Jiangxi (江西省) is a province located in the southeast China. Jiangxi stretches from the banks of the Yangtze River in the north to higher areas in the south and east, bordered by Anhui to the north, Zhejiang to the northeast, Fujian to the east, and Guangxi to the north. East to the south, Hunan to the west, and Hubei to the northwest.
The name "Jiangxi" is derived from the name of a religion under the Tang dynasty founded in 733, the Jiangnan Xi Dao (江南西道, the western religion of Jiangnan).[1] The simplified name of Jiangxi is Cam (赣), after the name of the Cam River, which flows from the south to the north of the province and then flows into the Yangtze River. Jiangxi is also known as "the great land of Ganba" (贛鄱大地) which means "the great land of the Gan River and Poyang Lake".
Regions
City
- Nanchang - capital of Jiangxi province
- Cam Chau - in the deep south of the district, the county is rich in revolutionary sites; Ruijin is one of the most reputable.
- Jingdezhen - is known both in China and abroad for porcelain, for which it has been produced for more than 1000 years.
- Jiujiang - located on the banks of the Yangtze River, famous for Lushan, a world heritage site.
- Shangrao - in the East, Mount Sanqingshan was listed in the world heritage in 2008.
- Wuyuan - the central city of a variety of traditional craft villages and charming countryside.
- Xinyu - where there is Ho Tien
- Yichun - In the western part of the province, the city has Minh Nguyet mountain and rich culture of Zen Buddhism.
- Zhangshu
Other destinations
overview
History
During the Xia and Shang dynasties in Trung Nguyen, Jiangxi area belonged to the ancient Truong Giang civilization, independent from the ancient Yellow River civilization, this was an agricultural civilization and developed in bronze, was the region where the first rice civilization began in the world (Van Nien district in Jiangxi has a history of rice cultivation about 12,000 years). The inhabitants of Jiangxi at that time were the Bai Yue people.
During the Spring and Autumn period, the northern part of present-day Jiangxi province lay on the western border of Wu. During this period, history books record two settlements in Jiangxi, Ai (艾) and Phan 番, later written as 潘). After the Viet conquered the Wu state in 477 BC, the Chu state took control of northern Jiangxi. The State of Chu conquered Viet in 333 BC, but was itself annexed by the Qin state in 223 BC.
After the unification of China, the Qin court established Jiujiang county covering most of Jiangxi, the seat of this county now belongs to Tho district in Anhui province, seven districts of this county were established in the Jiangxi region. West today. However, the Jiujiang district was inefficient and ceased to exist shortly after the fall of the Qin Dynasty.
Around 202 BC, during the Cao To Han Dynasty, the Han court established Yu Zhang County (the Cam River was formerly known as Yu Chuong River), the headquarters of this district was located in Nanchang (meaning "Xuong Dai Nam Cuong"). and "Southern Bone Prosperity"), this was also the first county that the Chinese dynasties established specifically for Jiangxi. Yuzhang managed 18 districts, roughly equivalent to present-day Hunan. The major cities in present-day Jiangxi of Nanchang, Gongzhou, and Ji'an were developed from the city districts at that time. Under the reign of Emperor Wu, the whole country was divided into 13 provinces, and Yuzhang county was assigned to Yangzhou. During the Three Kingdoms period, Jiangxi was under the management of Dong Wu. In AD 291, during the Western Jin Dynasty, Jiangxi was elevated to its own province, Jiangzhou (江州). During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Jiangxi was under the control of the Southern Dynasties.
