Germany - 德國

Germany（German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland), the official name isFederal Republic of Germany, Is a central European federal parliament republic, composed of 16 states, and its capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of ​​357,021 square kilometers. The climate is mainly temperate, with a population of approximately 81.8 million, making it the most populous country in the European Union. Germany is also one of the major economic and political entities in the European continent. It is the world’s fourth largest economy in terms of international exchange rates, and the world’s fifth largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity. It is also the world’s second largest exporter and third. Big importing country. The standard of living of German citizens is among the best in the world, and it has a complete social security system.

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history

Germany originated from the Germanic villages that lived in Central Europe in ancient times, and developed into several hereditary kingdoms throughout Europe in a century. Since the 10th century, the Germanic region has been the core of the territory of the Holy Roman Empire. The North Germanic region became the center of the religious reformation in the 16th century, but the southern and western regions were still dominated by Roman Catholicism. The conflict between the two sects triggered the Thirty Years' War, marking that Roman Catholicism and Protestantism remained side by side in Germanic society. The Germanic region was controlled by Napoleon during the Napoleonic Wars. With the rise of pan-Germanism in the German Confederation, under the leadership of the Kingdom of Prussia, most Germanic states were unified into the German Empire in 1871.

The German Empire participated in the First World War in 1914, and then a domestic revolution broke out in 1918 and was forced to cease the war. The empire disintegrated and became the republic Weimar Republic. Because Germany suffered from unfair treatment, economic collapse, and political chaos in the armistice agreement-the Treaty of Versailles, which prompted the rise of radical parties, and finally in the 1930s during the Great Depression, the Nazi party led by Adolf Hitler won The regime, the establishment of Nazi Germany, entered the period of fascist dictatorship. In 1939, Germany invaded Poland and detonated the Second World War. Germany was finally defeated in 1945, the country was occupied by divisions, and then two countries, East Germany and West Germany, were formed. It was not until 1990 that they were reunified.

Germany was one of the founding countries of the European Communities when they were established in 1957. The organization was integrated under the European Union in 1993; Germany is a part of the Schengen area and became a member of the Eurozone in 1999. Germany participates in international organizations such as the United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Organization of the Eight Major Industrial Countries, the G20, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and served as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council from 2011 to 2012.

geography

The terrain of Germany is ever-changing, with snow-covered mountains in the south, undulating hills in the west, and plains in the east. The crisscrossing rivers are the source of irrigation for crops and the way to transport goods. The hills and mountains are rich in natural resources, and there is fertile land in principle. Germany has a pleasant climate and abundant rainfall, making it an ideal environment for the development of European agriculture.

climate

The northwest has a temperate maritime climate, and it gradually transitions to a temperate continental climate to the east and south. The climate is changeable and westerly winds prevail. The temperature in Germany is moderate, and the temperature does not change much. The coldest January is around 0 degrees Celsius, and the mountains are about minus 10 degrees Celsius. Winter is from December to March. The winter in the Alps is until May, and the average temperature is 20 degrees in summer. The hottest months are from June to August.

festival

• New Year's Day (January 1st)
• Good Friday-the Friday before the first Sunday after the first full moon after the vernal equinox, the specific date is not fixed
• Easter
• Labor Day (May 1st)
• Ascension Day-40 days after Easter, the specific date is not fixed
• Pentecost-10 days after Ascension, 50 days after Easter, the specific date is not fixed
• German Reunification Day (October 3)-the day when the former East and West Germany were reunited after the fall of the Berlin Wall
• Christmas (December 25/26)-important holiday

area

Germany is a federal republic consisting of 16 states (called the Federal State"Bundesländer", referred to as the state"Länder"). In fact, three federal states are all state-level cities:Berlin，Bremenwithhamburger. These states can be roughly categorized according to the following list according to their geographic location. For a long time, South Germany and North Germany were the most common classifications. However, due to the Cold War, it will now be divided into East Germany and West Germany.

city

• Berlin -The capital of Germany
• Munich -The local annual Oktoberfest is very grand
• Trier -Marx's birthplace
• Wuppertal -The birthplace of Engels and the location of the world's first air-to-railway
• hamburger -A port city in northern Germany
• Siegen -Mountain town in western Germany

Other destinations

Munich

arrival

aviation

railway

Private car

bus

Passenger ship

Travel around

Germany is located in the center of Europe, and its transportation status is important, which is also reflected in Germany's dense and modern transportation network. The total length of Germany's highway network ranks third in the world, and there are no speed limits for some sections of German highways. The total length of the German railway network is more than 40,000 kilometers; the high-speed railway network is composed of multiple centers. Germany's high-speed railway, the intercity express train, is operated by Deutsche Bahn, operating at a speed of 300 kilometers per hour, connecting major cities in Germany and neighboring countries. Frankfurt Airport and Munich Airport are the largest airports in Germany. Both are the hub airports of Lufthansa. Air Berlin's hub airports are located at Berlin-Tegel Airport and Dusseldorf Airport. Other important airports in Germany include Berlin-Schönefee Airport, Hamburg Airport, Cologne/Bonn Airport, Leipzig/Halle Airport. Flights from the two Berlin airports will be moved to Berlin Brandenburg Airport to the south of Berlin-Schonefeld Airport from 2013. The Port of Hamburg is the largest port in Germany and the second largest in Europe (2011), and is known as "Germany's Gateway to the World" (German: Tor zur Welt).

