Shandong (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Shāndōng (help·details); Wade-Giles: Shan-tung) is an eastern coastal province. China. The name "Shandong" comes from the province's location to the east of Taihangshan,[1] simply the name of Shandong province is "Lo", after the ancient country of Lu.
Regions
| Map | # | Name | Metropolis | Chinese characters Pinyin | Population (2010) | Area (km²) | Density (person/km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||||
| — Sub-provincial city — | |||||||
| 1 | Jinan | Thi Trung | 济南 市 Janan Shi | 6.814.000 | 8.177 | 833 | |
| 2 | Qingdao | Thi Nam | 青岛 市 Qīngdǎo Shi | 8.715.100 | 11.026 | 790 | |
| — Regional city — | |||||||
| 3 | Tan Chau | Tan Thanh | 滨州 市 Bnzhōu Shì | 3.748.500 | 9.447 | 397 | |
| 4 | Dezhou | Duc Thanh | 德 州市 Dézhōu Shi | 5.568.200 | 10.356 | 538 | |
| 5 | Dong Dinh | Dong Dinh | 东营 市 Dōngying Shì | 2.035.300 | 7.923 | 257 | |
| 6 | Ha Trach | Form | 菏泽 市 Heze Shi | 8.287.800 | 12.238 | 677 | |
| 7 | Jining | Thi Trung | 济宁 市 Jiníng Shi | 8.081.900 | 11.285 | 716 | |
| 8 | Lai Vu | Lai Thanh | 莱芜 市 Laiwú Shi | 1.298.500 | 2.246 | 578 | |
| 9 | Lieu Thanh | Dongchang Fu | 聊城市 Liaochéng Shì | 5.789.900 | 8.714 | 664 | |
| 10 | Lam Nghi | Lan Son | 临沂 市 Linyi Shi | 10.039.400 | 17.186 | 584 | |
| 11 | Rizhao | Dong Port | 日照 市 Rizhao Shì | 2.801.100 | 5.310 | 528 | |
| 12 | Thai An | Thai Son | 泰安 市 Tai'ān Shi | 5.494.200 | 7.761 | 708 | |
| 13 | Weifang | Khue Van | 潍坊 市 Weifāng Shi | 9.086.200 | 15.829 | 574 | |
| 14 | Wei Hai | Hoan Thuy | 威海 市 Wēihǎi Shi | 2.804.800 | 5.436 | 516 | |
| 15 | Yantai | Lai Son | 烟台 市 Yāntai Shi | 6.968.200 | 13.746 | 507 | |
| 16 | Tao Trang | Thi Trung | 枣庄 市 Zǎozhuāng Shi | 3.729.300 | 4.550 | 820 | |
| 17 | Tracing Uncle | Zhang Dian | 淄博 市 Zbó Shì | 4.530.600 | 5.938 | 763 | |
City
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overview
Prior to the Jin Dynasty, Shandong was geographically conceptually the large Yellow River basin area east of Haoshan, Huashan, or Taihangshan. In ancient times, in present-day Shandong province, there were Qi and Lu countries. Shandong is located on the east coast of China, in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and is the northernmost region of the East China Sea. The provincial capital of Shandong is Jinan. In the western half, Shandong is bordered by other provinces in China, from north to south respectively: Hebei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu. In the central region, the topography of Shandong is suddenly high with Thai Son peak being the highest point in the area. The Shandong Peninsula borders the Yellow Sea, is located across the Bohai Strait from the Liaodong Peninsula, protects Beijing-Tianjin and Bohai, faces the Korean Peninsula through the Yellow Sea, and to the southeast of the peninsula is the Yellow Sea. The sea is vast.
Shandong province has a long history and rich culture. The founders of Confucian thought such as Confucius and Mencius, the founder of Moji thought, Mac Tu, and famous military leaders such as Sun Tzu, Sun Tan, and Ngo Khoi were all born in Shandong. With a population of over 90 million, Shandong is the second most populous province in China, after Guangdong. Shandong is a large industrial-agricultural province, contributing one-ninth of the value of China's economy, Shandong's total GDP ranks third in China.
Geography
The topography of Shandong is mainly plain. The Northwest, the West and the Southwest of the province are all part of the vast North China Plain. Central Shandong has more mountainous terrain, of which Thai Son is best known. Eastern Shandong is the mountainous Shandong peninsula extending to the sea; This peninsula separates Bohai to the northwest from the Yellow Sea to the east and south. The highest peak in Shandong is Jade Emperor Peak in Taishan with an elevation of 1,545 meters (5,069 ft).
The Yellow River flows through western Shandong and empties into the sea on the northern coast of Shandong; The river section flowing through Shandong is embanked on both sides, due to the sedimentation for a long time, the river bed is higher than the land areas outside the dyke, in addition, some areas in the western part of Shandong are also in the Hai Ha basin in the south. in the north and Hoai Ha basin in the south. The Great Yunhe enters Shandong in the northwest and southwest. Weishan Lake (微山湖) is the largest lake in Shandong, with an area of 1266 km². Shandong's coastline length is about 3,000 kilometers (1,900 mi). The Shandong Peninsula has a rocky coastline with cliffs, bays and islands. Lai Chau Bay is the southernmost of the three large bays of Bo Hai, located in the northern part of the peninsula, between Dong Dinh and Bong Lai. Giao Chau Bay is much smaller than Lai Chau Bay, located in the southern part of the peninsula, next to Qingdao. The Truong Son Islands (长山列岛) extend northward from the northern coast of the peninsula.
Shandong has a temperate climate, located in a transition zone between a humid subtropical climate (Cwa according to the Köppen climate classification) and a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa) with four distinct seasons. Summers are hot and rainy (with the exception of a few coastal areas), while winters are cold and dry. Shandong's average temperature is −5 to 1 °C (23 to 34 °F) in January and 24 to 28 °C (75 to 82 °F) in July. Average rainfall is 550 to 950 millimeters (22 to 37 in), mostly in the summer months, due to the influence of the monsoon.
Shandong is part of the Eastern block of the ancient North China base. Beginning in the Mesozoic, Shandong experienced a process of crustal thinning, an anomaly of an ancient background, and it caused the earth's crust to decrease from 200 km to 80 km. Shandong thus experienced prolonged volcanic influences during the Tertiary Period. Some geological formations in Shandong have many fossils. For example, at Zhucheng in southeastern Shandong, many dinosaur fossils have been discovered. A massive find of 7,600 dinosaur bones, including the remains of tyrannosaurus and ankylosaurus, was announced in 2008, and is believed to be the largest collection ever discovered.