Kalmykia - Kałmucja

Kalmykia - an administrative unit Russia in North Caucasian Federal District with the capital of St. Elista.

Characteristic

Geography

Kalmykia is located in the south-eastern outskirts of the European part of Russia. To the south it borders with Stavropol country, from the south-east - with Dagestan, from the north - with Volgograd region, from the north-east - with Astrakhan region, and from the west - with Rostov region. The country has access to the Caspian Sea in a section of several dozen kilometers.

The maximum extent of the region from north to south is 448 km, from east to west - 423 km.

Kalmykia covers an area of ​​75.9 thousand square meters. km². Most of this area lies in the zone of steppes, semi-deserts and deserts.

The country is situated in an area from 44 ° 50 ′ to 40 ° 10 ′ east longitude and from 41 ° 40 ′ to 47 ° 35 ′ north latitude.

There are three natural and economic zones in Kalmykia: western, central and eastern. The most favorable climatic and soil conditions are found in the western zone. The most important part of it are the so-called black earths.

Climate

Kalmykia is located in an extremely dry temperate continental climate. Its local variety is characterized by cool, little snowy winters and hot, dry summers. In winter it is slightly colder inland and warmer near the Caspian Sea. The average air temperature in January is about −7 to −9 ° C in the south and south-east of the country and −10 ° C to −12 ° C in the north. At times, the temperature can drop as low as -35 ° C to -37 ° C. In summer (in July the average temperature is around 24 ° C (23.5 ° C to 25.5 ° C depending on the region), sometimes the temperature reaches 40 to 44 ° C.

The climate of Kalmykia is characterized by low rainfall; most of the country receives about 210-340 mm of rainfall annually; in the driest regions of the eastern part of the country it is on average only about 170 mm per year, while in the western regions it is more - even up to 400 mm. Rainfall is most intense in May and June.

There are many sunny days in Kalmykia. The average annual sunshine duration here is 2,180-2,250 hours, which is 182-186 days

Characteristic features of the Kalmyk climate are frequent droughts and hot, dry steppe winds, which blow for up to 120 days in the warm season.

The length of the growing season is approx. 240-275 days (for comparison - in Poland it is approx. 180-210 days).

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Cities

• Elista
• Troickoye
• Lag
• Jaszkul
• Gorodovikovsk

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