Herța - Herța

Herta is the city of residence in Herța district, Ukraine.

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Demography

According to the 2001 census, the majority of the population of Herța was speaking Romania (70.79%), existing in the minority and speakers of UKRAINIAN (17.98%) and Russian (10,89%).^[1]

• 1930: 8,368 (census)
• 1989: 2,122 (review)^[2]

History

Herta (in Ukrainian Герца / Herța, in German Herza) is a city in Chernivtsi region (Ukraine), administrative center of of the homonymous district. It is located at a distance of 28 km southeast of the city Chernivtsi and 21 km north of the city Dorohoi.

The locality is located at an altitude of 160 meters, in the eastern part of Herța district, on the Herța river (a tributary of the Prut), near the border with Romania. It has 2,101 inhabitants, mainly Romanian.

The locality of Herța has been part of the establishment since The Principality of Moldova, located a few kilometers north of the city Dorohoi. The first documentary mention of the locality dates from December 20th 1437. As a result of the developed commercial relations, it received in 1672 the status of fair, through a deed of the ruler Gheorghe Duca.

Until incorporation Bucovina to Austria, in 1775, was part of Chernivtsi land. Between 1775-1777, the city was occupied by the Austrian armies, but the fair, together with about 30 villages, reverted to Moldavia, within the newly established Herta land. This land was abolished in 1834 and incorporated Dorohoi County. The fair status of the city of Herța was confirmed in 1817 by Scarlet Callimachi and on July 6, 1824 by Ioniță Sandu Sturdza.^[3]

After the Union of the Romanian Principalities on January 24, 1859, the Herța fair became part of the Romanian state. At the 1860 census, Herța was officially the 25th urban locality of Moldavia, according to the number of population (2754 inhabitants). Format: Nc In 1864 it was recognized as a city. In 1901, the Great Geographical Dictionary of Romania records that Herta had 1,160 inhabitants, most of whom (820) were Jews; the city had 2 Orthodox churches, 2 synagogues, a school for boys and one for girls; In 1884 the first telegraph and post office with telephone was established in the city.^[3]

Into the the interwar period, the city of Herța was part of the composition romania, in Plasa Herța a Dorohoi County. According to the 1930 census, there were 8,368 people living, almost entirely Romanian.

In the interwar period, in the urban commune Herța there was a small trade of cattle and cereals. There was a court, a mixed court, a tax office, a P.T.T. office, a telephone office and a health service. Also, on the educational-cultural level, there were 2 state primary schools, 1 denominational primary school, 1 reading circle, 1 Zionist society, 2 Orthodox churches and 7 Jewish synagogues and houses of prayer. The national road passed through the city Chernivtsi - Herța - The new Spear – Lipcan^[4].

This territory was never part of the region Bessarabia or from the region Bucovina, but from the region known today as Herța County and which belonged to Moldova and then to Romania, until the Second World War.

Following The Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact (1939), Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina were annexed by the USSR on 28 June 1940. However, although neither the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact nor the Soviet final notes of 26 June 1940 provided for the surrender of the two territories mentioned above and which had not been part of the The Old Kingdom, the Soviet troops committed another abuse by violating the terms of the ultimatum and also occupied a territory with an area of ​​400 km² and a population of about 50,000 inhabitants of the Old Kingdom, a territory known today as Herța County. The Soviets later claimed to have occupied this territory due to a mapping error, as the Soviets had drawn a demarcation line on the map with a thick carpenter's pencil.^[5]

Re-entering Romania in 1941-1944, the city was almost completely destroyed in the first days of the war. Herta was reoccupied by the USSR in April 1944 and integrated into the composition Ukrainian RSS. Although the Paris Peace Treaty of February 10, 1947 mentioned that "the Soviet-Romanian border is fixed in accordance with the Soviet-Romanian agreement of June 28, 1940", The USSR refused to return the Herța Land to Romania ^[6].

After the reoccupation of the city by the Soviets, Herta was rebuilt, but the population did not reach the level of the population in the interwar period. Between 1940-1962, the city of Herța was the administrative residence of Herța district. For the next 30 years, the city did not develop, the entire Herța district being included in Adâncata district.

Since 1991, the city of Herța is part of the homonymous district of Chernivtsi region within ukraine independent, being a district administrative center. At the 1989 census, the number of inhabitants who declared themselves Romanians plus Moldovans was 1,443 (1,327,116), representing 68.00% of the locality's population. At that time, there were still 409 Ukrainians, 222 Russians, 14 Jews, 3 Poles and 31 people of other ethnicities. ^[7]. Currently, the city has 2,101 inhabitants, mostly Romanian.

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