| Kronstadt Кронштадт | ||
 | ||
Coat of arms and flag .png/56px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kronshtadt_(St_Petersburg).png) .png/70px-Flag_of_Kronshtadt_(St_Petersburg).png){kind=small} | ||
| State | Russia | |
|---|---|---|
| Surface | 19.35 km² | |
| Inhabitants | 44.461 (census 2020) | |
| Prefix tel | 7 812 | |
| POSTAL CODE | 197760–197762 | |
| Time zone | UTC 3 | |
Position
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| Institutional website | ||
Kronstadt (Кронштадт) is a fortress-city Russian and I bring onKotlin island as well as the main naval base of St.Pietroburgo.
To know
When to go
The port is frozen for 140-160 days a year, from the beginning of December to April. A very large percentage of the inhabitants are sailors.
Background
Kronstadt was founded by Emperor Peter the Great in 1704 as a maritime fortress and naval base on the island of Kotlin. The name "Kronstadt" was invented by Peter the Great, and in German it means "city of the crown".
Kronstadt Maritime Fortress was considered to be the most fortified port in the world. Kronstadt still retains some of the "forts", small artificial fortified islands. Others were destroyed or recycled during the construction of the Flood Prevention Complex St.Pietroburgo, a brand new dam of protective structures, which connects the island to the shore and is part of the federal city ring road. Previously, there were 42 of these forts, located in line between the southern and northern shores of the Gulf of Finland. Some fortifications were located within the city itself and one was on the western shore of Kronslot Island (on the other side of the main shipping channel).
Until 1998 Kronstadt was a closed city, since then it has become a tourist attraction with free access to its territory. The exception is the military port of Kronstadt and the territories of various military units stationed in the city and surrounding area. The architecture of the city center and the city walls mostly dates back to the first half of the 19th century.
In the 1970s and 1980s, modern neighborhoods were built on the outskirts of the city.
How to orient yourself
Kronstadt: full screen map.How to get
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Pre-dam map
By plane
Kronstadt does not have its own airport, the closest airport is Pulkovo a St.Pietroburgo.
By car
Kronstadt is part of the ring road around St.Pietroburgo, which connects theKotlin island from the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland, near Sestroretsk, and the southern coast, near little Izhora.
It is very easy to arrange water transport to / from Kronstadt, there are several operators.
- Kronstadt Passenger Pier, ☎ 7 812 311-33-17.
- University passenger dock, Coal Street, 14, ☎ 7 812 422-87-21.
- Trucking company, Obukhov Defense, 195 (JSC "Passenger Port"), ☎ 7 812 262-50-88, 7 812 262-62-51.
On the train
Due to its island location, there is no direct train service. The closest stops are the Bronka platform of the Saint Petersburg Baltiysky - Kalische line (12 km) and the Gorskaya platform of the Saint Petersburg Finlyandsky - Sestroretsk line (15 km). The nearest station "Oranienbaum-I" a Lomonosov, which can be reached from Baltyskaya station a St.Pietroburgo.
By bus
From St.Pietroburgo in Kronstadt there are several routes:
- from the metro station "Chernaya Rechka" - shuttle K-405;
- from the metro station "Staraya Derevnya" - shuttle K-510 and bus 101
- from the metro station "Prospect Prosvescheniya" - shuttle K-407
- from the railway station "Oranienbaum" - Bus 175
How to get around
Kronstadt is small and compact enough to walk around.
By public transport
There are social and internal bus lines. The rate of 25 RUB (2013).
- 1Co - Leningrad Pier - Makarovskaya Gate.
- 2KR - Port of Leningrad - Fort Schantz.
- 3KR - Port of Leningrad - block 19B.
What see
Peter the Great
- 1 (Морскоivaliй собокр святиятеля Николалая Чудотволана), Yakornaya Ploschad ("Anchor Square") (The city center).
Tue-Thu 11: 00-18: 00, office: 11: 00-17: 00. First built in 1728-1931, the current structure was built in 1903-1913, as the main church of the Baltic fleet, dedicated to all fallen sailors. It had a very tumultuous history, having been a movie theater in Soviet times. It was rededicated in April 2012, when Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said the cathedral "looks better than 100 years ago". Repairs were completed in 2013, in time for the cathedral's centenary. 
