Guangdong is a province located on the east coast of China. Guangdong overtook Henan and Sichuan to become China's most populous province in 2005, with 79 million registered permanent residents and 31 million immigrants who have lived in the province for at least six months. If Guangdong were a country, its 2012 population of 104 million would make Guangdong the 12th largest in the world (after Mexico, before the Philippines) and a GDP of $850 billion would be the 16th largest economy (after South Korea). Quoc, before Indonesia). Both population and GDP are still growing.
The provincial capital of Guangdong is Guangzhou, which together with the economic center of Shenzhen are among the most populous and important cities in China. The Pearl River Delta is the largest megacity in the world.
overview
History
Guangdong was located far from the center of ancient Chinese civilization in the northern plains of China. At that time, it was inhabited by ethnic groups known collectively as "Bai Yue" (百越), probably Tai-Kadai ethnic groups related to the Zhuang ethnic group in Guangxi province.
This land was under the administration of the central government of China starting from the Qin Dynasty - the dynasty that unified the Chinese empire, expanded to the south and established the Nanhai District (南海郡) in Panyu ()番禺), today near Guangzhou. This county was once an independent Nam Viet state between the fall of the Qin Dynasty and the rise of Emperor Wu to rule China. The Han Dynasty ruled Guangdong, Guangxi and North Vietnam (or Dai Viet with the name Giao Chau (交州).During Dong Wu's reign of the Three Kingdoms period, Guangdong was established as a province by Dong Wu - that is, a province. Guangzhou (廣州) in 226.
Over a long period of time, the population structure of this area gradually changed, leading to the Han Chinese being the majority, especially after large migrations from the north during periods of political instability caused by the ministries. Northern Chinese nomads harassed since the fall of the Han Dynasty onward. For example, the mutiny led by An Lushan resulted in a 75% increase in the population of Canton Province between the years 740-750 and the period 800-810.[9]. As more Han Chinese came here, the local population was gradually assimilated into Chinese culture.[10], or lost their native culture altogether.
Along with Guangxi, Guangdong was made a part of Lingnan Dao (嶺南道), in 627 during the Tang Dynasty. The Cantonese portion of Lingnan Dao was renamed Guangdong Dong Dao in 971 during the Song Dynasty - this is where the name Cantonese originates.
When the Mongols in the north invaded China in the 13th century, the Southern Song dynasty retreated south, eventually stopping at the site of present-day Guangdong province. The Yashan naval battle in 1279 in Guangdong ended the Southern Song dynasty. During the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, Guangdong was part of Jiangxi. The name Guangdong Province today was given in the early Ming period.
Since the 16th century, Guangdong has had trade relations with the outside world. European merchants reached the north through the Strait of Malacca and the South China Sea, especially British merchants through Guangdong. Macao on the southern bank of Guangdong was the first European settlement in China since 1557. The opium trade through Canton led to the Opium War, ushering in an era of foreign invasion. and intervene in China. In addition to Macao as a concession to Portugal, Hong Kong became a concession to Britain and Guangzhou Loan to the French. In the 19th century, Guangdong was also the main port for migrant workers to move to Southeast Asia, the western United States and Canada.
Historically, many overseas Chinese communities have come from Guangdong and especially Taishan and, along with migrants from Hong Kong, Cantonese and Taishan (dialect in Taishan) are close to 10%. spoken by the Chinese population, there are many overseas Chinese who account for a higher percentage of people speaking this language in China.
During the 1850s, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement broke out in Guangdong. Due to its high exposure to the West, Guangdong was the center of anti-Manchu and anti-imperialist movements. Sun Yat-sen also came from Guangdong.
In the early 1920s during the Republic of China, Guangdong was the springboard for the Kuomintang to prepare for the Northern Expedition in an attempt to unify all landowners under the control of the central government. The Chinese Kuomintang Army Academy was built near Guangzhou to train commanding officers.
In recent years, the province has experienced a period of spectacular economic growth due to its close economic ties to bordering Hong Kong. The province has the highest GDP among Chinese provincial units. Hainan Island was formerly a part of Guangdong Province but was split into a province in 1988.
