.svg/250px-Kiribati_on_the_globe_(Polynesia_centered).svg.png) | |
| capital | South Tarawa |
| currency | Kiribati Dollar (KID) 1 KID = 1.0000 AUD Australian Dollar (AUD) 1 AUD = 0.7767 USD 1 AUD = 0.6091 EUR |
| population | 119,940（2020） |
| Power Systems | 240 volts / 50 Hz (AS/NZS 3112) |
| country code | 686 |
| Time zone | UTC 12:00, UTC 13:00, UTC 14:00 |
| Language | English, Kiribati |
| Emergency call | 999, 192 (police agency), 193 (fire department), 194 (emergency medical service), 686-195 (emergency medical service) |
| Driving direction | Left |
| Edit on Wikidata | |
Republic of Kiribati, Is an island country in the Pacific Ocean, divided intoGilbert Islands、Phoenix IslandswithLine is.The three major archipelagoes, with 32 atolls and 1 coral island, are scattered over 3,800 square kilometers of sea area on the equator and have the world's largest marine protected area. The name "Kiribas" is derived from the Micronesia transliteration of the Gilbert Islands, the largest of the country's three major archipelagoes, and is pronounced /kiribas/. Kiribati is one of the least developed countries in the world. It seceded from it in 1979U.KIndependent, currently a member of the Great Britain Association, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, and became an official member of the United Nations in 1999.
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history
Early history
About 3000 BC to 1300 AD, speaking the same languageMicronesiaOf people settled in Kiribati today. There was no national distinction at the time. The residents came fromTonga、SamoawithFiji, Bring into Polynesian and Melanesian culture.
Colonial period
The islands of Kiribati were discovered by the British and Americans from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. In 1820, aRussiaAdmiral Krusenstein named the main islandGilbert Islands. At the beginning of the 19th century, looting merchant ships and slave merchant ships landed in Kiribati, bringing guns and diseases. The first British colonists landed on the island in 1837. In 1892 Gilbert Islands together withEllis is.becomeU.KThe protected area of "Gilbert and Ellis Islands" was managed by the Supreme Council of the Western Pacific in Fiji and became a British colony in 1916. 1919Christmas IslandAnd in 1937 the Phoenix Islands became a British colony and merged into Kiribati.
During the Second World WarTarawa AtollWith other islands occupied by the Japanese, the Battle of Tarawa was one of the bloodiest battle locations in the history of the United States Marine Corps. The Marines landed in November 1943.
Some islands in Kiribati, especiallyLine is.It was used as a nuclear test site by Britain and the United States in the 1950s and 1960s.
After independence
Gilbert and Ellis became an autonomous region in 1971. In 1974, due to racial strife, belonged toPolynesiaThe people of the Ellis Islands asked to vote, and in 1975 withMicronesiaThe human-dominated Gilbert Islands are separated. In 1978, the Ellis Islands became independentTuvalu, The Gilbert Islands declared independence on July 12 of the following year and changed its country name to Kiribati, but not including the previousBanaba、Phoenix IslandswithLine is.earth. . The Tarawa Treaty was signed in 1983,AmericaWaivedPhoenix IslandswithLine is., The two islands then joined as part of Kiribati.
Overpopulation has become an important issue in Kiribati. It was announced in 1988 that 4,700 residents would leave the main island and move to other islands with smaller populations to settle. In 1994, Cebroro Stowe was elected president. Kiribati moved the international date line to the east in 1995 so that the time zone of the Line Islands will not be different from that of other islands. This move is President Stowe’s campaign promise to enable the nation’s business to develop at the same time. This also makes Kiribati the first to see the arrival of the year 2000, which is an important day for the tourism industry. Stowe was re-elected in 1998, and Kiribati joined the United Nations in 1999.
After the success of Kiribati’s first unofficial newspaper, a controversial bill was passed in 2002 to allow the government to forcibly shut down newspaper publishing. Stowe was re-elected in 2003, but was quickly stepped down by a vote of no confidence. The opposition Tang Anno was elected president and was re-elected in 2007.
geography
Kiribati consists of about 32 atolls and an isolated island (Banaba Island) spanning the eastern and western hemispheres. These islands include:
Kiribati’s thin and calcareous soil is not suitable for agricultural activities. As the sea level rises and the soil and groundwater are salinized, the well water in Kiribati is not drinkable. People can only collect rainwater as food water.
The island of Kiribati spans thousands of kilometers from east to west. The mainGilbert IslandsWest of the 180-degree line of longitude, andPhoenix IslandsandLine is.It is east of the 180-degree line of longitude. Its islands encompass the four hemispheres of east, west, south, and north, and it is also the only country in the world that spans four hemispheres. According to the theoryTime zoneDivided, the timing of the two places will differ by one day, causing inconvenience. KiribatiPhoenix IslandsandLine is.The legal time zones of the company are set as UTC 13 and UTC 14, so that it belongs to the same day as the Gilbert Islands in the UTC 12 time zone, and the time is earlier. Because of this, the Lion Islands have become the only place in the world that uses the UTC 14 time zone, making Kiribati the first country in the world to start a day. Thanks to KiribatiCaroline IslandIt was the first area to witness the sunrise in 2000, so it was renamed Millennium Island.
According to a report by the Pacific Regional Environmental Planning Organization, the two uninhabited islands of Kiribati, Tebua Tarawa and Abanuea, disappeared from sea level in 1999. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that by 2100, due to global warming, the inevitable sea level will rise by about 0.5 meters. Therefore, within a century, the arable land in Kiribati will be salinized, and the To a large extent was submerged.
area
Apart fromBanaba (An island with an area of approximately 6km², population about 300 People), all the main islands are in the three island groups, they are:Gilbert Islands、Line is.withPhoenix Islands。
| Gilbert Islands The island chain in the western part of the country is the gathering place of most of Kiribati’s population. The capitalTarawaAlso in it. |
| Line is. The most remote archipelago, the population is mainly concentrated on the three northern islands:Christmas Island, Tabuaeiran Atoll and Terraina Island. |
| Phoenix Islands Except for some inhabitants on Abarilinga Atoll, it is almost uninhabited. |
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Other destinations
arrival
aviation
Currently Kiribati has two airlines: Kiribati Airlines and Coral Sun Airlines, both of which are based at Bangliji International Airport and provide domestic routes to the Gilbert Islands. Phoenix Islands and Line Islands do not have domestic airlines to provide services. Fiji Pacific Airlines provides international routes from Nadi International Airport to Christmas Island.
Al Air provides Tarawa to Nadi and Nauru in the name of Kiribati Air, connecting Honiara and Brisbane.