- 2 Makarov Bridge (Макаровский мост) (Between Anchor Square and Ravine Park). A riveted cast iron structure on a granite base with a wooden floor, completed in 1913. According to legend, Emperor Nikolai II was afraid he would be the first to walk on this pedestrian bridge, which appeared light and airy; one of the officers checked the street on his way to Anchor Square, and the emperor rewarded him for his courage. It was reportedly built in just three months, with naval technology. In 1970 the crossing was rebuilt and the wooden flooring was replaced with asphalt-coated sheets.
- 3 Kronstadt sea indicator (Кронштадтский футшток и Мореограф), Makarovskaya ulitsa 1 (At the Ponte Azzurro, near the former Italian palace, on the seafront). Sea-level observations on the island of Kotlin began in 1707. This monitoring was necessary because the water level of the Gulf of Finland could change considerably in a short time, creating navigation problems. The annual flood also required careful monitoring of the water level. The Kronstadt Sea Indicator ("Mareograf") is the zero level of the Baltic system of ups and downs. Inside a yellow pavilion on the canal bank near the sea meter rod is the tide meter, a self-recording device. All depths and altitudes (even spacecraft heights) in Russia and in some other countries of the former Russian empire they are measured according to the Kronstadt Sea indicator. A plaque on the blue bridge records the 3.67 m reached by the famous flood of 1824, mentioned by Pushkin in his poem "The Bronze Horseman". Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space, said in 1967 that he was "the hub of the Universe".
- 4 Museum of history, architecture and art (Музей истории Кронштадта), Leningradskaya St, 2, ☎ 7 812 435-08-73.
Adults 150 RUB, students 75 RUB. Reported as very pleasant. There is a model of the original Fort Kronshlot, a piece of the first water pipe system in Russia (in Kronstadt), an interactive room of the block and numerous photos, documents and ancient household objects. One section features works by Aivazovsky, the outstanding 19th-century marine painter. - (Кронштадтский морской музей), Andreyevskaya ulitsa 5. Dedicated to the history of scuba diving in Russia and the military history of Kronstadt in the 20th century, inaugurated on May 4, 2012; the first Russian military diving school was founded here on May 5, 1882, by order of Alexander III.
- 5 Kronstadt Maritime Factory (Кронштадтский Морской завод), Petrovskaya ulitsa, 2, ☎ 7 812 435-12-00. Free. Tue-Wed, Fri 15: 00-20: 00. The preserved shipyards of previous centuries, masterpieces of imperial and Soviet industrial architecture. A surprisingly beautiful place hidden from the eyes of tourists.
- 6 St. John of Kronstadt Memorial Apartment-Museum (Мемориальный Музей-квартира Святого Праведного отца Иоанна Кронштадтского), Posadskaya st, 21, ☎ 7 812 311-77-45. Tue-Thu, Sat-Sun 12: 00-17: 00. Well-preserved and restored apartment-museum of St. John (1829-1909), Russian Orthodox archpriest and member of the Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, famous for his mass common confessions, numerous miracles and charitable works, as well as his monarchical views , chauvinists, anti-Semites and anti-communists.
- 7 Alexander Popov Memorial Museum (Памятник Александру Попову), Kommunisticheskaya ulitsa. Alexander Stepanovich Popov (1859-1906) was the Russian inventor of a radio receiving device. His work as a teacher in a Russian naval school led him to explore high frequency electrical phenomena. On May 7, 1895, he presented a paper on a wireless lightning detector he had built that worked by using a coherent to detect the radio noise of lightning. This day is celebrated in the Russian Federation as Radio Day. A bust of him is in front of the little house where he tried his radio for the first time. It is reported as wonderfully abandoned.
- 8 Solar world clock (Солнечные Часы мира), Il'myaninova ulitsa, 2. An interesting sundial consisting of a large anchor, which shows the time in different countries. As of 2020, it is reported as in poor repair. Half of the dials are broken and the remaining inscriptions can barely be read.