During the Sui Dynasty, the peak dynasties changed the county government into a county government, on the territory of Jiangxi at that time there were seven counties and 24 counties. Under the Tang Dynasty, the counties were abolished and all became "zhou", Jiangxi then had 8 continents (Hongzhou, Raozhou, Jianzhou, Jizhou, Jiangzhou, Yuanzhou, Fuzhou, Xinzhou). and 37 districts. In the first year of Trinh Quan under the reign of Duong Thai Tong, the whole country was divided into 10 religions, and Jiangxi belonged to the Jiangnan Dao. In 733, Duong Huyen Tong adjusted to 15 religions and eight continents in the territory of Jiangxi, which were subordinate to Jiangnan Tay Dao. The name "Jiangxi" is also derived from this religion
After the fall of the Tang Dynasty in 907, China was divided during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. First, Jiangxi belonged to the state of Wu, then to the state of Southern Tang. Both countries had their national capitals in present-day Nanjing, far downstream of the Yangtze River. In the first year of Giao Thai, Nam Duong Nguyen Tong Ly Canh decided to establish the southern capital in Hong Chau, so he promoted Hong Chau to Nam Xuong palace.
By the Song Dynasty, units above the county level were transformed into highways, the Jiangxi area had 9 continents, 4 armies, 68 districts, most of which depended on the Jiangnan-West Highway, but a part depended on the Jiangnan-Eastern Highway. .
During the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial court established Jiangxi county hengshu province (江西等处行中书省), which covered the vast majority of present-day Jiangxi (a part of the northeast that was subordinated to Jiangzhe). (province) and most of present-day Guangdong province. The provinces of the Nguyen Dynasty were divided into highways, directi Chau, Chau and districts. In Jiangxi, there are 13 roads, namely Long Hung, Cat An, Nam Khang, Cong Chau, Kien Xuong, Giang Chau, Bam An, Thuy Chau, Yuanzhou, Lam Giang, Fuzhou, Rao Chau, and Tin Chau and two direct roads. Chau are Nam Phong and Duyen Son, along with 48 districts, 16 districts at Chau level. From the Middle Tang period on, Jiangxi made great strides in economic and cultural development. In the three dynasties Song, Yuan, Ming, Jiangxi was one of the most prosperous provinces in China. This manifests itself in agriculture such as food production or handicrafts such as porcelain and other economic aspects.
In the Ming Dynasty, the administrative system of the Nguyen Dynasty was basically retained, but changed the administrative center of the province to the father of the chief mission, changed the road to the government and changed the province to the district. The Jiangxi governorate was basically equivalent to present-day Jiangxi, having jurisdiction over the 13 prefectures of Nanchang, Ruizhou, and Raozhou. Nam Khang, Cuu Giang, Quang Tin, Fuzhou, Kien Xuong, Cat An, Yuanzhou, Lam Giang, Cong Chau, Nam An; The government is further divided into 78 districts. After Guangdong split into a separate chief missionary, Jiangxi's boundaries have since changed little. At that time, the supreme administrative bodies, namely the Thua proclaimed the chief envoy, the project of killing the missionary, the commanding officer of the mission, and the distinguished trinity were directly controlled by the central court and decentralized to govern. In addition, there were also three royal titles (Ning Wang, Huai Wang, and Yi Wang) assigned to Jiangxi, respectively at Nanchang, Raozhou (Bayang), and Jianchang (Southern City).
In the Qing Dynasty, the court changed Jiangxi, the father of the chief envoy, to Jiangxi province, basically still implementing the administrative regime of the Ming Dynasty. Increase three more districts of hearing level, namely Lien Hoa in Cat An Phu, Dong Co in Nam Xuong phu, Kien Nam in Cam Chau government, and at the same time promote Ninh Do district to become Chau province directly under the province. The heads of the provinces in the Qing Dynasty were the governors, below which were the positions of the chief missionary and the project of the mission, in charge of civil affairs, finance and judicial supervision.
During the Ming Qing period, Jiangxi was located on a very prosperous north-south intersection between Guangdong and the Yangtze basin, making Jiangxi cities along this route also prosper. At the same time, due to the policy of "Jiangxi fill in Huguang" and "Huguang in Sichuan", Jiangxi residents have migrated to provinces with low population density such as Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, and Guangxi. , Yunnan and Guizhou. During this time, the "Jiang Huu" trading state was formed, ranking 3rd among the ten great mercantile states across the country. At the same time, Canh Duc town is one of the four famous towns in the country.
