Introduction
Iran (in Farsi, ایران Iran), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuriye Eslāmiye Iran) is a country of middle East. Since the 1st millennium BC. Until 1935 it was known in the West as Persia. Borders with Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Caspian Sea Y Turkmenistan for the North, Turkey and Iraq to the west and with Afghanistan Y Pakistan by the East. To the south, the Persian Gulf and the from Oman they separate Iran from the countries of the Arabian Peninsula.
Regions
Iran is divided into 30 provinces (ostan):
Cities
Nine of the most notable cities are:
- Tehran: (Persian:تهران): the vibrant capital, a beautiful city that suffers from terrible traffic and air pollution.
- Isfahan: (Persian:اصفهان) - an ancient capital with impressive architecture, grand bazaar, and tree-lined avenues. Most popular tourist destination in the country. There is a Persian saying that "Isfahan is half the world".
- Yazd: (Persian:یزد) - a city far from the desert - circumstance influenced special architectural themes where the water the rivers go into underground rooms in the houses and wind towers to keep them cool.
- Shiraz (Persian:شیراز) - an ancient capital, home to famous Persian poets such as Hafiz and Sa'di; known for gardens, especially roses. Very close to the famous ruins of Persepolis.
- Qom (Persian:قم) - one of the holiest cities in the Middle East, considered the jewel of Iran
- Kerman (Persian:کرمان): This southeastern city is one of the five historical cities of Iran.
- Mashad (Persian:مشهد) - the largest city in eastern Iran, with an important mosque, the shrine of Imam Reza
- Tabriz (Persian:تبریز) - a former capital with a grand historical bazaar, now a provincial capital in western Iran; It has been suggested that this is the site of the Biblical "Garden of Eden"
Other destinations
- Alamut (Persian:الموت), near Qazvin - castle of the legendary assassins.
- Dizin (Persian:دیزین): one of the highest ski resorts in the world, two hours north of Tehran. Great powder snow, cheap prices, and few international visitors make this a great place for a ski vacation.
- Kish Island (Persian:کیش) - a free trade zone in the Persian Gulf, which is considered a consumer of 'paradise', with numerous shopping centers, shopping centers, tourist attractions and hotel complexes. There is also Iran's first marina on the east side of the island.
- Qeshm Island (in Persian:قشم): the largest island in Iran and the Persian Gulf. Qeshm Island is famous for its wide range of ecotourism attractions such as the Hara Sea Forests. According to environmentalists, about 1.5% of the world's birds and 25% of Iran's native birds migrate annually to the Hara forests, which is the first national geopark.
- Pass (Persian:پاسارگاد) - the first capital of the Achaemenid Empire and home to the tomb of Cyrus the Great.
- Persepolis- Impressive ruins of a vast city-like complex built more than 2,500 years ago, near the modern city of Shiraz. It was burned down by Alexander the Great and further ruined by the Arab invaders. Called TakhteJamshid in Persian, Persepolis is the symbol of Iranian nationality.
- Susa (or Shush) (Persian:شوش) - 200 km north of Ahvaz, it was the oldest city in Iran. The Chughazanbil Ziggurat, the Palace of Darius the Great, the Temple of the Jewish Prophet Daniel, and the Palace of Artaxerxes II are among the historical sites.
Understand
Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979, following the overthrow of the Shah and the rise to power of Ayatollah Khomeini.
Islamic law currently governs o shariaFor this reason, customs that are deeply rooted in other countries, such as consuming alcoholic beverages or eating pork, are prohibited. Premarital or homosexual relationships, as well as adultery, are heavily punished, even with the death penalty. Anti-Western reactions by the government are frequent, especially against the governments of United States and Israel.
All women, from the age of 9, including non-Muslim foreigners, must cover their hair with a batik or scarf, bandana (not to be confused with burqa), in Persian called rosarí, since it is not allowed to show the hair in public. In turn, men may not wear sleeveless shirts or shorts or shorts, except in private.
In theory, women are not allowed to dance alone in public, nor are they allowed to go to tea rooms unaccompanied. These rules are now more relaxed, especially in large cities.
Respect the time of prayers, Ramadan and try not to take photos in mosques while the Quran is being prayed, it is considered disrespectful.
Despite all this, Iran is an amazing country, its people are extraordinarily hospitable, and they welcome foreigners very well. They are usually very interested in the opinion of tourists about their people and their country, and it is not strange to hear them criticize their government.
People
Humans have inhabited the area that constitutes modern Iran since the Stone Age. There are paintings in the Dusheh cave that date back to 15,000 BC. C.
The ancient Persians arrived around 1500 BC. C., a branch of the great movement of people that also brought to the north of India and most of Europe to its modern populations. The name Iran comes from the same root as "Aryan" which, until Hitler perverted it, was just an old name for the arriving peoples. Persian (known natively as Farsi) is an Indo-European language; Ancient Persian was related to Sanskrit, Ancient Greek, and all other members of that family. The Persians are not ethnically or linguistically related to their western neighbors, the Arabs and the Turks, but they are related to various groups to the east and north.
Iran has many people besides ethnic Persians; There are substantial minorities with their own languages, minorities with Indo-European languages related to Persian include the Kurds in parts of the west and northwest, the Baluchis in parts of the southeast, and Armenians in the north and in Isfahan, where one of the Shahs transported a few centuries ago. Turkic-speaking minorities include the Azeris, who make up a large part of the Azerbaijani population in the northwest, and the Qashqai, a nomadic people from the region around Shiraz. There are also Arabs and last but not least Jews, who have been living peacefully in Iran for centuries.
There are also two substantial communities of people of Iranian descent in India and Pakistan: the Parsis, who have been there for over 1,000 years, and the Iranians who arrived in the 19th and 20th centuries, both Zoroastrians who fled religious persecution in Iran. .
History
Persia has always exerted a great cultural influence on its neighbors, especially Afghanistan, the Caucasus and Central Asia. Persian influence can be seen in the art, architecture, and languages of these areas and in the Indian subcontinent.
The empire existed for most of the time period from about 500 BC. C. until the revolution of 1979, but its luck varied enormously throughout the centuries. During the Achaemenid Empire, Persia controlled most of what we now call the Middle East, and after the conquest of Ionia by Cyrus the Great, Persia came close to conquering Greece in the Greco-Persian wars of 499-449 BC. C. In 331 a. C., Alexander conquered (among other places) the entire Persian Empire.
The Sassanid government since 205 AD. Until 651 d. C. is considered the most influential period of ancient Persia. In 651 d. C., immediately after the death of Muhammad, the brutal conquest of Persia by the Arabs put an end to the Sassanid Empire. Persian and other languages of the region are still written with the Arabic alphabet. In 1221 AD, Persia was invaded by Genghis Khan and the Mongols. Marco Polo moved on later in that century, learned Persian, and wrote extensively about the region. Tamerlane conquered Persia in 1383 and, after a revolt in 1387, killed hundreds of thousands of people and built a tower with their skulls.
The Safavid dynasty reunited Persia as an independent state in 1501, established Shiite Islam as the official religion, and ushered in a golden age of Persian culture. The dynasty was overthrown in 1736 by Nader Shah, the last great Asian conqueror, who expanded the empire to include Afghanistan and much of India again. His short-lived dynasty and its successor, the Zand dynasty, lasted until 1795.
The Qajar dynasty ruled from 1795-1925. While many of the historic buildings in Iran are from this period, this era is considered a time of decline for Iran, as the rulers were more interested in building their art and jewelry collections and succumbed to strong pressure from the foreign powers, notably the United Kingdom and Russia, which jointly occupied Iran during the First World War. In 1906, the Qajar government became a constitutional monarchy and the Majlis (Persian parliament) was established.
The last dynasty
In 1925, a military coup by Reza Shah established a new "Pahlavi" dynasty, named for the oldest Persian dynasty around 500 BC. His government was quite nationalistic; changed the name of the country from Persia to Iran and built a strong army. He was also quite authoritarian; he built a powerful secret police and a propaganda apparatus, and he did not hesitate to crush dissent. He also made considerable efforts towards modernization and came into conflict with the Conservatives over it.
When World War II came, he rejected Allied demands for guarantees that Iran would resist if German forces went that far. Then Iran was invaded by Anglo-Indian forces from the south and Russian forces from the north, and a railway (largely by US Army engineers) was built to carry supplies from the Persian Gulf through Iran to besieged Russia. Reza Shah went into exile in South Africa, abdicating on the steps of the plane in favor of her son.
The son, Mohammad Reza Shah, continued the nationalistic, authoritarian and modernizing tendencies of his father. As the Iranian ruler, he could not choose Britain or Russia as allies. Being pro-German hadn't worked well for his father and France wasn't strong enough at the time. That left the Americans, and he became one of America's most important allies in the region, seen as a "bulwark against communism," a constitutional king, in a way a progressive ruler, modernizing, sometimes comparing himself to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who led the government of Turkey. modernization - and a protector of US and other Western interests. He was one of the few rulers of the Middle East who extended diplomatic recognition to Israel and helped prevent the Iranian nationalization of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. Besides,
While somewhat progressive, the Shah was also a traditional monarch. When the Soviets left northwestern Iran after the war, they left behind what claimed to be an independent socialist government of Azerbaijan. The first great conflict of the Cold War occurred when the Shah, advised by the CIA, brought troops that crushed that government and the Communist Party ( Tudeh in Farsi). Throughout his reign, his Savak secret police trampled hard on any opposition. His regime was also enormously corrupt, his relatives and various others became enormously wealthy while much of the country was very poor. On the other hand, he built infrastructure and started various pro-poor projects, including a program that sent new college graduates to the field as teachers.