- 9 Fort Kronshlot (Kronshlot Island). The "Crown Lock", the brainchild of Peter the Great, was built in record time, to protect the southern flank of the main canal, and took people by surprise. swedes in 1704. By 1850 and the war of Crimea, had been greatly improved and was hailed as the strongest European naval fortress of its day. Worth visiting.
- 10 Fort Alexander I. A textbook type of fortification "concrete armored", at the entrance to the canal. Obsolete against rifled artillery in the 1860s, it became famous as the "Plague Island", when at the beginning of the 20th century it became an isolated vaccination laboratory.
- 11 Lighthouse Museum (Музей маячной службы), Fort Konstantin, ☎ 7 812 382-08-88. Adults: 150 RUB, children under 7: free. 10:00-20:00. This fort began to be built in the winter of 1808 under the threat of a war with theEngland, which did not happen. After the flood of 1824, it was slowly rebuilt over several decades and only ended after the war ended Crimea of 1853-1856. The current name of the fort was given in 1834, in honor of the son of Emperor Nikolai I, Prince Konstantin Nikolaevich. The site was abandoned by the military in the 1960s. Today it functions as a historical and architectural complex with the private lighthouse museum (with a collection of real lighthouse lenses, lamps and other attributes of lighthouse life), a hotel and a marina. The fort itself looks abandoned and not very impressive from the outside, but its internal granite structures are striking and its location is incredibly cool.
Tue-Thu 11: 00-18: 00, office: 11: 00-17: 00. First built in 1728-1931, the current structure was built in 1903-1913, as the main church of the Baltic fleet, dedicated to all fallen sailors. It had a very tumultuous history, having been a movie theater in Soviet times. It was rededicated in April 2012, when Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said the cathedral "looks better than 100 years ago". Repairs were completed in 2013, in time for the cathedral's centenary.
Adults 150 RUB, students 75 RUB. Reported as very pleasant. There is a model of the original Fort Kronshlot, a piece of the first water pipe system in Other picturesque public buildings include the Naval Hospital, the British Sailors' Hospital (founded in 1867), the Civic Hospital, the Admiralty (founded in 1785), the Arsenal, the shipyards and the foundries , the naval engineering school and the English church.
Strong
The forts are located on man-made islands to the north and south of Kotlin Island.
Northern Forts
- 12 Fort Obruchev (Krasnoarmeisky, Форт Обручев). The fort was built on an artificial artificial island in the period 1896-1914. It was in service until the 1960s. It is named after Adjutant General N.Obruchev. Currently completely abandoned. You can reach the fort by water transport or on ice in winter.
- 13 Fort Totleben (Pervomaisky, Форт Тотлебен). The fort was built on an artificial artificial island in the period 1896-1914. It was in service until the 1960s. It takes its name from the famous fortifier E.I. Totleben, currently guarded by vandals by a group of enthusiasts. You can reach the fort by water transport or on ice in winter.
- 14 Nordic battery # 1 (Северная батарея №1). The fort was built on an artificial artificial island in the period 1855-1868. It was administered by the Ministry of Defense until 2002. Currently completely abandoned. You can reach the fort via an artificial dam that connects the fort with the island of Kotlin.The road that runs alongside the dam is passable.
- 15 Nordic battery # 2 (Северная батарея №2). The fort was built on an artificial artificial island in the period 1855-1868. It remained in service until the early 1950s. Currently completely abandoned. You can reach the fort by water transport or on ice in winter.
- 16 Nordic battery # 3 (Северная батарея №3). The fort was built on an artificial artificial island in the period 1855-1868. At present, it was badly destroyed during the construction of the St. Petersburg Flood Protection Complex - the so-called. "dams". You can get to the ruins of the fort directly from the dam. The fort's territory is very littered with visitors.
- 17 Nordic battery # 4 (Zverev, Северная батарея №4). The fort was built on an artificial artificial island in the period 1857-1868. It remained in service until the second half of the 1950s. It is named after one of the builders of the Kronstadt fortress - K.Ya. Zverev. In the late 1970s, the fort's premises were destroyed by a large fire. The fort is now completely abandoned. You can reach the fort by water transport or on ice in winter.
