Tonga - 汤加

Tonga,full nameKingdom of Tonga, An island country located near the equator in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, composed of 172 islands of varying sizes, west ofFiji650 kilometers southwestNew Zealand1,770 kilometers, with an area of ​​about 699 square kilometers, a population of 116,900 people (2007), and the population density is quite high. In 1845, the Kingdom of Tonga was formed by the union of multiple islands. It has been a constitutional monarchy since 1875, and has become a constitutional monarchy since 1900.U.KThe protected area was finally independent on June 4, 1970, and became the 188th member state of the United Nations.

learn

history

3000 years agoPolynesiapeople atTongatapu Islandsettle down. Since 950 AD, Tonga has been ruled by the king and queen of the Tui Tonga family. Around 1470, the reigning king, the son of the 24th Tui Tonga, transferred his short-term power to his brother, and he was called the Tui Ha'a Takalaua Dynasty (Tui Ha'a Takalaua). In 1610, a similar transfer of power produced a third dynasty, Tu'i Kanokupolu, whose monarch became the ruler.

In 1616, in the sixth year of the birth of the Tui Kanokbaru dynasty, one of the Western powersNetherlandsThe navigators William Scoten and Jacob Le Maire arrived in the northern island of Nuotubdab. In 1643, Abel Tasman (Abel Tasman) once again arrived in the Tongatapu Islands and Tongatapu Island andHayapai Island,butEuropeEffective human contact with the islands began between 1773 and 1777U.KSeveral inspections by the famous explorer Captain James Cook. Cook called the islands Friendship Islands because the aboriginal people supplemented him with necessities and warmly welcomed him. In 1797 and 1822,LondonThe missionary church and the Methodist church respectively spread Christianity in Tonga, but they were unsuccessful. In 1826, the Methodist Church preached again and achieved results. In 1842, the monks of the Order of Mary set up a Catholic mission. From 1799 to 1852, the three families of Tonga fought for the throne in a civil war. George Taufaahao of the Taufaahau family quelled the war and established the fourth dynasty of Tonga with the support of the Methodists. -Taufa Ahao Dynasty, known as King George Tupou I in 1845.

From 1845 to 1893, Tonga became a unified and independent country. In 1862, Tonga abolished slavery; in November 1875, a modern constitution (1875) and a code were enacted to establish administrative institutions. Thanks to the conversion of George Tupou I, the power of Christianity expanded rapidly. According to individual treaties,Germany、U.KwithAmericaBoth recognize the independence of Tonga.

George Tupu I died in 1893 at the age of 96, and his great-grandson George Tupu II succeeded him. During his reign, Tonga became a British protectorate in 1900 to prevent German invasion. According to a treaty signed with the United Kingdom (revised in 1905), Tonga agreed that all foreign affairs should be handled by the British consul, who has veto power over Tonga's foreign policy and financial issues.

In 1918, Queen Salot Tupou III, the daughter of George Tupou II and 1.89 meters tall, succeeded to the throne (1918∼1965). During World War II, Tonga became the United States andNew ZealandThe army's supply base. In 1958, Salot visited Britain and signed a friendship treaty with Britain again. On December 15, 1965, the queen was succeeded by her son, Prince Tongi, as Taufa Ahao Tupou IV. In 1970, Tonga gained full control of internal affairs and diplomacy and became an independent country within the Great Britain.

In 2010, after the legislative reform of Tonga, the new parliament was elected for the first time by civilian members occupying a majority of seats.

geography

The land area is 747 square kilometers and the water area is 259,000 square kilometers. It belongs to Oceania and is located in the western part of the South Pacific, west of the international date line and adjacent to the westFiji. It consists of 3 islands, Tongatabu, Hapai, and Wavau, with a total of 172 islands (36 of which are inhabited). Among them, Tongatapu Island is the largest. It is the main island of the Tonga Islands and the capital of the Tonga Kingdom.Nuku'alofaLocation. There are no rivers on the islands. It has a tropical rain forest climate, with the dry season from May to August and the rainy season from December to April. The annual average temperature is 23℃ in the south and 27℃ in the north. The average annual precipitation is 1600-2200 mm. From November to March, there are often hurricanes and heavy rains.

climate

Tonga belongs to a tropical rain forest climate zone with no obvious seasonal changes. The peak precipitation is in February and March. The cyclones mostly occur from November to March of the following year.

learn

area

Tonga is divided into four island groups/regions:

city

Other destinations

arrival

aviation

railway

Private car

bus

Passenger ship

Travel around

Language

go sightseeing

Activity

Shopping

Overhead

diet

Nightlife

stay

Learn

Work

Safety

Medical treatment

manner

communication