In theory, Iran under the Shah was a constitutional monarchy. Mohammed Mosaddeq was elected Prime Minister in 1951 and instituted reforms that included the nationalization of oil companies and a land reform program, and also limited the power of the Shah as part of a constitutional monarchy. He was toppled in a 1953 coup backed by the CIA, the British (who had big oil interests at stake) and the Shah. The Shah and the new Prime Minister reversed the nationalization of oil, but continued with the land reform program. However, in addition to giving land to the peasants, it turned out that the Shah's family and other people with connections got a lot. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini went into exile at this time due to his objections to the land reform that took land away from mosques. In 1971, the Shah organized an expensive celebration of the 2nd, Persepolis. The extravagant party resulted in harsh criticism and its popularity ratings never recovered.
In 1979, the Shah was overthrown and went into exile, dying a year later. The revolution involved many groups - Mosaddeq-style secular reformers, the communists tudeh and various Islamic factions - but it came to be led and dominated by a conservative Islamic faction under Ayatollah Khomeini. Partly in reaction to the Shah's policies, they were also strongly anti-European and, in particular, anti-American.
Later, the religious conservatives crushed Europeanization and also any liberal or left influence. Iranian student protesters seized the US embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979 and held hostages for 444 days, until January 20, 1981. Realizing the turmoil in Iran, Saddam Hussein seized the oil fields Iranians in the south of the country and from 1980 to 1988, Iran waged a bloody and indecisive war with Iraq and, in the end, the borders reverted to their pre-war location.
Actual problems
Key current issues plaguing the country include the pace of acceptance of external modernizing influences and the reconciliation between clerical control of the regime and the participation of the popular government and widespread demands for reform. Inflation and unemployment (especially among the young) are major economic challenges. Relations between Iran and the rest of the world, particularly Western countries, have improved considerably with the 2015 nuclear deal, which began a gradual lifting of economic sanctions against the country. On the other hand, relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia have drastically deteriorated: As of 2017, the two countries are on opposite sides in violent wars in Syria and Yemen. The United States withdrew from the nuclear deal and proceeded to impose more punitive sanctions on Iran after a new president came to power in 2017, and relations between the two have deteriorated rapidly since then, with both countries often threatening to go to war with each other. This has certain consequences for visitors from both countries (see #To get). All Iranian presidents since 1979, as well as "spiritual leaders", Khomeini and Khamenei have also engaged in various degrees of anti-Israel rhetoric (often refusing to even use the word "Israel"), although a community still exists. Iranian Jewess who is even represented in parliament. Perhaps the most noted case in the West was when President Ahmadinejad was translated (among other sources on his own English website) as calling for Israel to be "wiped off the map", sparking considerable controversy and allegations of mistranslation. However, as Ahmadinejad himself pointed out, he was only paraphrasing a statement that Khomeini and Khamenei often make in various ways that is almost consensual among the highest echelons of the Iranian political and religious elite.
Sexual segregation in Iran is practiced severely. After the revolution, segregation by sex increased and was adopted in different ways during different decades. As a general rule, individuals of the opposite sex and singles cannot walk or talk with each other except within family groups. In the first years after the revolution, public places like cinemas, restaurants, beaches, basically anywhere other than shrines, mosques and other holy places, were segregated by sex. In the following decades, some places were no longer segregated by sex, but some exclusive places for women were established, such as parks for women, beauty salons, schools for women and universities exclusively for women. As of 2020, many places are still segregated by sex, such as transport vehicles (intercity buses, city buses, metro, trains, etc.). People of the opposite sex are not allowed to shake hands and men are not allowed to touch women, which is said to be for the sake of women's safety. There are exceptions especially with regard to non-Muslim tourists.
Religion
The main divisions of Islam are Shiites and Sunnis. The division dates back to a time immediately after the Prophet's death; Would the movement be controlled by some of his main supporters (Sunnis), or by his family, in particular by his son-in-law Ali (Shiite)? (Shi'a comes from "shiat Ali", meaning Ali's faction / party) There was a long, complex and bloody struggle over this. Today, Iran is one of the few countries that is predominantly Shiite, and the only one where Shiite Islam is the official religion. The Iranian government supports, among others, the Shiite Hezbollah movement, for which the United States accuses it of fomenting terrorism.
One of the main events in Shiite religious life is the Day of Ashura on the 10th of the month of Moharram; "ashura" means "tenth". It commemorates the death of Ali's son Hussein at the Battle of Karbala in AD 61. C. (680 AD). This is not a joyous celebration, but a very sober Day of Atonement. Travelers should not play music or act very cheerful in public at this time.
Traditional activities include parades in which people do 'matham' (blows to the chest, self-flagellation, sometimes even hitting each other with a sword) which is a way of remembering Imam Hussein, who was martyred along with his half brother, cousins , friends and two young children. Dramatic re-enactments of the battle are also sometimes made.
While Shiite Islam is undoubtedly the dominant religion in Iran, there are several religious minorities. Sunni Islam in Iran is practiced mainly by ethnic minorities such as Arabs, Kurds, Balushis, and Turkmens. Non-Islamic religions also exist in smaller numbers, the most notable being Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Judaism, all three recognized as minority religions by the Iranian constitution and guaranteed representation in parliament. Despite Iran being an Islamic republic, fire temples, churches, and synagogues continue to legally operate in the country. The majority of Iranian Christians follow Eastern Orthodoxy and are ethnic Armenians. Iran also has the largest Jewish population in the Middle East outside of Israel. While there are also a significant number of Bahá'ís in Iran, they are not recognized by the constitution and are instead branded as heretics of Islam, meaning that they continue to be persecuted to this day despite being the religion. numerically largest non-Muslim in Iran. A unique practice among Iranian men and women is the meeting of marriages (temporary marriages) that are locally known as mut'ah.
Weather
Iran has a diverse climate. In the northwest, winters are cold with heavy snowfalls and freezing temperatures during December and January. Spring and fall are relatively mild, while summers are dry and hot. In the south, winters are mild and summers are very hot, with average daily temperatures in July exceeding 38 ° C (100 ° F) and can reach 50 ° C in parts of the desert. On the Khuzestan plain, the summer heat is accompanied by high humidity.
In general, Iran has an arid climate in which most of the relatively little annual precipitation falls from October to April. In most of the country, annual rainfall averages 25 cm or less. The main exceptions are the highest mountain valleys of the Zagros and the Caspian coastal plain, where rainfall averages at least 50 cm per year. In the western part of the Caspian, rainfall exceeds 100 cm per year and is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year.
Landscape
Rugged mountainous edge; high and central basin with deserts, mountains; small discontinuous plains along both coasts with unique rainforests along the Caspian Sea. The highest point is Mount Damavand (5,610 m).
Desert: Two large deserts span much of central Iran: Dasht-e Lut is largely covered in sand and rocks, and Dasht-e Kavir is mostly covered in salt. Both deserts are inhospitable and practically uninhabited.
Mountain - The Zagros mountain range runs from the border with the Republic of Armenia in the northwest to the Persian Gulf, and then east into Baluchistan. Zagros is extremely difficult, difficult to access and is mainly populated by nomadic herders. The Alborz Range, narrower than the Zagros, runs along the southern Caspian coast to meet the Khorasan border ranges to the east.
Forest: About 11% of Iran is covered with forests, most of it in the Caspian region, and it is densely populated. Here are the vigorous broad-leaved deciduous trees, usually oaks, beech, linden, elm, walnut, ash, and hornbeam, as well as some broad-leaved evergreens. Thorny bushes and ferns also abound. The narrow coastal plain of the Caspian, by contrast, is covered by rich brown forest soil.
To get
- Citizens of Israel or citizens whose passports bear the entry / exit stamp of Israel will not be allowed to enter the country.
Since 2006 Iran changed its visa policy, making it easier to obtain a visa upon entry into the country at the Tehran airport.
Citizens of the following countries may request a visa at the airport for a value of € 35 / US $ 50, a visa valid only for one week without being able to be extended, they do not usually give visas for more than one week:
Spain, Albania, Armenia, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan Lebanon, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Holland, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Palestine, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam.
- Citizens of the United States cannot apply for a visa upon entry into the country, but through the consular section of the Pakistani Embassy in Washington dc, where there is an office called The Iranian Interest Section.
Transit visas are easier to obtain for those going from Asia to Europe.
By plane
The easiest way to travel to Iran is by plane. There are flights to Tehran operated by foreign airlines such as KLM, British Airways, Lufthansa, Turkish, Qatar Airways, Etihad Airways, Emirates, Aeroflot, China Southern, etc. In addition, Iranian airlines such as Iran Air, Mahan Air, Aseman, etc.
Normally, flights to Europe take place in the early morning.
Flights arrive at the country's main airports, mainly Tehran, at its new Imam Khomeini International Airport (IKA). This is located 45 km south of Tehran, and at the moment it is only accessible by road. A subway line is projected to arrive.
In addition, the old airport, called Mehrabad, is currently used for domestic flights and for flights to Mecca. It is not highly recommended to carry out domestic flights, since due to the commercial blockade by the United States and the UN, Iranian aircraft do not have a maintenance and repair service in accordance with international standards, and serious air incidents are not uncommon.
Boat
It is not possible to obtain a visa on arrival if you arrive by boat. Therefore, if you want to enter Iran by this method, you must obtain a visa in advance.