- 18 Nordic battery # 5 (Северная батарея №5). The fort was built on an artificial artificial island in the period 1855-1868. It remained in service until the early 1950s. Currently completely abandoned. You can reach the fort by water transport or on ice in winter.
- 19 Nordic battery # 6 (Северная батарея №6). The fort was built on an artificial artificial island in the period 1857-1868. It remained in service until the early 1950s. It is currently an out-of-service base of the "Gidropribor" Research Institute, the territory of the fort is guarded, access to visitors is prohibited.
- 20 Nordic battery # 7 (Северная батарея №7). The fort was built on an artificial artificial island in the period 1855-1868. It is currently leased by Seventh North Fort LLC. There is a bar and a beach on the territory of the fort, and there is a boat rental. The fort is adjacent to the dam and you can enter its territory by car - admission is subject to charges. There is also paid secure parking for cars and boats at the fort. On the territory of the fort are held the motorcycle parties of motorcyclists.
- 21 Powder warehouse (Пороховой склад). The powder warehouse was built on an artificial island in bulk in 1861 not far from the eastern end of the island of Kotlin.It is not a fort. It was used for its intended purpose to store ammunition for forts until the end of the 19th century, then for a short time - as a prison. Currently completely abandoned. It is possible to reach the warehouse by water transport or on ice in winter.
Southern Forts
- 22 Fort Kronshlot (Форт Кроншлот). The first fort on this site was built in 1704. Later "Kronshlot" (the name was invented by Peter I and translated from German means "Crown Castle") was rebuilt several times. The fort got its modern appearance in 1853. The fort is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense, access is forbidden, the territory is guarded.
- Fort "Emperor Peter 1 (Citadel, Форт Император Петр 1). The fort was built on the site of the wooden "Citadel" fort in the period 1827-34. The fort is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense, access is forbidden, the territory is guarded.
- 23 Strong Emperor Alexander 1 (Форт Император Александр 1). The fort was built on an artificial artificial island in the period 1838-45, and has a distinctive appearance (reminiscent of the famous "Fort Bayard"). It remained in service until 1896. In 1898 the anti-plague laboratory "KOMOCHUM" was located on the fort, which existed until 1923 - the fort owes its second unofficial name to her. Excursions to the fort are currently organized, delivered by the boats of the "Constantine" fort.
- Fort Constantine (Roshal, Форт Константин). The fort was built on an artificial island in bulk in the period 1854-63 on the site of southern battery # 4, was later completed and modernized several times, and is now a collection of samples of the fortification of the Kronstadt fortress over a long period . Currently, the fort is leased by OJSC "Third Park". It is possible to reach the fort from the dam by car, the entrance is subject to charges. On the territory of the fort there is a bar and a hotel, boat excursions are conducted with visits to the forts "Alexander 1" and "Milyutin". There is also parking for boats and yachts on the fort and a checkpoint for small boats crossing the border.
- 24 Strong Emperor Paul 1 (Risbank, Форт Император Павел 1). The fort was built on an artificial artificial island in the period 1853-64, and remained in service until 1898, after which it was used as a repository for sea mines. In 1923, following the explosion of a mining warehouse, it was completely destroyed, and is now an island with ruins of buildings, overgrown with trees and bushes. You can reach the fort by water transport or on ice in winter.
- 25 Southern Battery Number 1 (Южная батарея №1). The fort was built on a man-made artificial island in the period 1855-68 and was in service until the 1950s. Currently completely abandoned. You can reach the fort by water transport or on ice in winter.
- 26 Southern Battery # 2 (Dzichkanets, Южная батарея №2). The fort was built on a man-made artificial island in the period 1855-68 and was in service until the 1950s. It is named after one of the builders of the Kronstadt fortress - I.G. Dzichkants. Currently completely abandoned. You can reach the fort by water transport or on ice in winter.
- 27 Southern Battery # 3 (Tower, Graf Milyutin, Южная батарея №3). The fort was built on a man-made artificial island in the period 1865-79 and was in service until the 1950s. Initially, the fort's artillery was housed in six rotating armored towers, which is why the fort got its name. It was later renamed in honor of the Minister of War, Count D.A. Milyutin. Excursions to the fort are currently organized, delivered by the boats of the fort "Constantine".