Geography
Guangdong borders the South China Sea to the south and has 4,300 km of coastline. The Leizhou Peninsula is the southernmost mainland region of this province. There are still some dormant volcanoes on the Leizhou Peninsula. The Pearl River Delta is the convergence of three upstream rivers, namely Dong Giang, Tay Giang and Bac Giang. This delta consists of hundreds of small islands. Guangdong province is geographically separated from the north by a few mountain ranges collectively known as the Nanling (南岭). The highest peak of this province is 1600 m above sea level. Guangdong is bordered by Fujian to the northeast, Jiangxi and Hunan to the north, Guangxi to the west, and Hong Kong and Macau to the south. Hainan Island is located off the coast of this province near the Leizhou Peninsula. Traditionally, the Dongsha Islands were under the administration of the province of Guangdong, however, now the islands are under the control of the ROC government in Taiwan.
Cities around the Pearl River Delta include: Dongguan, Foshan, Guangzhou, Huizhou, Jiangmen, Shenzhen, Shunde, Taishan, Zhongshan and Zhuhai. Other cities include: Chaozhou, Chenghai, Khai Binh, Nanhai, Shantou, Thieu Quan, Tan Hoi, Dam Giang and Trieu Khanh.
Guangdong has a humid subtropical (southern tropical) climate with short, mild, dry winters and long, humid and hot summers. The highest daily temperatures in January and July are 18 degrees Celsius and 33 degrees Celsius. Fog is rare in the coastal areas but does occur for a few days in the inland areas.
Regions
| East Guangdong The eastern coastal area of the Pearl River Delta includes the geographical cities of Shanwei, Jieyang, Shantou, and Chaozhou. |
| North Guangdong the inland part of Guangdong including the local cities of Van Phu, Trieu Khanh, Thanh Vien, Thieu Quan, Ha Nguyen, and Mai Chau. |
| Pearl River Delta "workshop of the world", a major manufacturing area. Guangdong produces a third of China's total exports, and most of that comes from the delta regions. The area from Shenzhen to Guangzhou is a city basically a big factory city. This area includes the municipalities of Jiangmen, Foshan, Zhongshan, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Shenzhen and Huizhou. |
| West Guangdong The west coast area of the Pearl River Delta includes the geographical cities of Zhanjiang, Maoming and Yangjiang |
City
- Guangzhou - the capital of the province, the city, the largest economic and cultural center
- Dongguan - trade center for textiles, light industry, electronics, between Guangzhou and Shenzhen
- Thanh Vien - popular among local tourists for its white water rafting and hot springs.
- Shantou - on the North coast of Hong Kong, special economic zone
- Thieu Quan - located in the north of Guangdong
- Shenzhen - boom city on the border with Hong Kong, special economic zone
- Zhongshan - Home of the revolutionary father of modern China, Sun Yat-sen, and now a major industrial city southwest of Guangzhou
- Zhanjiang - in the west, near Hainan
- Zhuhai - the city is rapidly growing and bordering on Macau, special economic zone
Other destinations
overview
Language
Mandarin is widely spoken, mostly by educated people, especially in areas like Shenzhen and Zhuhai which have been built up through migrants from all over China.
The historical language of the area is Chinese, which is different from the common language. Cantonese people take great pride in their language and continue to use it widely despite attempts at Mandarinization. Cantonese itself is more closely related to the language of the Tang dynasty than modern Mandarin (circa Yuan dynasty) Mandarin. Cantonese people worldwide tend to see themselves as "Tang people" (people of the Tang Dynasty in Guangdong) rather than Han, the standard name for the Chinese nation.
There are also many dialects in Cantonese. The most common is the Cantonese dialect. Cantonese dialect （廣州話, "Cantonese dialogue"） exists not only in Cantonese but also around the world. The number of speakers of this dialect is estimated at 70 million.
Cantonese is very different from other phonetics in the Chinese language, which characterizes the cultural and ethnic characteristics of a part of the Chinese people.
Arrive
There are several large modern airports in the region: Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macau have many international flights, and Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou serve almost entirely domestic flights to China.
The area is also connected to the rest of China by road and rail.
There are also many ports, mostly container ports handling large cargo traffic (2.4 million tons in 2003), but with some passenger service scenes. Of these, there are ferries (fast hydrofoils) connecting Hong Kong and Macau with the neighboring Guangdong cities of Shenzhen and Zhuhai, and some even run upstream to Guangzhou. See city articles for details.
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