There are some scheduled services from Baku to Bandar Anzali on the Caspian Sea and from cities on the Persian Gulf to cities on the Iranian coast. They are usually of low quality.
From UAE
A high-quality ferry service is available between the island of Kish and Abu Dhabi and Dubai. This service costs $ 50 and the journey through one of the busiest stretches of water is sure to entertain you. However, you must confirm what the Customs and Entry Visa process is like using this service, since ships do not enter through the airport. While the check-in / check-out process at the airport is fairly well established, it is unknown if the process is handled as well when entering the docks. It is likely to be more chaotic and visas may not be issued on the spot as is the case at the airport.
There are ferries from Dubai and Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates to Bandar Abbas.
From Qatar
From Qatar to Bushehr.
From Kuwait
Ferries from Kuwait are operated by Valfajr Shipping Company. Fares depend on your exact journey, but in June 2011, Bandar Abbas-Sharjah, United Arab Emirates was sold for 795,000 riyals (about US $ 80). The boats leave twice a week (Monday and Wednesday) and depart from Bandar Abbas around 20:00. Tickets can be purchased from one of the agencies listed on the website. Expect to be the only non-Iranian on board. Freely plan the boat trip, as the schedules are not strictly adhered to.
By car
Many people drive a car to Iran through Turkey.
This requires a Carnet de Passage unless you want to pay import duties. You can purchase a license from your local drivers association (such as the RAC in the UK). An international driver's license is recommended, with a very beneficial Persian translation. There are also some car rental agencies in Iran that accept online reservations.
By bus
Armenia
From Armenia there are modern and daily buses from Yerevan to Tabriz and even further to Tehran. Tickets can be purchased at Republic Square in Yerevan, check Tigran Mets Street for signs in Persian. Tatev Travel in Nalbandyan also sells the tickets: 12,000 Armenian dram to Tabriz or 15,000 dram to Tehran.
The only land border between Iran and Armenia in Nuduz / Agarak is poorly served by public transport. On the Armenian side, Meghri can be reached with one marshrutka a day from Yerevan. In both directions, the Marshrutka leaves quiet early in the morning. From Meghri it is about 8 km to the border and the only option is to hitchhike or a taxi. On the Iranian side, the closest public transport is about 50 km west in Jolfa, so a taxi for around US $ 10-15 is the only business option. Expect a lot to be asked for all taxi rides, so tough bargaining is essential. Making it clear, or at least pretending you have other options, can help you get fairer prices.
The border is not busy at all, so when hitchhiking you have to stay mostly with the truckers and the Russian or the Persian help a lot here. Consider for yourself if this is a safe option.
Turkey
You can find Seir-o-Safar agencies in Istanbul, Antalya and Ankara to buy cheap bus tickets for Tehran. A one-way ticket between Istanbul or Ankara and Tehran costs $ 35.
- Dogubeyazit / Bazergan This border crossing between Turkey and Iran is easy (and fast) to complete by public transport. Take a bus to Dogubeyazit and a frequent minibus (~ 5 Turkish lira, 15 min) to the border. Cross the border section by pedestrians, take the customs taxi (give the driver about 1,000 bakschis rials) to the next town and take a taxi (US $ 3-4) to the bus terminal in Bazergan .. There could also be buses to Bazergan, but the taxi drivers who approach you at the border are not the right people to ask for that. From there you can easily take buses to the main destinations in Iran. Check the security situation in the region, due to the unresolved Kurdish conflict. Make sure you have a clear idea about the exchange rates if you want to exchange the lira or the Turkish rials, as the official bank at the border does not exchange these currencies and you have to deal with the abundant black market.
- There are also buses from Van to Urmia that cross from the Esendere-Sero border. Los autobuses cuestan 13 € y tardan más de 6 horas en terminar la ruta de 300 km debido a las malas carreteras en el lado turco y los numerosos puestos de control en el lado turco (más de 5) debido a la insurrección kurda (PKK).
- También puede tomar minibuses a la ciudad de Yüksekova cerca de la frontera y pedir taxis que lo lleven a la frontera. Cruce el punto de control fronterizo por su cuenta, ya que los taxis no cruzarán a Irán.
Pakistán
También puede (dependiendo de la situación política) ingresar desde Pakistán a través del cruce fronterizo entre Taftan (en el lado paquistaní) y Zahedan (en el lado iraní) siempre que tenga una visa válida para Irán. Puede do not obtener una visa en la frontera. Los autobuses nocturnos salen de Quetta y llegan a Taftan temprano en la mañana, desde allí se puede contratar un taxi hasta la frontera o caminar un par de kilómetros. Una vez que cruza la frontera (lo que puede llevar algún tiempo en el lado iraní, debe organizar el transporte a Zahedan (la ciudad local), donde salen los autobuses hacia destinos en el este de Irán, como Bam , Kerman y Yazd.. Vea Estambul a Nueva Delhi por tierra 3.9 frontera Irán-Pakistán, para más detalles sobre el cruce.
En la actualidad, deberá ser recibido por la policía a su llegada a Quetta, quien se encargará de que solicite un permiso para viajar por la región y lo acompañará para comprar un boleto de autobús.
Iraq
Hay autobuses diarios de Arbil a Urmia , también hay autobuses diarios de Sanandaj y Kermanshah a Sulaymaniyah. Desde Teherán , también hay autobuses a Sulaymaniyah y Arbil.
Afganistán
Hay autobuses diarios entre Herat y Mashad. Los autobuses pasan por la frontera de Dogharoun. La carretera ha sido construida por Irán y se informa que es segura.
Turkmenistán
También hay un servicio de autobús entre Ashgabat y Mashhad.
By train
Turkey
Un tren circula una vez por semana entre Van, Tabriz y Teherán. En dirección este sale de Van el martes a las 21:00, con largas paradas en la frontera, para llegar a Tabriz a las 05:15 del miércoles y a Teherán a las 18:20. Para conectarse con este servicio en tren desde Estambul, deberá partir el sábado. Tome el tren rápido YHT frecuente a Ankara y pase la noche. Desde allí, un tren sale alrededor de las 11:00 del domingo (también martes) y tarda 25 horas en llegar a Tatvan. Un ferry ocasional tarda cuatro horas en cruzar el lago hasta Van, o los frecuentes dolmuses dan vueltas por carretera; durante la noche en Tatvan o Van. Luego, continúe el martes por la noche hacia Tabriz y Teherán. Así que contad cuatro días; y se preguntan por qué la gente prefiere volar.
En dirección oeste es igualmente laborioso. Tome el tren desde Teherán a las 09:30 del lunes, llegando a Tabriz a las 22:30 y Van a las 08:00 el martes. Al llegar allí, el tren que va hacia Ankara acaba de salir de Tatvan al otro lado del lago. Por lo tanto, quédese en la zona para la salida del jueves (llegará a Ankara antes de las 08:00 del viernes y llegará a Estambul esa tarde) o pierda la paciencia y tome un autobús desde Van.
Syria
Todos los trenes entre Irán y Siria están suspendidos indefinidamente. Véase también el artículo sobre Siria.
Afganistán
- El ferrocarril Mashad - Herat, que está en construcción, se completa hasta la ciudad de Khaf, cerca de la frontera con Afganistán . El barato servicio diario de Teherán a Khaf cuesta unos 5 dólares estadounidenses.
Iraq
- El ferrocarril Khorramshar - Basora conectará los ferrocarriles iraníes con Irak . Habrá rutas de tren especiales para los iraníes que vayan como peregrinos a Najaf y Karbala . Hay otro proyecto que se completará más tarde pasando por Kermanshah hasta Khanaqin en Irak.
Pakistán
- The line Quetta-Zahedan conecta Pakistán e Irán por ferrocarril. Un tren sale cada 1 y 15 de cada mes desde Quetta y el viaje dura 11 horas y cuesta unos 8 €. En dirección opuesta, el tren sale cada 3 y 17 de cada mes desde Zahedan.
No hay servicio de pasajeros en el enlace Bam-Zahedan, por lo que debe tomar un autobús o un taxi.
El enlace Quetta-Zahedan también se suspendió alrededor de 2014 para los pasajeros. Los medios locales informaron que el restablecimiento debía realizarse a partir de septiembre de 2018, pero no aparece ningún tren en esta ruta en los horarios de Pakistán o Irán, y no hay informes de pasajeros que crucen; no sería prudente confiar en un servicio de este tipo existente por ahora.
Azerbaijan
- El servicio Nakhchivan-Tabriz conecta Nakhchivan (ciudad) con Tabriz y cruza desde la frontera de Jolfa . El tren continúa hasta Mashdad y pasa por Teherán . La ruta solía ser parte de la línea ferroviaria Teherán-Moscú que está cerrada debido a los conflictos entre Azerbaiyán y Armenia.
- Hay un ferrocarril de Bakú a la ciudad fronteriza de Astara . Desde allí se puede cruzar la frontera hacia Irán. El ferrocarril se unirá a Teherán a través de Rasht y Qazvin .
Turkmenistán
- Hay un servicio diario entre Mashad y la frontera de Sarakhs todos los días. El tren no avanza más por los cambios de ancho. Al otro lado de la frontera hay tren a Merv y Ashgabat .
- Se ha construido un ferrocarril desde Gorgan hasta la frontera de Inche Borun que continuará hasta Turkmenistán y Kazajstán
Moverse
El transporte iraní es de alta calidad y muy asequible. Hay pocos lugares a los que no viajan los autobuses muy baratos, la red de trenes es limitada pero cómoda y tiene un precio razonable y viajar en avión no es caro. Los precios de las entradas siempre son fijos y no tienes los beneficios de las reservas anticipadas.
