Italian guide - Guía de italiano

The Italian is the official language of Italy. Like all Romance languages, with which it shares many similarities and lexicon, it derives from Latin. Italian is actually the Florentine dialect, chosen because of the prestige it had after Dante write the Divine Comedy with him as the administrative language of the newly created Kingdom of italy behind the Unification of Italy. After this, although each city and region continued to speak its own language, Italian took its place as the cultured and administrative language of the new country; It was not until after World War II that it came to be spoken by the majority of the population, mainly thanks to television.

Today it is mostly spoken in Italy, but also in the Ticino, in Swiss, San Marino and the Vatican, and has a large area of ​​influence, where dialects derived from Latin are spoken as well, but closer or more influenced by current Italian culture: the coast of Slovenia, Croatia (the Dalmatia), Albania, malt, Corsica, etc. A great difference can be observed in the Italian spoken depending on the area in which we are, although the language that we will find written is the same in all parts of the Italian peninsula and the places where it is official.

Grammar

For a Spanish speaker, the most striking impact at first will be the realization that plurals are not formed by adding an "s" to the end of the word, like most languages ​​around us, but by changing the final vowel. In this way, the masculine words to form the plural go from being finished in or to i, and the feminine ones of to to and; for instance, capello ("hair and chapel ("hairs"), or home ("House and case ("houses"). Of course, there are multiple exceptions and some diverse cases that make it not an absolute rule; but it is the most general.

On the other hand, the verb tenses, although a priori they are the same as in Spanish (with their own endings in each form), have evolved in such a way that the remote past, or past indefinite, is practically not used in Italian spoken; in the literary or written we can find it more often, but without being something of common use even so. To form tenses in the past tense, the past perfect is usually used (ho mangiato, etc), with the added difficulty that some verbs use the verb avere and others the verb essere to form it (ex .: sono venuto). He too conjunctive (the Spanish subjunctive) is used less and less, causing many Italians to practically not know how to use it.

For a slightly more advanced use, the biggest difference that Italian has with our language is the use of the particles ci Y ne, which are equivalent to the French Y Y in or the catalan women hi Y in: the first substitutes for a place and the second for something that has already been previously discussed. The clearest example is with the verb esserci ("to have"), which literally translates to "to be there": EC (of ci è), it would be "there it is"; ci sono, "they are there"; etc. As for the particle ne, the clearest example is when they ask us if we want something: - Vuoi biglietti? ("Do you want tickets?") - Ne voglio due ("I want two"), where ne replaces biglietti '.

Pronunciation

It is pronounced basically like Castilian, although it has some different sounds and others changed with respect to its graphic representation.

• The c with to, or, Y or they are pronounced the same as in Spanish. However, the syllables EC Y ci they are pronounced like the Spanish "che" and "chi", while the Italian che Y chi They do it like "what" and "who". With a s in front forms the digraph sc (in view of i or and), which is pronounced like the "sh" of Shanghai, like in sciare, "skiing". If behind the digraph there is a h, then the sound breaks and they are two different syllables (as in schermo, "screen": it would be / s-quer-mo /).
• The g it is pronounced as in Spanish, except when it goes with and or i (ge, gi), which is pronounced as a Spanish "y"; this sound, with the rest of the vowels (to, or Y or) is achieved by putting a i behind the g, as in Giacomo (/ Yácomo /). With the h form the digraph gh, which comes to be like the Spanish "gu" in "gue" and "gui" (so that, for example, Lamborghini would not be pronounced / Lamboryini /, but / Lamborguini /). When accompanied by a n (gn) forms our "ñ" sound (as in gnocchi, pronounced / ñoqqui /). The g with the l form the digraph gl (always before i), which is pronounced as a long l ending in ll (something like the ll catalana), as in family.
• The z it is pronounced as a ç, at a point between the Spanish s and z. When it is double it is pronounced as / ts /, as in Pizza.
• There are double consonants, unlike in Spanish.
• Depending on the region, we can find phonetic variants of standard Italian. For example in Florence Sound c or k can sometimes be pronounced as an aspirated h; or in the area of Forli, the z it is more similar to the Spanish z. All of this varies by area.

List of useful phrases

Basic phrases

Hello!

Ciao! / Hail (formal)

How are you?

How does it go? / Come stai?

Fine and you?

Bene, e te? / Bene, and you?

What is your name?

Eat you chiami? (/ Come ti quiami? /)

My name is ____

My chiamo ____ (/ My quiamo /)

Pleased to meet you

Piacere

Please

Per favor / Per courtesy (formal)

Thanks

Grazie

No problem

Prego

Yes

Yes

Do not

Do not

excuse me

Scusi

Sorry

My dispiace / My spiace (/ My dispiache /)

See you around

Right away

Bye

To dopo

Goodbye!