During the period of the Republic of China, the government, prefecture and hearing were all converted into counties, Jiangxi then had a total of 81 districts. In 1926, the North Vietnamese army advanced and garrisoned in Nanchang, officially establishing the city of Nanchang. In 1934, Wuyuan County of Anhui was merged into Jiangxi, in 1947 it was returned to Anhui, and in 1949 it was merged into Jiangxi. On August 1, 1927, in Jiangxi broke out the Nanchang Uprising, starting the Chinese Civil War. After that, in the territory of Jiangxi and neighboring provinces, the Communist Party established the revolutionary base of Tinh Cuong Son, the revolutionary base of Tuong-Viet-Cam, and the revolutionary base of Min-Zhe-Cam. , the Tuong Ngac-Cam revolutionary base and the Central revolutionary base.
In 1931, the Communist Party proclaimed the establishment of the Soviet Republic of China in Ruijin, renamed Ruijin to Rui Jing, this was the capital of the central government, known as the "Red Color Capital" or " Hong Do". During the regime's operation, the central government enacted a constitution, issued currency, designed the national flag, and called the areas under its control the Soviet zone (苏区, Su Khu). Due to the Kuomintang's victory in the fifth communist suppression, the central government of the Chinese Soviet Republic was forced to evacuate from the Jiangxi Central Soviet District in October 1934. In 1933 , the Kuomintang government in Nanchang of the Kuomintang launched the New Life Campaign, which later spread across the country. In 1936, after opening the Sino-Han railway from Guangdong to Hunan, Jiangxi lost its important position on the north-south transport axis. In 1937, when the Zhejiang-Chan railway opened to traffic, Jiangxi underwent a major change in traffic and urban layout.
In 2005, the Jing-Jiu Railway from Beijing to Hong Kong opened up the north-south connection of Jiangxi, accelerating the development of the mountainous southern region of the province. In 2005, the opening of the Cam-Long-Ha railway route ended the "red color of the ancient capital" of Thuy Kim without a railway, fulfilling the aspiration in the national construction strategy of Ton Yat-sen in the construction of the railway. Railway connecting Fujian and Jiangxi.
Geography
Jiangxi is surrounded by mountains on three sides, in the west are the Mo Fu (幕阜山), Jiuling (九岭山), and Luo Xian (罗霄山); in the east are the Huaiyu (怀玉山) and Wuyi mountain ranges; while in the south are the Jiulian (九连山) and Da Yuling (大庾岭) mountain ranges. The central and southern parts of Jiangxi are scattered hills and valleys, mountains and hills occupy 60% of the province's area; while the north is flat and has low elevation, called Ba Duong lake delta. Jiangxi's highest peak is Huanggangshan (黄岗山) in the Wuyi Mountains, on the border with Fujian, with an elevation of 2,157 meters (7,077 ft).
The Gan River is the main river in Jiangxi, the river is 991 km long and flows from south to north. The Cam River flows into Ba Duong Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China; The water in this lake flows into the Changjiang, the river that forms the northern boundary of Jiangxi. Other important rivers that empty into Poyang Lake are the Fu River (抚河, 312 km), the Xin River (信江, 329 km), the Pa River (鄱江) and the Tu River (修水). The major man-made reservoirs of Jiangxi are the Cha Lam (柘林水库) reservoir on the Tu River in the northwest and the Wan'an (万安水库) reservoir in the upper Gan River.
Jiangxi has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa according to the Köppen climate classification), with short, cool and humid winters and very hot and humid summers. The average air temperature is 3 to 9 °C (37 to 48 °F) in January and 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F) in July. The annual precipitation is 1,200 to 1,900 millimeters ( 47 to 75 in), mostly from heavy rains in late spring and summer.
As of 2007, Jiangxi has established 137 nature reserves, including 6 national-level protected areas, with a total area of 9,852.3 km², accounting for 5.9% of the province's area.
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