Sin embargo, las estaciones de tren y las terminales de autobuses suelen estar ubicadas en las afueras de sus ciudades. Como ejemplo extremo, la estación de Shiraz se encuentra más lejos del centro de la ciudad que el aeropuerto internacional de Shiraz. Dado que el transporte urbano está notablemente subdesarrollado, el costo de un viaje interurbano podría consistir principalmente en tarifas de taxi.
By plane
Para cualquiera que tenga un plazo ajustado, los servicios aéreos nacionales asequibles son una bendición. La principal aerolínea nacional Iran Air , y sus competidores semiprivados como Iran Aseman Airlines (Aseman, que en persa significa "cielo" en persa, Mahan Air Y Kish Air, conectan Teherán con la mayoría de las capitales regionales y ofrecen vuelos interregionales por no más de 60 dólares estadounidenses) .
Sus servicios son frecuentes, confiables y definitivamente vale la pena considerarlos para evitar las grandes distancias dentro de Irán. Los aviones están envejeciendo (aunque la mejora de las relaciones con Europa en las últimas décadas ha dado lugar a muchos pedidos y algunas entregas de aviones nuevos), y los procedimientos de mantenimiento y seguridad a veces están muy por debajo de los estándares occidentales, pero sigue siendo la forma más segura de moverse por Irán, dado que el enorme número de muertos en las carreteras.
Algunos transportistas no utilizan Tupolev Tu-154 y otros aviones rusos y cambian con MD82 u 83. Sin embargo, lo más probable es que abordes un B727 de la era Shah o algún Fokker, ATR, Airbus A310 o incluso A320 más reciente si tienes suerte. En ocasiones, el B747SP volaba en rutas nacionales con mucho tráfico, y el tiempo extra de embarque y de preparación valen la pena de volar en uno de los últimos Jumbos abreviados que todavía se operan en el mundo. Saha Air, otra aerolínea interna iraní, también fue el último operador del Boeing 707 en servicio comercial regular de pasajeros. Sin embargo, el tiempo se ha puesto al día con estas máquinas viejas y ya no están en servicio. Si insiste en volar, intente conseguir algunos de los nuevos aviones arrendados en Rusia o los nuevos Airbus.
Los billetes se pueden comprar en los aeropuertos o agencias de viajes repartidas por las ciudades más importantes. Reserve con anticipación durante los meses de verano de agosto y septiembre, ya que encontrar asientos con poca antelación es prácticamente imposible. Es posible pagar más para subir a un vuelo reservado sobornando a alguien o pagándole para que tome su asiento en el avión. Algunos vuelos subastarán los últimos asientos al mejor postor. Para los occidentales, la conversión facilita superar a todos.
También puede encontrar boletos nacionales en algunas oficinas de Iran Air en el extranjero, como en Dubai. Espere pagar un poco más debido al tipo de cambio aplicado. Los billetes nacionales para otras empresas deben comprarse dentro de Irán.
Si es de un país "occidental", algunas agencias se muestran reacias a permitirle reservar un vuelo nacional.
By bus
The red de autobuses nacionales iraníes es extensa y, gracias al bajo costo del combustible, muy barata . De hecho, el único inconveniente es la velocidad: el gobierno ha limitado los autobuses a 80 km / h para combatir a los conductores de autobuses con patas de plomo, por lo que los viajes de larga distancia como Shiraz a Mashhad pueden tardar hasta 20 horas.
Hay poca diferencia entre las distintas compañías de autobuses, y la mayoría ofrece dos clases : 'lux' o 'Mercedes' (segunda clase) y 'super' o 'Volvo' (primera clase). Los autobuses de primera clase tienen aire acondicionado y se le proporcionará un pequeño refrigerio durante su viaje, mientras que los servicios de segunda clase son más frecuentes. Dada la asequibilidad de los billetes de primera clase (por ejemplo, 70.000 riales de Esfehan a Shiraz), hay pocos incentivos económicos para elegir los servicios de segunda clase, especialmente en verano.
Los autobuses comienzan (y generalmente terminan) sus viajes en las estaciones de autobuses en expansión, llamadas "terminal" (ترمینال) en persa. En rutas importantes como Teherán-Esfahan no se detienen a lo largo de la ruta, excepto en las cabinas de peaje y las áreas de descanso. Esto probablemente no debería disuadirlo de dejar un autobús antes de su destino porque la mayoría de los viajeros tomarían un taxi desde la terminal de todos modos.
Puede comprar boletos en las terminales de autobuses o en las oficinas de boletos hasta con una semana de anticipación, pero no debería tener problemas para encontrar un asiento si llega a la terminal aproximadamente una hora antes de la hora de salida prevista.
La mayoría de las ciudades operan servicios integrales de autobuses locales, pero dado el bajo costo de los taxis y las dificultades para leer las señales en persa (que, a diferencia de las señales de tráfico, no tienen contrapartida en inglés) y los números de ruta, son de poca utilidad para los viajeros ocasionales. Sin embargo, si tiene poco dinero y es lo suficientemente valiente para intentarlo, recuerde que los autobuses están separados. Los hombres entran por la puerta delantera o trasera y entregan su boleto al conductor antes de tomar asiento en la mitad delantera del autobús. Las mujeres y los niños deben entregar su boleto al conductor por las puertas delanteras (sin realmente subir) antes de entrar por la puerta trasera para tomar asiento en la parte trasera. Los boletos, por lo general alrededor de 500 riales, se venden en las casetas cercanas a la mayoría de las paradas de autobús. Los autobuses privados aceptan efectivo en lugar de boletos. También se aceptan tarjetas de crédito recargables en autobuses y estaciones de metro (en Teherán,
By train
Raja Passenger Trains es el sistema ferroviario de pasajeros. Viajar en tren a través de Irán es generalmente más cómodo y rápido que los autobuses de velocidad limitada. Las literas para dormir en los trenes nocturnos tienen un valor especialmente bueno, ya que le permiten dormir bien por la noche mientras ahorra en el alojamiento de una noche.
La red ferroviaria está compuesta por tres troncos principales. El primero se extiende de este a oeste a través del norte del país y une las fronteras de Turquía y Turkmenistán a través de Tabriz, Teherán y Mashhad. El segundo y el tercero se extienden al sur de Teherán pero se dividen en Qom. Una línea conecta con el Golfo Pérsico a través de Ahvaz y Arak, mientras que la otra atraviesa el centro del país que une Kashan, Yazd, Kerman y Bandar Abbas.
Las salidas a lo largo de las líneas principales son frecuentes. De 6 a 7 trenes diarios salen de Teherán hacia Kerman y Yazd, con tres adicionales con destino a Yazd y Bandar Abbas. Mashhad y Teherán están conectados por unos diez trenes nocturnos directos, sin contar los servicios a Karaj, Qom, Kashan, etc. Los servicios directos entre las líneas principales son raros, si es que los hay. Por ejemplo, Esfahan y Yazd están conectados por un tren que circula cada dos días.
Hay trenes de alta velocidad desde Teherán a Mashhad y Bandar Abbas llamados Pardis. En 2016 se está construyendo otra línea de alta velocidad que conecta Teherán, el aeropuerto Imam Khomeini, Qom y Esfahan.
Los boletos se pueden comprar en las estaciones de tren hasta un mes antes de la fecha de salida, y es aconsejable reservar con al menos un par de días de anticipación durante los meses pico de vacaciones nacionales. Los boletos de primera clase cuestan aproximadamente el doble de la tarifa de autobús comparable.
Conocido como "ghatar" en persa; Los trenes son probablemente la forma más barata, segura, confiable y fácil de viajar por el país. Como beneficio adicional; Podrás conocer gente, probar comida y ver a otros turistas. También evita todos los puntos de control que encontrará conduciendo por la carretera. Los trenes se retrasan con frecuencia, así que deje mucho tiempo entre destinos.
By subway
- Teherán tiene 7 líneas de metro. Uno de ellos es esencialmente una línea suburbana que va a Karaj y más allá.
- Mashhad tiene 2 líneas de metro.
- Shiraz tiene una línea de metro.
- Isfahan tiene una línea de metro que conecta la Terminal-e Kaveh con las partes del norte de la ciudad.
- Tabriz tiene una línea de metro.
In taxi
Los bajos costos de combustible han hecho que los viajes entre ciudades en taxi sean una opción de gran valor en Irán. Cuando viaje entre ciudades a una distancia de hasta 250 km, es posible que pueda contratar uno de los taxis savāri compartidos que merodean por las terminales de autobuses y las estaciones de tren. Los taxis son más rápidos que los autobuses y los taxis solo saldrán cuando se hayan encontrado cuatro pasajeros que paguen, por lo que si tiene prisa, puede ofrecer pagar por un asiento adicional.
The taxis locales compartidos oficiales o Savari , también recorren las carreteras principales de la mayoría de las ciudades. Los taxis son generalmente amarillos y en las rutas con mucho tráfico hay camionetas verdes con capacidad para 11 pasajeros. Ofrecen una tarifa más baja para cada pasajero. Por lo general, corren líneas rectas entre las principales plazas y puntos de referencia, y sus tarifas establecidas entre 2.000 y 10.000 riales son dictadas por los gobiernos locales.
Llamar a uno de estos taxis es un arte que pronto dominarás. Párese en el costado de la carretera con el tráfico fluyendo en la dirección prevista y haga una señal para detener un taxi que pasa. Se ralentizará un poco, lo que le dará aproximadamente un segundo para gritar su destino (elija un punto de referencia importante cercano en lugar de la dirección completa) a través de la ventana abierta del pasajero. Si el conductor está interesado, reducirá la velocidad lo suficiente para que usted negocie los detalles o simplemente acepte su ruta.
