliff. The numerous holes, especially on the east side, were kept as wasp shelters. It is said that the bees were able to protect the monastery from attacks.
The entrance on the east side leads to the inner courtyard of the monastery. In the northeast of the area is the Church of St. Virgin. The new building of the church was probably built in the Mamluk period (13th - 16th centuries) on the remains of a previous building.
The central nave of the three-aisled Church of the Blessed Virgin is covered with three domes in a west-east direction. These domes rest on massive columns and pillars. The Church has three hots in the east, the most holy of all for the Blessed Virgin in the center, for John the Baptist in the north and for St. George lead to the right in the south. The holy of holies are separated from the community room by a modern wooden screen wall. Above the screen there are icons of the Last Supper, of Mary with her child and Jesus, as well as six apostles on each side. At the left end there are icons for Anba Bischoi and St. Markus, on the far right the one for Abba Ishaq.
Immediately in front of the hot spots there is a transverse room, the so-called. Churus.
On the south wall there are icons for Jesus and Mary, on the south back wall one for St. George and on the northern back wall one for the Archangel Michael.
There is a smaller chapel on either side of this church. In the southwest chapel there is a reliquary with the upper arms of a burned unknown martyr with a cross on the right forearm. Photography is prohibited in the chapel.
activities
Services are held in the morning hours.
kitchen
Restaurants can be found in Beni Suef.
accommodation
Accommodation can be found in Beni Suef.
trips
A tour of the village and / or monastery el-Ḥammām can be combined with a tour of the city el-Lāhūnincluding the one from the time of the Baibars I. (around 1223–1277) from the dam and the pyramid Sesostris ’II.
literature
- : Dēr Abū Isḥāq (I.). In:Christian Coptic Egypt in Arab times; Vol. 2: D - F. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1984, Supplements to the Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East: Series B, Geisteswissenschaften; 41.2, ISBN 978-3-88226-209-4 , Pp. 585-587.
- : Christian Egypt, ancient and modern. Cairo: American University at Cairo Press, 1977 (2nd edition), ISBN 978-977-201-496-5 , P. 457 f.
- : Dayr Al-Ḥammam. In:Atiya, Aziz Suryal (Ed.): The Coptic Encyclopedia; Vol. 3: Cros - Ethi. new York: Macmillan, 1991, ISBN 978-0-02-897026-4 , P. 806 f.
- : Several Churches in Upper Egypt. In:Communications from the German Archaeological Institute, Cairo Department (MDAIK), ISSN0342-1279, Vol.36 (1980), Pp. 1-14, panels 1-9, in particular pp. 4 f., Panels 3, 4.b. With the floor plan of the Church of St. Virgin.
Individual evidence
- ↑ 1,01,1: The churches and monasteries of Egypt and some neighboring countries attributed to Abû Sâliḥ, the Armenian. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1895, P. 210. Various reprints, e.g. B. Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-9715986-7-6 . Fol. 73.a, 73.b.
- ↑: Kitāb ad-durr al-maknuz nas-sirr fil-dalāʾil wal habājā nad-dafāʾin = Livre des perles enfouies et du mystère précieux au sujet des indications des cachettes, des trouvailles et des trésors; 2: Traduction. Le Caire: Imprimerie de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 1907, Pp. 13 f., 50, §§ 22 f., 111 f. — : Indicateur topographique du Livre des Perles enfouies et du mystère précieux. In:Bulletin de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale (BIFAO), ISSN0255-0962, Vol.13 (1913), Pp. 175-230, especially p. 198.
- ↑ ; Crum, Walter E [wing] (Ed.): Coptic manuscripts brought from the Fayyum. London: Nutt, 1893.
- ↑: Les Monuments Coptes d'après le Père Michel Jullien. In:Bulletin de la Société d’Archéologie Copte (BSAC), vol.6 (1940), Pp. 141-168, in particular pp. 146 f. — : Quelques anciens couvents de l’Egypte. In:Les Missions catholiques: bulletin hebdomadaire illustré de l’oeuvre de la propagation de la foi, Vol.35 (1903), P. 257 f.
- ↑: New forays through the churches and monasteries of Egypt. Leipzig: Teubner, 1930, P. 20.