Goodbye! / Arrivederla (formal)

I do not speak Italian

Non parlo italiano

Speak English?

Parli inglese?

Is there anyone here who speaks English?

C'è qualcuno che parli inglese?

Help!

Aiuto!

Be careful!

Occhio! / Attenzione!

Good Morning

Buon giorno

Buenas tardes

Buona will be

See you tomorrow

To domani

I do not understand

I do not understand

Where is the bathroom?

Dov'è il bagno?

Problems

Leave me alone

Lasciami stare / Lasciami in pace

Do not touch me!

Non mi toccare!

I will call the police

Chiamerò the polizia

Policeman!

Polizia!

Stop, thief!

Fermo, I bark!

I need help

Ho bisogno di aiuto (/ or freshman di aiuto /) / Mi serve aiuto

Is an emergency

È un'emergenza

I am lost

My personal son

I have lost my bag / purse / wallet

Ho perso la mia borsa / il mio portafoglio

I am sick

Sono malate / ammalate

I am injured

Sono ferito

I need a doctor

Ho bisogno di un dottore / Mi serve un dottore

Can I use your phone?

Can you use your phone?

Can I borrow your mobile?

My loan is suo telefonino / cellulare?

Numbers

0

zero

1

one

2

due

3

three

4

quattro

5

cinque (/ chincue /)

6

sei

7

sette

8

otto

9

nove

10

eighteen

11

undici

12

dodici

13

tredici

14

quattordici

15

quindici

16

seditious

17

diciasette/ happiness /)

18

diciotto

19

dicianove

20

venti

21

twentieth

22

ventidue

23

twenty-three

30

thirty

40

quaranta

50

fifty

60

sessanta

70

settanta

80

ottanta

90

novanta

100

cento

200

duecento

300

trecento

400

quattrocento

500

cinquecento

1000

mile

2000

duemila

1,000,000

a million

1,000,000,000

a miliardo

1,000,000,000,000

a bilione

half

mezzo

less

less

more

più

Time

now

adesso, pray

after

dopo, poi

before

cousin

morning

mattina

afternoon

pomeriggio (from noon to mid-afternoon), sera (from mid-afternoon to bedtime)

night

notte

Schedule

one in the morning, one in the morning

l'una di notte

two in the morning, two in the morning

I hurt him, say notte

Ten O'clock in the morning

I gave him mattina

midday; the midnight ; mezzogiorno

One O 'Clock in the afternoon

l'una del pomeriggio / le tredici (13)

two pm

le due del pomeriggio / le quattordici (14)

ten at night

gave him di sera / le ventidue (22)

midnight; at midnight

mezzanotte / le (ore) ventiquattro (24)

How to tell the time

In Italian the time is said basically the same as in Spanish, with a few small differences:

• They use expressions more mezzogiorno Y mezzanotte for "12 noon" and "12 at night".
• The afternoon separate it into two different concepts: the pomeriggio and the it will be. There is no exact distinction, but the pomeriggio It would be a bit of the afternoon from 12 noon to about 5 or 6; while the it will be It would be from that time until we go to bed.
• The latter implies that it can be at night and be it will be, since for them the night is only when we go to sleep, not when there is no sunlight (if there are people and activity on the street, it will continue to be the it will be).

Duration

_____ minutes)

_____ minute / i

_____ hours)

_____ ora / e

_____ days)

_____ giorno / i

_____ weeks)

_____ settimana / e

_____ months)

_____ month / i

_____ years)

_____ anno / i

Days

today

oggi

Yesterday

ieri

morning

domani

this week

questa settimana

In the past week

the settimana scorsa

next week

the settimana prossima

Monday

monday

Tuesday

martedì

Wednesday

mercoledì

Thursday

giovedì

Friday

venerdì

Saturday

saturday

Sunday

domenica (is feminine: the domenica)

Months

January

gennaio

February

febbraio

March

March

April

aprile

may

maggio

June

giugno (/ yuño /)

July

luglio

August

August

September

settembre

October

ottobre

November

november

December

December

Colors

black

Wildman

White

white

Gray

grigio/ griyo /)

Red

rosso

blue

azzurro / blu

yellow

giallo

green

green

Orange

arancio / arancione

purple, purple, violet

viola

brown, brown, chestnut

brown

pink, pink

rose

Travel

Buses, guaguas and trains

How much is a ticket / passage to _____?

How much does a biglietto cost per _____?

A ticket / passage to _____, please

A biglietto per _____, per favo

Where is this train / bus going?