Si tiene prisa, puede alquilar el taxi de forma privada. Simplemente grite el destino seguido de la frase dar bast (literalmente 'puerta cerrada') y el conductor casi seguro que se detendrá. Negocie el precio antes de la salida, pero como está pagando por todos los asientos vacíos, espere pagar cuatro veces la tarifa normal de un taxi compartido.
También puede alquilar estos taxis por horas para visitar varios sitios, pero puede esperar pagar entre 40.000 y 70.000 riales por hora, según sus habilidades de negociación.
La mayoría de los taxis tienen "taxímetros", pero solo los taxis verdes de "puertas cerradas" lo utilizan.
Hay varios servicios de transporte populares disponibles en las principales ciudades similares a Uber. Snapp y Tap30 son las principales aplicaciones que se pueden instalar en dispositivos iOS y Android de forma gratuita. Puede pagar en efectivo o si tiene una tarjeta de débito iraní, también puede pagar en la aplicación.
By car
Una gran red de carreteras y los bajos costos de combustible (10,000 riales / L para los iraníes en octubre de 2017) históricamente han hecho de Irán un país atractivo para explorar con su propio automóvil. Sin embargo, un impuesto gubernamental sobre the combustible para los extranjeros que ingresan a Irán en automóvil privado ha atenuado un poco el atractivo.
Los extranjeros que lleguen a Irán con su propio coche deben tener un carnet de pasaje y una licencia de conducir internacional válida. Las estaciones de servicio se pueden encontrar en las afueras de todas las ciudades y pueblos, y en el Irán lleno de automóviles, un mecánico nunca está lejos.
No subestime el caos absoluto del tráfico de Irán . Las reglas de la carretera a menudo ignoradas establecen que debe conducir por la derecha a menos que esté adelantando y dé paso al tráfico que llega a una rotonda. Los conductores con frecuencia superan los 160 km / h (100 mph) en las carreteras interurbanas. Las leyes que exigen que los ocupantes del automóvil usen cinturones de seguridad para los pasajeros traseros no siempre se cumplen.
A veces se ven motocicletas transportando hasta cinco personas, sin cascos.
Evite las rocas grandes en medio de la carretera. Estos a menudo se colocan allí en un intento de reventar sus neumáticos. Luego, un transeúnte le ofrecerá reemplazar su llanta por US $ 50. Por supuesto, esta es una estafa que ocurre principalmente durante la noche, pero que ha disminuido debido a la agresiva vigilancia policial.
También puede alquilar un automóvil, generalmente por US $ 20-50 al día. El seguro y la responsabilidad legal pueden hacer que lo piense dos veces antes de alquilar un automóvil, especialmente considerando el hecho de que alquilar un automóvil con conductor generalmente cuesta lo mismo.
A las personas no se les permite llevar a su mascota ni siquiera en su automóvil privado y recibirán sanciones por conducir si las detecta la policía.
Las carreteras iraníes y las calles principales suelen tener cámaras de control de tráfico..
Talk
Persa (farsi) es el idioma oficial del país, no confundirse con el árabe por que no tiene ninguna conexión lingüística entre sí, simplemente utilizan la escritura árabe modificada.
Casi dos tercios de la población hablan alguna lengua indoirania, aunque la única oficial es el persa, escrito en un alfabeto árabe modificado. Étnicamente, la distribución es: 61% persas, 9% kurdos y 2% baluches. Dentro del grupo turcomano destacan los azeríes (24%) y los turkmenos (2%), pero también hay árabes (3%), armenios, judíos, y asirios. La lengua árabe, siendo la utilizada en el Corán, es enseñada en la escuela. También hay influencia del árabe en mucho vocabulario persa.
To buy
La moneda nacional es el rial IRR, aunque popularmente se utiliza el tomán, que pueden tener diferentes equivalencias, ya que originalmente 1 tomán = 10 riales, pero actualmente 1 tomán = 1000 riales. En caso de duda, solicite que se le muestre el precio en riales.
Irán sigue siendo una economía de dinero en efectivo, y el uso de las tarjetas de crédito es muy limitado a lo que se refiere hoteles de Teherán o casi inexistente en el resto del país, así que es fundamental llevar euros o dólares en metálico. El máximo legal para introducir al país es de 10000 € por persona.
La moneda se ha depreciado considerablemente en los últimos meses, y además el país cuenta con una gran inflación. A pesar de haber un cambio oficial con el euro y dólar, no existe la posibilidad de comprar divisa iraní en bancos, así que hay que acudir a las casas de cambio, donde ofrecen un tipo de cambio totalmente diferente.
No dude en visitar los numerosos mercados tradicionales, conocidos como bazares. En ellos se puede encontrar de todo, y suelen tener un precio económico. A diferencia de otros países islámicos y más turísticos, los vendedores no le molestarán ni perseguirán intentando venderle sus artículos. Tampoco es habitual que inflen los precios para los extranjeros, y aunque siempre se puede intentar regatear algo, no es norma. Los artículos más típicos del país son el caviar, azafrán, pistachos y frutos secos, además de las tradicionales alfombras persas y demás artesanía.
Hay un límite máximo establecido de caviar y alfombras que se puede sacar del país, aunque es mejor consultarlo estando allí.
Money
| Tipos de cambio del rial iraní A diciembre de 2019:
Exchange rates fluctuate. Las tarifas actuales para estas y otras monedas están disponibles en XE.com (tarifas oficiales) y Bonbast (tarifas de mercado libre) |
The rial , denoted by the symbol " ﷼ "or" GO "(ISO code: IRR ) es la moneda de Irán. Los artículos de Wikiviajes usarán riales para indicar la moneda.
Las monedas, que rara vez se utilizan, se emiten en valores de 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 y 5000 riales. Los billetes se producen en denominaciones de 500, 1.000, 2.000, 5.000, 10.000, 20.000, 50.000 y 100.000 y los billetes denominados "Cheques de Irán" se producen en denominaciones de 500.000 y 1.000.000.
Mientras que el tipo de cambio oficial en mayo de 2019 era de 42.100 riales por 1 dólar, la tasa ofrecida en el mercado negro era de 150.000 riales por 1 dólar. Asegúrese de comprender los riesgos del comercio en el mercado negro si decide cambiar dinero de esta manera.
En marzo de 2019, las oficinas de cambio del aeropuerto de Teherán ofrecían las mejores tarifas de esa ciudad: 151.000-153.000 riales por 1 euro; 170.000-173.000 riales por £ 1; 139.000 riales por US $ 1 (tipo de cambio en dólares al 26 de abril de 2019) - en el aeropuerto, primer piso (salidas).
Toman
La confusión con la moneda es estándar para un visitante, no solo por el gran número sino por la taquigrafía que se usa habitualmente. Los precios de los productos pueden comunicarse verbalmente o escribirse en toman (تومان) (a veces se denota "T") en lugar de en rial. Un hombre es igual a diez riales. No hay notas para el hombre: los precios se cotizan como tales como un atajo. Si no es obvio, asegúrese de aclarar en qué moneda se cotiza el precio.
Tarjeta de débito y cajero automático
Los cajeros automáticos y los comerciantes en Irán generalmente no aceptan tarjetas extranjeras (no iraníes) debido a las sanciones, así que traiga todo el dinero que pueda necesitar en efectivo, preferiblemente en dólares estadounidenses o euros. Las tarjetas de débito y las tarjetas de crédito emitidas por un banco iraní son ampliamente aceptadas en la mayoría de los lugares, y la mayoría de las tiendas y taquillas tienen una máquina de punto de venta, sin comisión. Si no quiere llevar mucho dinero en efectivo y siente pánico por tantos ceros en los precios, puede solicitar una tarjeta de débito turística. Los bancos iraníes no pueden emitir una tarjeta de débito o una tarjeta de débito turística a un extranjero sin una tarjeta de residente. Debe elegir una compañía de tarjetas de turismo que coopere con un banco para obtener una tarjeta de débito.
- IntravelCard: Puede recibir su tarjeta en el Aeropuerto Internacional Imam Khomeini o en cualquier hotel de cualquier ciudad de Irán. Puedes convertir tus euros o dólares en algunas grandes ciudades de Irán, te enviarán un empleado a tu hotel para eso. El tipo de cambio se basa en el precio medio del mercado negro, que es mucho mejor que el tipo oficial.
- Daripay: Puede recibir su tarjeta en el Aeropuerto Internacional Imam Khomeini o en cualquier hotel de Teherán. Puede convertir sus euros o dólares en algunas grandes ciudades de Irán, ellos le enviarán un empleado a su hotel para eso. El tipo de cambio se basa en el precio medio del mercado negro, que es mucho mejor que el tipo oficial.
- Tarjeta Mah: Puede recibir su tarjeta en el Aeropuerto Internacional Imam Khomeini o en cualquier hotel de Teherán. Solo puedes convertir tus euros o dólares en Teherán, te enviarán un empleado a tu hotel para eso. El tipo de cambio se basa en el precio medio del mercado negro, que es mucho mejor que el tipo oficial.
Otra forma de evitar que le roben su dinero es acudir al banco más cercano y obtener una tarjeta de regalo (Kart-e Hadiyeh کارت هدیه). Son exactamente como las tarjetas de débito de los cajeros automáticos comunes, pero una vez que se vacían, no se pueden recargar. Las dos primeras formas son más recomendadas. Puede encontrar una lista de los bancos iraníes autorizados aquí . La mayoría de los bancos ahora no venden la tarjeta de regalo, aunque existe tal restricción para las tarjetas de débito que requiere una tarjeta de residente para que los extranjeros compren tarjetas de regalo.
