Hunan (Chinese: ; pinyin: Húnán) is a province of China, located in the south-central region of the country. Hunan is located to the south of the midland of Truong Giang and south of Dongting Lake (hence the name Hunan). Hunan is simply called "Xiang" (湘), after the name of the Xiang River flowing in the area. Hunan is bordered by Hubei to the north, Jiangxi to the east, Guangdong to the south, Guangxi to the southwest, Guizhou to the west, and Chongqing to the northwest. The provincial capital of Hunan is Truong Sa. The native language of the majority of Hunan residents is Xiang.
Regions
City
- Trường Sa City - the capital of Hunan.
- Music Yang - famous for Yueyang Lou (岳阳 )
- Hengyang - second largest city in Hunan and home of Mount Heng (South Vietnamese mountain).
- Hoai Hoa - important railway hub in western Hunan
- Shaoyang - a very beautiful city of southwest Hunan.
- Zhou Zhou - an important industrial city in Hunan province and one of the five busiest railway hubs in China.
- Phoenix - A beautiful historic town closed to Da River, close to the city Jishou.
- Chang Duc - A border city to the west of Dongting Lake.
- Zhang Jia - Home to Zhangjiajie National Forest Park and Wulingyuan.
- Thieu Son - The birthplace of Mao Zedong, and the pilgrimage center of the Communist Party.
Other destinations
overview
History
In primitive times, the forests of Hunan were inhabited by the Tam Miao (三苗), Bai Bo (百濮) and Yang Yue (揚越) tribes, who are the ancestors of the Miao and Tho peoples. Gia, Dong and Dao today. The documents unearthed in many districts in the province have proved that ancient human races had activities in Hunan 400,000 years ago, as early as 10,000 years ago, there was rice cultivation and 5000 years ago, i.e. in the Neolithic era, there were residents living according to the first settlement method in Ha Nam.
After Hunan was annexed to Chu, hundreds of years later, the Han people in the north migrated to Hunan in large numbers, cut down the forests and started to form rice fields in the province. valleys and plains. To this day, many villages in Hunan are still named after the Han families who settled there. Immigration from the north was especially common during the Eastern Jin and South-North dynasties, when the Five Ho ethnic groups entered the Central Highlands. After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Ma An settled in Hunan and established the State of Chu, the national capital located in Truong Sa.
Silk paintings from the Western Han Dynasty were found in coffins at Ma Vuong Doi near Truong Sa. Hunan became an important transportation hub during feudal China with its location on the Yangtze River. It is also on the imperial road built between northern and southern China. Hunan has plenty of land for grain production, the surplus being supplied to other parts of China. Hunan's population continued to grow until the 19th century, when the population became overcrowded and peasant uprisings broke out. Some uprisings have their roots in ethnic tensions such as the Miao rebellion of 1795-1806.
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom revolt broke out in Guangxi in 1850. The rebels then overran Hunan and advanced further east along the Yangtze valley. Finally, a Hunan army under the command of Zeng Guofan advanced to Nanjing to quell the uprising in 1864.
Hunan was relatively quiet until 1910, when there were uprisings against the crumbling Qing dynasty, followed by the Autumn and Autumn Uprising (秋收起义) by communist forces in 2016. 1927. This uprising was led by a Hunan native, Mao Zedong, and it formed the short-lived Henan Soviet in 1927. Communist forces still maintained guerilla armies. in the mountainous areas along the border of Hunan-Jiangxi two provinces until 1934. Then, under pressure from the Kuomintang army, the communist forces had to conduct the Long March to bases in Shaanxi province. After the communist forces left, the Kuomintang troops fought against the Japanese in the Sino-Japanese War. They defended the Spratly capital until its fall in 1944. Japan launched Operation Ichi-Go, a plan to control the railway line from Wuchang to Guangzhou (Viet Han line). After the Japanese surrendered, Hunan remained relatively unscathed during the ensuing civil war.
As Mao Zedong's home province, Hunan fervently supported the Cultural Revolution of 1966-1976. However, it was also the province that was slowest to implement Deng Xiaoping's reforms after Mao Zedong's death in 1976.
Geography
Hunan is located south of the Yangtze River, and the province is almost at the center of the river's flow. To the northeast of Hunan, the Changjiang forms a natural boundary between Hunan and Hubei. In the north of Hunan, there is Dong Dinh lake, four rivers Tuong, Tu, Nguyen, Le supply water for this lake. The river system in Hunan resembles a fan, most of which flow into the four main tributaries of Dongting Lake. Dong Dinh Lake flows into Truong Giang. Dongting Lake is the largest freshwater lake in the province and one of the largest freshwater lakes in China. Due to land reclamation for agriculture, Dong Dinh Lake is now divided into several small lakes, although there have been some recent attempts to reverse this trend.
Hunan is surrounded by mountains on three sides, east, south and southwest, the central and northern terrain is low and flat, forming a horseshoe basin, opening in the north with Dong Dinh lake as the center. In the northwest, there are Wuling Mountains (武陵山脉), in the southwest are Xuefeng Mountains (雪峰山脉), in the south are Wuling Mountains (ie Nanling), Luo Xiao Mountains (罗霄)山脉) is located on the Hunan-Jiangxi border. Most of Hunan consists of hills and low mountains, their total area is about 149,000 km², or about 70.2% of the total area; the mountain slopes and plains have an area of about 52,000 km², accounting for 24.5%; The area of rivers and lakes is about 11,000 km², accounting for 5.3%. Except for the Hanh Son mountain range with an altitude of over 1000 m, the rest of Hunan has an altitude of less than 500 m. The highest peak in Hunan is Tinh Cuong Son at the border of Yan Lang, with an altitude of 2,122 meters.
Hunan has a subtropical climate, and according to the Köppen climate classification, it is classified as a humid subtropical (Köppen Cfa), with short, cool winters, and very hot and humid summers with lots of rain. The average January temperature is 3 to 8 °C (37 to 46 °F) while the average July temperature is around 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F). Average rainfall is 1,200 to 1,700 millimeters (47 to 67 in).
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