Events and parties
What to do
- 1 Petrovskiy Park, Arsenal'nyy Pereulok 5. Recommended as one of the most beautiful places in Kronstadt from which to see warships. The centerpiece is the statue of the founder Peter the Great.
Shopping
How to have fun
Where to eat
Average prices
Kronstadt tide gauge
- Austeria Restaurant (Аустерия), Sovetskaya ul, 43, ☎ 7 812 311-05-32.
- Cafe Amulet (Кафе "Амулет"), pr. Lenina, 18, ☎ 7 812 311-59-41.
- Bistro (Бистро), Kommunisticheskaya ul, 16.
- Cafe Brigantina, Sovetskaya ul, 41, ☎ 7 812 311-32-49.
- Cafe Dom Druzhby (Кафе "Дом дружбы"), Kommunisticheskaya ul., 3, ☎ 7 812 311-12-98.
- Cafe Zolotoy Yakor (Кафе "Золотой якорь"), Mayakovskaya ul, 3, ☎ 7 812 311-46-57.
- Cafe Imperial (Кафе "Империал"), pr. Lenina, 43, ☎ 7 812 435-10-78.
- Cafe, ул. Карла Либкнехта, 29, ☎ 7 812 311-15-92.
- Cafe Classic (Кафе "Классик"), pr. Lenina, 29, ☎ 7 812 435-14-76.
- Cafe Labaz (Кафе "Лабаз"), Grazhdanskaya ul, 7/11, ☎ 7 812 311-22-38.
- Cafe Lika (Кафе "Лика"), Leningradskaya ul., 3, ☎ 7 812 311-35-84.
- Cafe Luza (Кафе "Луза"), pr. Lenina, 43, ☎ 7 812 311-42-42.
- Cafe Na Troikh (Кафе «На троих"), Kommunisticheskaya ul., 3, ☎ 7 812 311-40-29.
- Cafe Novaya Volnya (Кафе «Новая волна"), ul. Gidrostroiteley, 8, ☎ 7 812 439-41-73.
- Cafe Notch (Кафе "Ночь"), pr. Lenina, 53, ☎ 7 812 435-27-37.
- Cafe Nika (Кафе "Ника"), Flotskaya ul., 17, ☎ 7 812 311-84-43.
- Cafe Parus (Кафе «Парус»), Flotskaya ul., 29/9, ☎ 7 812 311-59-96.
- Pelmennaya (Пельменная), pr. Lenina, 18, ☎ 7 812 311-63-35.
- Cafe Podvorye (Кафе «Подворье"), Grazhdanskaya ul, 7/11, ☎ 7 812 311-22-38.
- Cafe Skazka (Кафе «Сказка"), pr. Lenina, 31, ☎ 7 812 311-39-05.
- Cafe Strelets (Кафе «Стрелец»), pr. Lenina, 33, ☎ 7 812 439-05-00.
- Cafe Taverna (Кафе «Таверна"), Kommunisticheskaya ul, 1, ☎ 7 812 311-19-69.
- Cafe Traktir (Кафе «Трактир»), Posadskaya ul, 3, ☎ 7 812 311-38-45.
- Cafe Fort (Кафе "Форт"), pr. Lenina, 26, ☎ 7 812 311-44-59.
- Cafe Fort Konstantin (Кафе «Форт„ Константин ""), ☎ 7 812 439-01-02.
Where stay
Average prices
- (Гостиница ВМФ), Kommunisticheskaya ul, 1, ☎ 7 812 311-25-92.
- (Гостиница ВМФ), Kronstadt highway, 28, ☎ 7 812 435-07-30, 7 812 439-40-80.
- Frigat Service Hotel (Гостиница "Фрегат-Сервис"), ul. Gidrostroiteley, 8-а (fort Konstantin), ☎ 7 812 439-01-57.
- Micromacro Hotel, ul. Veleschinskogo, 9/13, ☎ 7 921 9054794, @[email protected].