Intercambiar dinero
Los billetes en buen estado y los billetes grandes (100 dólares estadounidenses o 100 euros) suelen ser los preferidos en las casas de cambio. Las denominaciones pequeñas pueden ser útiles para compras pequeñas antes de llegar a una oficina de cambio, aunque muchas tiendas de cambio no cambian billetes pequeños. A la llegada al Aeropuerto Internacional de Teherán, la cantidad máxima que se puede cambiar por la noche es de 50 € por persona.
Los mejores lugares para cambiar dinero son las oficinas de cambio privadas ( sarāfi ) repartidas por la mayoría de las grandes ciudades y los principales centros turísticos. Sus tasas suelen ser un 20% mejores que las tasas oficiales ofrecidas por los bancos, son mucho más rápidas y no requieren ningún papeleo y, a diferencia de sus colegas del mercado negro, se pueden rastrear más adelante si algo sale mal. Las oficinas de cambio se pueden encontrar en las principales ciudades, su horario de apertura suele ser de domingo a jueves de 08:00 a 16:00. La mayoría cierra los viernes y festivos. No tiene mucho sentido arriesgarse a utilizar cambistas del mercado negro que merodean fuera de los grandes bancos y solo ofrecen tasas ligeramente mejores que los bancos.
Una lista de sarraafis autorizados de todo el país, en persa (farsi) , se puede encontrar aquí . Esta lista incluye números de teléfono, direcciones, números de licencia y fechas.
Las monedas más aceptadas son el dólar estadounidense y el euro. Otras monedas importantes como la libra esterlina, los dólares australianos o canadienses y el yen japonés se aceptan en muchas casas de cambio. Por lo general, las monedas que no son importantes no se pueden cambiar. Los billetes desplegados de US $ 100 y grandes euros tienden a atraer el mejor tipo de cambio, y es posible que se le coticen tipos más bajos o se le rechacen los billetes viejos o rotos o los billetes de pequeña denominación.
The tarjetas de crédito extranjeras solo son aceptadas por tiendas selectas con cuentas bancarias extranjeras, como tiendas de alfombras persas, pero casi siempre cobrarán una tarifa adicional por pagar con tarjeta de crédito en lugar de en efectivo. La mayoría de estas tiendas estarán encantadas de enviarle algo de efectivo en su tarjeta de crédito al mismo tiempo que realiza su compra. Si está desesperado por obtener dinero en efectivo, también puede intentar pedir a estas tiendas que le extiendan el mismo favor sin comprar una alfombra o un recuerdo, pero espere pagar una tarifa de alrededor del 10%.
Cheques de viajero : Los viajeros Cobro cheques puede ser golpeado o se pierda y se aconseja no confiar en cheques de viaje emitidos por American o empresas europeas.
The tarjetas de débito prepagas se pueden comprar en los bancos iraníes y sirven como una buena alternativa para llevar una gran cantidad de dinero en efectivo por todo el país. Asegúrese de que la tarjeta que compre tenga privilegios de retiro en cajeros automáticos y tenga en cuenta el límite diario de retiro. La red de cajeros automáticos en Irán está sujeta a interrupciones, así que asegúrese de retirar todo el saldo mucho antes de salir del país.
Grandes bancos iraníes, como Bank-e Melli-ye Irán (BMI, Banco Nacional de Irán), Bank -e- Sepah, Bank Mellat, Bank-e Saaderaat-e Irán (BSI), Bank-e Paasaargad y Bank-e Saamaan (Saamaan Bank) y Beank-e Paarsiaan tienen sucursales fuera del país que se pueden encontrar en sus sitios web. Puede abrir una cuenta bancaria en el extranjero antes de la llegada. Esto podría ser posible incluso en algunos países europeos. Puede encontrar las direcciones de los sitios web de estos bancos utilizando motores de búsqueda famosos; luego debe hacer clic en el enlace a la sección en inglés de sus sitios, que generalmente se muestra con la palabra English o la abreviatura In .
Bazares y negociación
Si bien las tiendas ofrecen una amplia selección de productos de calidad, los artículos locales se pueden comprar en los numerosos bazares. Las compras incluyen carpintería tallada a mano, con incrustaciones, cobre pintado y moldeado, alfombras, tapetes, sedas, artículos de cuero, esteras, manteles, oro, plata, vidrio y cerámica. Existen restricciones sobre qué artículos se pueden sacar del país y muchos países restringen la cantidad de artículos que puede traer debido a las sanciones.
Negocie despiadadamente cuando compre artesanías, alfombras o artículos caros y con modestia cuando tome taxis privados. En la mayoría de los demás aspectos de la vida, los precios son fijos.
Tips
En general, no se esperan propinas , pero los lugareños generalmente redondean la cuenta en taxis y agregan alrededor del 10% en los restaurantes. Los porteadores y botones esperarán 5.000 riales. Un regalo discreto de algunos miles de tomāns puede ayudar a engrasar las ruedas de la sociedad iraní y servir para agradecer a un lugareño extraordinariamente servicial.
Recargos para extranjeros
No podrá escapar del sistema de precios dual sancionado por el gobierno que se aplica al alojamiento y algunas atracciones turísticas en Irán; los extranjeros suelen pagar hasta cinco veces el precio cotizado a los locales. Sin embargo, los precios tienden a ser muy razonables para los estándares occidentales.
Budget
Debido a un tipo de cambio extremadamente volátil y una alta inflación, los precios estimados por muchas guías y agencias de viajes están desactualizados inmediatamente.
El tipo de cambio "oficial" también es mucho peor que el que obtendrá en el país, por lo que los precios pueden parecer más altos de lo que realmente son.
To eat
La comida iraní es muy buena. Esta cultura tiene deliciosos platos, poco especiados y no picantes si los comparamos con la cocina pakistaní o india.
La base de la comida es el arroz en su variedad basmati. Se cuece en ollas tapadas, una vez lavado con agua caliente. Se suele colocar el arroz sobre una cama de pan o patata mientras se cocina. Cuando se extrae de la olla, la base queda tostada creando una costra deliciosa llamada tadik.
El arroz puede tomarse blanco o condimentado con azafrán, la estrella de las especias iraníes. Muchas veces se mezcla al servir con mantequilla o con somagh, una mezcla ácida de hierbas y semillas.
Se hace uso extensivo de hierbas aromáticas como la hierbabuena, el cilantro, el eneldo o así como hierbas autóctonas del país. Además de incluirse como ingredientes de las comidas, suelen acompañar en crudo manojos de estas hierbas (sabzi) así como cebolletas (piazjeh).
Los encurtidos son famosos: los pepinillos o el torshi (encurtido variado y especiado de guarnición) no pueden faltar en ninguna casa.
La cocina suele estar basada en guisos de carne llamados khoresht (ternera y cordero normalmente) o platos de arroz con acompañamiento como el gormeh sabzi (con habas y hierbas), el lubia poló (con alubias), el shirin poló (con dátiles y pistachos) o el tachín (una especie de tarta de arroz con yogurt, azafrán y pollo).
Y por supuesto el kebab (que significa carne asada), unas brochetas de carne macerada rostizadas a la brasa y acompañadas de verdura braseada y arroz. Es la "fast food" iraní. No confundir con el döner kebab turco. Se suele acompañar de cebolla cruda.
El yogur es otro de los fundamentos de la cocina. Se suele tomar sin azucarar y se mezcla como ingrediente en muchas recetas, ya sea líquido o en bolas previamente secadas. Una de las bebidas nacionales, el dugh, se hace a base de yogur, hierbas y agua o soda.
Los pescados no están muy extendidos aunque son típicos de la festividad de año nuevo (now ruz) junto con el cucu, una suerte de tortilla de hierbas jugosa al horno.
La fruta (miveh) está siempre presente como aperitivo, refrigerio o postre. Los dulces basados en frutos secos, miel y agua de rosas acompañan al delicioso té iraní, que es la bebida por antonomasia.
A pesar de estar absolutamente prohibido, los iraníes son grandes aficionados al vodka y los licores. Muchos de ellos continúan fabricándolo en casa para consumo personal de forma ilegal.
Los horarios de las comidas en Irán varían considerablemente de los de Europa y Estados Unidos. El almuerzo se puede servir de 12:00 a 15:00. y la cena se suele comer después de las 20:00. Estas y otras ocasiones sociales en Irán son a menudo asuntos prolongados y prolongados que se llevan a cabo en un ritmo relativamente relajado, a menudo con pasteles, frutas y posiblemente nueces. Como se considera de mala educación rechazar lo que se sirve, los visitantes deben aceptar los artículos ofrecidos, incluso si no tienen la intención de consumirlos.
El cerdo y los productos derivados del cerdo están prohibidos y, como el alcohol, su importación es ilegal, aunque en la práctica las tiendas que sirven a la comunidad cristiana pueden vender carne de cerdo sin mayores problemas.
La buena noticia para los viajeros es que la cocina iraní es excelente. Una amplia gama de influencias de Asia Central, el Cáucaso, Rusia, Europa y Oriente Medio han creado una gama diversa y relativamente saludable de platos que se centran en productos frescos y hierbas aromáticas. La mala noticia, sin embargo, es que los iraníes prefieren comer en casa, en lugar de en restaurantes, por lo que los restaurantes decentes son escasos y se limitan a una selección repetitiva de platos (principalmente kebabs). Una invitación a cenar en un hogar iraní será un punto culminante definitivo de su estancia. Al visitar un hogar iraní por primera vez o en una ocasión especial, es costumbre que los iraníes traigan un pequeño regalo. Flores, dulces o pasteles son opciones de regalo populares.