Dove goes what train / pullman?

Where is the train / bus to _____?

Dov'è il treno / pullman per _____?

For this train / bus in _____?

If I ferm this train / pullman to _____?

When does the train / bus leave / leave for _____?

When does this train / pullman part per _____?

When will this train / bus arrive in _____?

When will that train / pullman arrive at _____?

How can I get to _____?

How will I get to _____?

...Train station?

... the railway station?

...bus station?

... la stazione degli autobus?

...to the airport?

... all'aeroporto?

... to the center?

... (il) in center?

... to the hostel?

... l'ostello?

...the hotel _____?

... (l ') in hotel / (l') in albergo _____?

... the consulate of Spain / Argentina / Colombia / Chile?

... il consoleto della Spagna / Argentina / Colombia / Cile?

Where are there many ...

Dove ci sounded so much ...

...Hotels?

... hotel / alberghi?

...restaurants?

... ristoranti?

...pubs?

...Pub?

...places to visit?

... posti da vedere?

Can you show me / show me on the plane?

Could I show my letter?

Street

via / strada

Turn / double / turn left

giri to sinistra

Turn / double / turn right

I turned to destra

left

sinistra

right

destra

straight ahead, go straight

dritto

To her_____

verse il / la _____

after _____

dopo il / la _____

before _____

cousin of _____

look for the _____

cerchi il / la _____

intersection, crossing

incrocio

North

nord

south

south

East

its T

West

ovest

upwards

its

down

giù

In taxi

Cab!

Cab!

Take me to _____, please

My porti to _____, per favor

How much does it cost to go to / from _____?

How much coast will I be fine / a _____?

Leave me there please

My lasci lì, per favor

accommodation

Are there free rooms?

C'è qualche stanza libera?

How much is a room for one person / for two people?

How much does a stanza cost for a person / due person?

Does the room have ...

The stanza has ...

...bed sheets?

... lenzuola?

...bathroom?

... bagno?

...telephone?

...phone?

...TV?

... televisione / tivù?

Can I see the room first?

Posso vedere prima la stanza?

Do you have something a little quieter?

Has qualcosa di più tranquillo / calmo?

...larger?

... big più?

...cleaner?

... più pulito?

...cheaper?

... cheap più?

Alright i'll take it

Va bene, I turned her on

I will stay ______ night (s)

Ci rested ______ notte / i

Can you recommend other hotels?

Può raccomandarmi altri hotel / alberghi?

Is there a safe?

C'è una cassaforte?

... lockers / lockers?

Ci sono armadietti?

Is breakfast / dinner included?

È compress the colazione / dinner?

What time is breakfast / dinner?

A che ora (yes fa) è la colazione / dinner?

Please clean my room

Please, pulisca la mia stanza

Can you wake me up at _____?

Può svegliarmi alle _____?

I want to leave the hotel

Voglio lasciare l'hotel

Money

Do you accept dollars / euros / pesos?

Accettano dollari / euro / pesos?

Do you accept credit card?

Accettano letter of credit?

Can you exchange money for me?

My può will change dei soldi?

Where can I change money?

Dove posso will I change dei soldi?

Can you change traveler's checks for me?

Will my può change the Travel checks?

Where can traveler's checks be exchanged?

Will I change my posson from Travel checks?

How much is the change?

What is the tasso of change?

Where is an ATM?

Dove c'è un bancomat?

To eat

A table for one person / two people, please

A tavola per due, per favor / per courtesy

Can I see the menu, please?

Posso vedere il menu, per favor?

Can I come into the kitchen?

Will I enter the kitchen?

I am ready to order / We are ready to order

Sono soon per ordinare / Siamo pronti per ordinare

Is there a specialty of the house?

C'è una specialtà della casa?

Are there any regional / area specialties?

C'è qualche specialtà regionale / della zona?

I am a vegetarian

I am vegetarian (/ Veyetarian sono /) / Sono vegan

I don't eat pork

Non mangio maiale

I only eat kosher food

Mangio only cibo kosher

Can you put little oil / little butter / little fat?

Può mettere poco olio / burro / grasso?

today's menu

giorno menu

to the letter

alla letter

breakfast

colazione

lunch

pranzo

Dinner

Dinner

I want _____

Voglio _____

I would like a plate that has _____

Vorrei a piatto with _____

chicken

chicken (/ chicken /)

veal, beef, beef

manzo / bovine

fish

pesce (/ peshe /)

Jamon

prosciutto

sausage, viennese

wurstel / salsiccia; be careful if we see written salsiccia, is a false friend: it means "burifarra of minced meat"

cheese

formaggio

eggs

uova (sing .: uovo)

salad

insalata

vegetable (fresh)

verdure (fresche)

fresh fruit)

frutta (fresh)

bread

pane

toast

toasted bread

noodles

tagliolini

rice

riso

beans, beans, beans, beans, kidney beans

fagioli

Can I have / bring me a glass of _____?

