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| Dengue | |
 | |
| A female ofÆdes ægypti on human skin. | |
| Information | |
| Region (s) | Sub-Saharan Africa, America central and from South, Asia from South and South East, Queensland |
|---|---|
| Cause | Virus (Flavivirus) |
| Vector | Mosquito female Ædes |
| Contagiousness |  no |
| CIM-10 | A90 |
| CIM-9 | 061 |
| Prophylaxis: | |
| * vaccine |  only in certain countries and for local populations |
| * medication | no |
| Therapy: | no |
| Location | |
 | |
| Geographical areas of dengue fever. | |
 Medical warning | |
The dengue, also known as red fever and of small palu, is a viral disease transmitted by the bite of a female mosquito of the genus Ædes.
Understand
Vector protection
Avoiding dengue fever means first of all avoiding mosquito bites by taking a few precautions:
- rest under a mosquito net with a mesh smaller than 1,5 mm and, if possible, impregnated with insecticide which will protect the parts of the body that come into contact with the mosquito net. It is also imperative to check, each time before going to bed, whether the mosquito net is in perfect condition;
- use an insecticide indoors, not forgetting the underside of bedding and furniture;
- mosquitoes being sensitive to air movement, the action of a fan, even if the room is equipped with an air conditioning system, will also be part of the means of protection;
- coat the clothes with Permethrin or the skin of a repellent consisting of a solution containing 30% of DEET for adults or 10% of the same product for children between 2 and 12 years old;
- wear loose, long, light-colored clothing as much as possible and, if possible, abstain from alcohol.
Be careful that if the females of Anopheles, which propagate dengue fever, are activated during the day, the females of other species of mosquitoes, which propagate parasitoses such as malaria are active between dusk and dawn. The same precautions therefore remain desirable during the night.
Virus protection
Currently, there is only one vaccine, the Dengvaxia® produced by Sanofi-Pasteur. However, for the moment (April 2017), it is only marketed in sixteen countries: the Mexico, three countries ofcentral America, six countries ofSouth America (including L'Argentina and the Brazil) and six countries ofSouth East Asia (whose Philippines, the Thailand and the Vietnam).
Diagnostic
Symptoms
Clinical signs
Therapy
There is no therapy to fight the dengue virus. The only thing to do is to isolate the patient, under a mosquito net in the areas at risk, for a week, to hydrate him regularly and, possibly, to administer medication. analgesics and antipyretics made of paracetamol to fight against hyperthermia and calm pain. The most serious cases may require heavy actions such as blood transfusions or liver dialysis. The most serious cases, fortunately rare, may require intravenous rehydration or even platelet transfusions.
Possible consequences
Except in the rare cases of severe dengue fever with hemorrhage or shock that can lead to death, primary infection will only increase the risk of severity in the event of a new infection.
Remarks
Taking an analgesic or an antipyretic containingaspirin oribuprofen is formally contraindicated due to an increased risk of viral bleeding during infection.- Patients with sickle cell anemia are more at risk of viral bleeding.
Taking an analgesic or an antipyretic containingFurther information
- Health topics, Dengue – The page dedicated to dengue on the WHO website.