Cocina tradicional
La cocina iraní está relacionada con las cocinas de los países vecinos de Oriente Medio y el sur de Asia , pero en aspectos importantes es muy distintiva.
The rice fragante (برنج, berenj ) es el alimento básico de la comida iraní. Hervido y luego cocido al vapor, a menudo se colorea con azafrán o se aromatiza con una variedad de especias. Cuando se sirve simple como acompañamiento, se le conoce como chelo (چلو). Las dos combinaciones más comunes de carne y chelo son las variaciones de kebab ( chelo kabāb , چلو کباب) o pollo asado ( chelo morgh , چلو مرغ). El arroz aromatizado, conocido como polo , a menudo se sirve como plato principal o como acompañamiento de un plato de carne. Los ejemplos incluyen shirin polo con sabor a ralladura de naranja, cerezas tiernas y zanahorias glaseadas con miel, el bāghli polo pesado de habas y hierbas y el sabzi polo. mezclado con perejil, eneldo y menta.El omnipresente persa Kabab a menudo se sirve con arroz simple y, a veces, con arroz especial (torta amarilla) llamado tah-chin.El plato de arroz y kebab chelo kabāb (چلو کباب) y su media docena de variaciones son los elementos más comunes (y a menudo los únicos) en los menús de los restaurantes iraníes. Se sirve una brocheta de carne a la parrilla sobre una cama de arroz esponjoso y se acompaña de una variedad de condimentos. Puede agregar mantequilla, tomates asados y una especia ácida conocida como somāgh to your rice, while some restaurants also offer a raw egg yolk. Raw onion and fresh basil are used to brighten the palate between bites. Variations in dishes kabāb they come from the meats with which they are served. You will normally see:
- Kabāb koobideh (كباب كوبيده) - a kebab of minced meat, minced onion and spices.
- Kabāb barg (كباب برگ): pieces of lamb sometimes marinated in lemon juice and grated onion.
- Joojeh kabāb (جوجه كباب): a skewer of chicken pieces sometimes marinated in lemon juice and saffron.
- Kabāb bakhtiāri (كباب بختیارِی) - Ideal for the indecisive eater, it's a skewer of alternating chunks of chicken and lamb.
At home, people usually eat rice with a thick stew ( khoresht , خورشت) that contains a modest amount of meat. There are dozens of variations of khoresht , As the fessenjān sweet and sour made from ground walnuts and pomegranate syrup, the ghormeh-sabzi most popular is based on fresh herbs, dried limes and beans, gheimeh flavored with peas and often garnished with French fries.
The abundant soups Iranians āsh , آش) are meals in themselves. The most popular is the vegetarian āsh reshteh (آش رشته) made with herbs, chickpeas and thick noodles, and garnished with kashk (which looks like yogurt but is something else) and fried onions.
The bread flat ( nān , نان) is another mainstay of Iranian food. It is served for breakfast with herbs, feta cheese and a variety of jams, or as an accompaniment to meals. Sangak (سنگك) is a dimpled variety cooked in an oven while pebbles Lavash (لواش) is a fine and smooth staple.
International kitchen
There are several good international restaurants offering Chinese, Japanese, Italian and French food, as well as vegetarian menus in Tehran and other major cities.
Fast food and snacks
Most of the food establishments in Iran are kabābis or fast food establishments that serve a standard fare of hamburgers, sandwiches, felafels or pizza (پیتزا). A burger and soda at a snack shop will fill you up at lunchtime for around 40,000 riyals, while pizzas start at 50,000 riyals.
Many teahouses (see To drink below) also serve traditional snacks and light meals. The most common of them is ābgusht (آبگوشت) a hot pot made from lamb, chickpeas, and dried limes which is also known as disciple , also the name of the dish in which it is served. You will be given a bowl (the disciple ) containing the ābgusht and a smaller one. Drain the broth into the smaller bowl and eat it as a soup with the bread provided. Then mash the rest of the meat and vegetables into a paste with the provided pestle and eat it with more bread, chunks of raw onion and fresh herb tacos.
Sweets and desserts
The never-ending demand for dentists in Iran is testament to the country's obsession with sweets and cakes, collectively known as shirini (شیرینی).
The baghlava Iranian tends to be harder and more crystalline than its Turkish equivalent, while the pistachio noughat called gaz (گز) is a specialty of Isfahan. Sohan It is a rich crisp pistachio popular in Qom, and freshly baked cakes are often brought as a gift to people's homes. The fruit leathers Lavāshak they are delicious fruit leathers made from dried plums.
Honey, saffron, and pistachio are just two local flavors of ice cream, while fāloodeh (فالوده) is a deliciously refreshing sorbet made from rose water and starchy noodle noodles, served with lemon juice.
Special needs
Since most travelers get stuck eating kebabs for much of their trip, travelers vegetarian they will have a particularly difficult time in Iran. Most snack shops sell falafels (فلافل) and garden salads ( sālād-e-fassl , سالاد فصل) and greengrocers are common. Most varieties of āsh no contain meat and are abundant, as are most variations of kookoo (کوکو), the Iranian version of the frittata. Also some restaurants prepare spaghetti with soy (soy). You can find pizzas like vegetarian pizza ( Pitzā Sabzijāt , پیتزا سبزیجات) or cheese pizza ( Pitzā Panir , پیتزا پنیر) or mushroom pizza ( Pitzā Ghārch, پیتزا قارچ) almost everywhere and Margherita pizza in some restaurants, which do not contain meat. The phrases man giaah-khaar hastam (I am a vegetarian) and bedoon-e goosht (without meat) will be useful.
It is a safe bet that most of the food in Iran is halal (حلال, ḥalāl, halaal) and will conform to Islamic dietary laws as specified in the Quran, with the exception of some stores in districts with large Christian communities. However, those looking for a diet kosher strict regulations may have to concentrate their efforts in the districts with the largest number of Jewish inhabitants. If you are in Tehran, look in areas like the older southern parts of the city, such as Udlajan or the Yusef Abad neighborhood.
Drink and go out
There are no discos or pubs or anything like it in the whole country, as alcohol has been prohibited and there has been segregation of the sexes since 1979.
The only legal alternative is to go to the many tea houses, where you can consume the traditional drink and smoke hookah.
If you want to "party", you will have to meet Iranians personally, who are great fans of organizing private (albeit illegal) parties in homes, where they usually offer snacks and the existence of alcohol is frequent. These parties are usually celebrated on Thursdays, since Friday is their public holiday for the week, just like Sunday is in the West. If you are invited to one of them, you must go with the utmost discretion and, very important, bring a gift for the host if it is the first time you go, such as chocolates or flowers.
In Tehran there is a place called the Armenian club where only Armenians and not Iranians can enter.
- Black tea ( chāi , چای) is the national drink of Iran. It is served strong and with crystallized or cubed sugar ( ghand , قند) that is cleverly held between the teeth while drinking tea. You can try asking for milk in your tea, but expect nothing more than strange looks or a long delay in return. The tea houses chāi khāneh , چای خانه) are a favorite place for men (and less often families) to drink tea and smoke from a hookah.
- The coffee ( ghahveh , قهوه) is not as popular as tea and can only be found in large cities. Where available, Turkish style, French coffee or espresso is served. Imported instant coffee is also available ( nescāfe , نسكافه) and instant cappuccino. Coffee shops (called "coffeeshop" in Persian, as opposed to "ghaveh-khane" (literally, coffee shop) which instead means a tea house) are more popular in wealthy and young areas.
- The herbal waters ( araghiat , عرقیات) are widely found in traditional form, as well as packaged in bottles. Herb waters have been used traditionally in different parts of Iran and some places are famous for herbal waters such as Shiraz and Kashan.
- Fruit juices ( āb miveh , آب ميوه) are available in shops and street vendors. Cherry cordial ( sharbat ālbāloo , شربت آلبالو) and banana smoothies ( shir moz, شير موز).
- The drinks are widely available. International products such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi, and their trademarks, such as 7Up, Sprite and Fanta, have been sold together with local brands such as Zam Zam Cola (زم زم كولا, Zam Zam Kola). The local cola tastes similar to "Coca-Cola Original" or "Pepsi Original". Coca-Cola and PepsiCo concentrates entered Iran through Irish subsidiaries and bypassed US trade embargoes. Zam Zam was launched in 1954 as a subsidiary of the Pepsi Cola company. As an intriguing result of the queue wars in Iran, coca real It was generally sold in plastic bottles and non-genuine coca, using a substitute syrup devised to overcome previous Clinton-era U.S. embargoes, was distributed in the real version. bottles that the then-syrupless bottler got stuck with at the time.
- Doogh (دوغ) is a sour drink made from yogurt, salt, and water (sometimes fizzy) and sometimes flavored with mint or other plants. It takes a bit of getting used to, but it will rehydrate you quickly in the heat of Iran's summer. It is the same as the turkish Ayran . It can be purchased at almost any establishment and is often consumed in the afternoon while eating kababs. It comes in two main varieties with gas (gaz-daar) and without gas (bigaz).