My può will carry a bicchiere di / d '_____?

Can I have / bring me a cup of _____?

My può will carry a tazza di / d '_____?

Can you put / bring me a bottle of _____?

My può will carry a bottiglia di / d '_____?

coffee

caffè

tea

tea

juice, juice

succo

Water

acqua

soda water

acqua frizzante

mineral water

acqua minerale

beer

beer

red / white wine

rosso / bianco wine

Can I have some _____?

My può dare un po 'di / d' _____?

Salt

comes out

Pepper

pepe

butter, lard

donkey

Waiter! Waiter! Waiter!

Cameriere!

I'm done, I'm done

Finite ho

It was delicious / very good / very rich

It was delicious / molto buono

Can take the dishes

Può ritirare i piatti

The check, please

Il conto, per favo

pubs

Is there alcohol?

C'è alcol?

Is there service at the table?

C'e il servizio alla / in tavola?

One beer / two beers, please

A beer / Due birre, per favo

A glass of red / white wine

A bicchiere di vino rosso / bianco

A beer jar

A pint of beer

A cubata of _____ with _____

A cocktail of _____ and _____

A bottle

A bottiglia

whiskey

whiskey

vodka

vodka

Ron

rum

Water

acqua

tonic / tonic water

acqua tonica

juice / orange juice

succo d'arancia

Coke

Coke

Do you have something to snack on?

Ha qualcosa da

Other ______, please

Un'altro / Un'altra ______, per favo

Another round please

A different twist, please

When do they close?

When chiudono?

Shopping

Do you have this in my size?

What about nella mia misura / taglia?

How much?

How much coast?

It's too expensive

È expensive troppo

Do you accept Visa / euros?

Accettano Visa / euro?

expensive

expensive

cheap

economic

It is very expensive for me

È troppo caro per me

I do not want it

Non lo voglio

Is cheating on me

My sta truffling

I'm not interested

Not my interest

Okay I'll take it

D'accordo / Va bene, I turned it on

Do you have a bag?

Has a sacchetto?

Can you send it to my country?

Can you send it to my country?

Needed...

Ho bisogno di ...

... batteries

... batterie / pile

... cold medicine

... medicine / medicine per il raffredore

... condoms / condoms

... preservative

...Books in spanish

... libri in english

... magazines in Spanish

... riviste in english

... a newspaper / newspaper in Spanish

... un giornale in english

... a Spanish-Italian dictionary

... a Spanish-Italian dizionario?

... pain reliever (Aspirin, Ibuprofen)

...analgesic

... a pen / a ballpoint pen

... a penna

... stamps / stamps

... francobolli

...a postal

... a cartoline

... a razor blade

... a satin

...shampoo

... shampoo

.... medicine for stomach pain

... medicine / medicine for bad pain / stomacous pain

...soap

... sapone

...sunscreen

solare cream

... tampons

assorbenti

...a toothbrush

... a spazzolino gives denti

...toothpaste

... dentifrice

...an umbrella

... an ombrello

...writing paper

... letter da scrivere

Lead

I want to rent a car

Voglio noleggiare una macchina / un'auto

Can I buy insurance?

Posso stipulare un'assicurazione?

STOP, STOP, STOP

STOP / ALT (at a traffic sign)

unique address

unique sense

do not park / do not park

Patchgiare vietato

speed limit / maximum speed

speed limit

gas station / petrol station / service station

benzinaium

gasoline / benzine / naphtha

benzine

diesel / diesel / diesel

diesel / gasoline

Authority

I have done nothing wrong

Non ho fatto niente / nulla di brutto

Please, there was a misunderstanding

Per favo, c'è stato un errore / un malteso

It was a misunderstanding

È stato un fraintendimento / malinteso

Where is it taking me?

Dove my porta?

Am I arrested?

Was he / she arrested? Sono in arrest?

I am a Spanish / Argentine / Chilean / Mexican / Colombian citizen

Sono cittadino spagnolo / argentino / cileno / messicano / colombiano

I want to speak with the Spanish / Argentine / Chilean / Mexican embassy / consulate

Voglio parlare with l'ambasciata / il Consolato Spagnolo / Argentino / Cileno / Messicano

I want to speak to a lawyer

Voglio parlare with an avvocato

Can I pay the fine now?

Will I pay the fine / sanzione adesso?

I confess

I confess