Language

The official language of Germany is German. (German phrasebook）

go sightseeing

• Ulm Cathedral
• Cologne Cathedral
• Brandenburg Gate

Travel route

Activity

Cultural and historical classics

When mentioning Germany, people’s first reactions are beer, lederhosen with suspenders, and mountaineering hats, but these traditional concepts are mostly related toBavariaCulture-related matters cannot represent the overall situation in Germany. Germany is a vast and diverse country. It is made up of 16 federal states with different cultural shapes.

If you want to hear popular recommendations, then along the romantic castles and picturesque countrysideRomantic roadNaturally it can be regarded as a famous attraction. Its scenery is like a fairy tale world, the Neuschwanstein(Neuschwanstein Castle) is considered a symbol of German castles. Surrounded by a moatRothenburgThere is a very beautiful medieval city center, as if the tentacles of time have never touched her. Typical German towns can also be found in other parts of Germany, such asGorlitz、Bamberg、Celle、Heidelberg、ErfurtwithQuedlinburg. If I go againMunichA visit to his beer hall, andGarmisch PartenkirchenA glimpse of the Alps, then your trip to Germany for taking pictures is complete.

Germany is a modern industrial country,RuhrThe industrial heritage is the best example of the economic miracle (Wirtschaftswunder).hamburgerIt is also a strong economic driver and has the second busiest port in Europe. BecauseFrankfurtIt is the seat of the European Central Bank, so it is both the financial center of Germany and Europe. Its skyline is comparable to London. Fashion cityDusseldorf，CologneMedia industry, andStuttgartEach of the car companies represents a thriving industry in the German economic miracle.

BerlinIt will give you a completely different feeling. It is a very unique city. Although its architecture is composed of apartment blocks, postmodern attention to glass and steel structures, and some strange combinations of historical buildings, its environment is very relaxing, and there is an international culture that accepts everyone as "Berliners" . Its rich history gives it a deep historical wealth and numerous historical sites, including: Berlin Wall, Brandenburg Gate, Bundestag, Checkpoint Charlie (Checkpoint Charlie), TV Tower, Holocaust Memorial Center, Red The City Hall and the Minde Museum (also known as the East German Museum). But if you want to feel the real Berlin, don't forget Prenzlauer Berg (Prenzlauer Berg).

Schöningen(Schöningen) The javelin was in Germany between 1994 and 1998HelmstedtCountySchöningenEight Paleolithic spears were found in the coal mines. Approximately 16,000 pieces of animal bones were also found. They are the oldest hunting tools well preserved, more than 300,000 years old, and they are strong evidence of the active hunting activities of the Heidelberg people (Homo heidelbergensis). This discovery has permanently changed the perception of early social development and early humans.

Natural attractions

Due to its vast territory and its location in Central Europe, Germany has various terrains. The north of Germany is vast along the North Sea and the Baltic SeaNorth German Plain(Also known as the North German Lowlands) stretch of coastline. The terrain is very flat, the temperature is moderate to cold, and there are strong winds. As the southeast wind presses the water into the German Gulf, the tide is very high, thus formingWadden Sea. The seabed is exposed twice a day, so that people can walk between countless islands. CoastalEast Frisian IslandsThe scenery is very charming, but most of the tourists are German. The best white sand beaches on the Baltic Sea coast includeRugen(Rügen) andUsedom(Usedom).

Central Germany hasCentral Highlands, Rural areas with rolling hills, where farmland, forests and larger towns complement each other. Many of these mountains are tourist attractions, for exampleBavarian Forest、Black forest、Harz Mountains、Ore Mountains(Also known as the Krušne Mountains) andSaxony Switzerland。Rhine ValleyThe climate is very mild and pleasant and the soil is fertile. It is an important fruit and wine producing area in Germany.

In the south, Germany hasAlpsA small part of the highest altitude in Central Europe, up to 4000 meters above sea level, the highest peak in Germany isZugspitze, The elevation is 2962 m. Although the Alps are only a small part of Germany, it is famous for its beautiful scenery and unique Bavarian culture. There is the largest freshwater lake in Germany on the border with Switzerland on the southwest border of GermanyLake Constance。

Shopping

• Germany uses Euros.
• Prices in Germany are expensive. Gasoline costs about 1.3 to 1.7 Euros per liter. The prices in large cities and tourist areas are also very expensive. The prices in the German countryside are based on Asian tourists, and the local prices are not much cheaper than imagined. A trip on the subway in a big city is at least 2.1 Euros, and tickets for attractions can be 3-20 Euros.
• The basic estimate for traveling to Germany is approximately 100 Euros per person per day, excluding air tickets. This is a frugal trip for two people. If you live alone or rent a car, it will be more expensive to eat a big meal.
• Most attractions can accept credit cards (visa, master card), but transportation fees, attractions tickets, small restaurants, etc. all require cash.
• About half of the toilets in Germany are charged, ranging from 0.5 Euro to 1.1 Euro at a time.
• There is a custom of tipping in Germany, including restaurants and cafes with tables, people carrying luggage, commentators for castle tours, waiters on the ferry and so on.

Dining

Nightlife

stay

Learn

Work

Safety

Medical treatment

manner

communication