- The alcohol it is illegal for Muslims and if the police see it, you can be punished. Import is strictly prohibited. The penalties are severe. Therefore, you will rarely find places in Iran that openly sell alcohol, but drinking is common among some people, especially during weddings and other parties, and alcohol is tolerated in some rural and poorly regulated areas. Registered religious minorities, such as small Christian and Jewish communities, may produce and use small amounts of alcohol for religious purposes (eg wine for Holy Communion). There is no legal drinking / purchasing age for non-Muslims.
Festivals
Iran is, first and foremost, Persia. And as such they have preserved a multitude of pagan festivals that come from the ancient culture. These are the most prominent:
- Chaharshambé sourí: On the night of the last Tuesday of winter, this festival of Zoroastrian origin is celebrated, which revolves around fire. Large bonfires are prepared to dance around, jump over, and set off small pyrotechnic devices. Other smaller ones are used to jump over the fire while reciting "sorji e to as man, sardí e man as to" (give me your red and take my yellow) which represents that the fire remains the impure of your body (yellow) and purifies you until the following year (with red).
- Now ruz: Pronounced 'norús', it is the new year of the Persian calendar, and coincides with the entry of the spring equinox. In now ruz the custom is to give gifts to the little ones and make rounds visiting relatives and friends from house to house. In the houses the haftsín is prepared: on a table are placed 7 things that begin with "s" in Persian, and that are symbols of happiness and good omen (garlic, apples, coins, a book, flowers, live fish, sprouts of wheat...). It is usually a festive and therefore non-working week in Iran.
- Sisdabedar: 13 days after Nowruz, a picnic is held in the field and the Haftsín herbs are thrown into the river.
- Yaldá: The longest night of the year located in winter season is a festival that is contemporary with the Gregorian calendar new year.
- Ashura: It is a religious festival, typical of the Shiites, they remember the assassination of Imam Hussein, whom they consider to be the legitimate successor of the Prophet Muhammad, of whom he was a grandson. It is celebrated on the tenth day of the month of Muharram, the first of the Islamic lunar calendar. During a week, multiple funeral processions are organized throughout the country, bearing many similarities to Holy Week in Spain. The most faithful show their devotion by singing and doing penance. These days you have to try not to wear green or red clothes, although it is highly recommended to go to see a procession.
Sleep
Accommodations in Iran range from luxurious, if a bit tired, five-star hotels (هتل) in major cities to small, inexpensive ones. houses of guests mosāferkhaneh (مسافرخانه) and mehmānpazir (مهماﻧپذیر) which are full of garbage in most of the centers. In addition, the staff of mosāferkhuneh to They are often very happy to provide space for non-Iranians as these facilities have a recommendation from local governments to cater for all tourists. For longer stays, villas with all amenities (including central air conditioning, swimming pool and internet connection) can be rented in Tehran and all other major cities at reasonable prices.
A man and a woman cannot share the same hotel room unless they can prove their relationship (as a married couple or siblings). Foreign tourists are usually exempted from this law.
Also, you can find traditional hotels in central Iran, including Isfahan, Shiraz, and in particular Yazd.
Learn
The majority are Muslims: 89% Shiites, the official state religion, and 9% Sunnis.
The minority religions include the Bahá'í faith (currently persecuted), Zoroastrianism, Judaism and Christianity. The three main religions are not persecuted, but apostasy is.
Iran's population has doubled since 1979, although generational replacement is currently not assured. It has one of the youngest populations in the world.
Iran has a large network of universities private, public and state affiliates. Iran's state universities are under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology Iran (for non-medical universities) and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (for medical schools).
Work
Foreigners with special knowledge and skills have little difficulty obtaining permits. Work permit they are issued, extended or renewed for a period of one year. In special cases, temporary work permits valid for a maximum period of three months may be issued. An exit permit must be obtained for a stay of more than three months.
The maximum workweek is 44 hours, with no more than eight hours per day, unless overtime compensation is provided. Overtime cannot exceed four hours a day. Friday is the weekly rest day. Overtime is paid 40 percent more than the normal hourly wage. There are subsidies for shift work equal to 10, 15 or 22.5 percent of a worker's salary, depending on the work shift (for example, afternoon, morning and night)
Workers have the right to public holidays and one month of paid annual leave. For workers with less than one year of employment, annual leave is calculated in proportion to the actual length of service. Furthermore, every worker has the right to enjoy one full month of paid leave or one month of unpaid leave (if no leave is available) once during their working life to make the pilgrimage to Mecca.
The employment of workers under the age of 15 is prohibited. Young workers between the ages of 15 and 18 must undergo a medical examination by the Social Security Organization before starting work. Women are entitled to a 9-month maternity leave.
There is a national minimum wage applicable to each sector of activity set by the Supreme Labor Council. Workers and employers have the right to establish trade unions. Collective bargaining is allowed. Affiliation to the social security system for all employees is mandatory.
For a contract valid is held in accordance with the law, the following provisions must be included:
- Type of work, vocation or function that the worker must perform;
- Basic compensation and its supplements;
- Hours of work, vacations and permits;
- Place of performance of functions;
- Trial period, if any;
- Date of conclusion of the contract;
- Duration of employment; Y
- Other required terms and conditions may vary depending on the nature of the job. An employer may require the employee to be subject to a probationary period. However, the trial time cannot exceed one month for unskilled workers and three months for skilled and professional workers. During the trial period, either party can immediately terminate the employment relationship without cause or compensation. The only caveat is that if the employer terminates the relationship, it must pay the employee for the entire trial period.
Business customs
- Iranians are very formal and it will take several meetings before a more personal relationship can be established. This is particularly true for government officials, representatives of foundations, and state-controlled companies.
- The negotiations they will be long, detailed and lengthy.
- Exchanging gifts it is a tradition among private sector entrepreneurs.
- Along with social customs, certain تهرانMust perform trade label before interaction with Iranian businessmen. Although officials of the Islamic Republic are not allowed to use tie It is very common for foreign visitors to do so, although proper business attire does not need to include a tie in Iran.
- Women must adhere to the Islamic dress code mentioned below. Most officials do not They shake hands to a member of the opposite sex, especially in public. It is highly recommended not to create an awkward situation by reaching out. The same is true of private citizens who are particularly religious.
Security
Iran is generally a very safe country. There is a police presence in the streets, as well as the Revolutionary Guard, the basij, a paramilitary body that defends the Islamic revolution. There is no record of major robberies, except in the southeast of the country, which is a drug route that comes from Afghanistan, and thefts of wallets are greater. Extreme precautions must be taken near the border with this country, as foreigners are often kidnapped.
Be extremely careful if you travel by road, as traffic regulations are very lax and traffic accidents are very frequent.
To contact the Iranian police they will have to dial 110, or the ambulance service that is 123.
Health
Iran's sanitary conditions are quite good for a developing country, and there are good hospitals in the capital Tehran. The water is drinkable, although it is possible to obtain bottled water anywhere.
However, before traveling it is strongly recommended to take out travel insurance to be more calm in case of unwanted emergencies.
Iran has state-of-the-art medical facilities in all of its major cities. However, due to US sanctions, there is a serious shortage of medical supplies and you may need to be evacuated to another country to receive satisfactory treatment for more serious cases; make sure your travel insurance covers it.
Apart from being up-to-date on your usual travel vaccinations (tetanus, polio, etc.), no special preparation is needed to travel to Iran. For minor ailments, your hotel may contact a doctor of speak english. In case of serious illness or accident, you can request to be taken to a hospital with English speaking staff (such as Milad Hospital, Atiyeh Hospital, Mehrad Hospital, Day Hospital or Khatam ol-Anbia Hospital in Tehran). Make sure your health insurance covers illnesses or accidents while on vacation, as free medical services are not available in Iran.
Tap water It is safe to drink in most parts of the country (and especially cities), although you may find the chalk and the unpleasant taste in some areas (mainly Qom, Yazd, Hormozgan and Boushehr provinces). Bottled mineral water ( āb ma'dani ) is widely available. In addition, in many streets and sites, public water coolers are installed to provide drinking water.
Respect
Sharia law has to be strictly adhered to while traveling in Iran.
The consumption of alcoholic beverages is punished, although the trafficking of alcohol is illegally distributed on the black market. However, with foreigners there is a certain permissiveness in terms of consumption.
Women should wear the rosarí. In other words, they must have their hair and shoulders covered with a scarf or shawl, as well as the rest of the body, which must be covered by a 'manteau' or short raincoat that hides the chest, hips and curves in general. Therefore, it is forbidden to wear skirts above the calves, any type of transparency and clothing that is too tight. Of course forbidden to show cleavage. The rule applies from the moment you step on Iranian soil, including the country's international airports and ports (even if border control has not been crossed), so caution is recommended in this regard. It also applies to Iranian domestic flights and ferries, as well as international ones that are made with an Iranian company.
If you enter a mosque, they usually lend women a chador (which means tent in Persian), which is a kind of tunic that completely covers the body from head to toe, leaving only the face visible. These regulations also affect coastal areas, although on certain beaches there are areas set up only for women where you can wear a bathing suit.
Men will have a much more permissible situation, although they will have to wear long pants and shirts or T-shirts.The wearing of shorts or marking the package, or having the shirts very unbuttoned in the wolf chest style is not well seen and can be a symbol of wanting to roll with other. Caution should be taken when dressing. It is not advisable to wear brief swimsuits if you do not want to have problems.
If you are staying in a hotel, do not try to invite a woman into your room if they are not married or are related to you, as this is prohibited and the establishment staff will not hesitate to call the police.
See also
Wikipedia has an article on Iran.w: Iran
Wikimedia Commons houses multimedia content about Iran. Commons
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