 Burial rock of el-Maʿalla | ||
| el-Maʿalla · المعلة | ||
| Governorate | Luxor | |
|---|---|---|
| Residents | 8.047 (2006) | |
| height | 82 m | |
no tourist info on Wikidata:  | ||
| location | ||
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The upper egyptian Village el-Ma'alla, often wrong el-Moʿalla, Arabic:المَعَلَّة, al-Maʿalla,[1] ancient egyptian: (Per) yeast, located about 40 kilometers south of Luxor and 20 kilometers south of eṭ-Ṭōd on the eastern bank of the Nile. The village is the namesake of an ancient Egyptian rock grave cemetery of the former princes of the 3rd Upper Egyptian district. This archaeological site is located just a few kilometers south of the village of el-Maʿalla, immediately to the north of the village 1 Abū Saʿīd(25 ° 26 '43 "N.32 ° 32 '47 "E.).
background
Near the village 2 el-Maʿalla there is a cemetery of the princes of the 3rd Upper Egyptian Gaus from the time of the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period. The graves were dug on the western flank of the local limestone cliffs.
Settlement remains of the ancient Egyptian city Yeast have not been found until today. The earliest evidence of this city comes from the tomb of Anchtifi (Ankhtifi). The place is also documented by testimonies until the late period. Possibly with the place name Τούφιον, Toufion, from the time of Ptolemy ’I Soter meant the same city. Hefat was the capital of the later district "Horus in the East". The falcon-shaped judge god was one of the gods worshiped here Themes and later also the Theban empire god Amun.[2]
The area has been examined by French archaeologists since the 1920s. The graves have been restored in recent years. The inscriptions from the tomb of Anchtifi are discussed in numerous essays to this day.
getting there
By car
The journey takes place via the trunk road 02, Luxor-Aswan, on the eastern bank of the Nile. The archaeological site is 4 kilometers southeast of the village of el-Maʿalla, the place name of the actual village is Abū Saʿīd,أبو سعيد. You have to do the second 1 bridge(25 ° 26 ′ 41 ″ N.32 ° 32 '36 "E) Cross over the small irrigation arm south to el-Maʿalla. The cemetery can already be seen from the street. After crossing the bridge, drive over the piste until you come to the house of the guards. From here it is only a few meters to the cemetery.
By train
Abū Saʿīd has one 2 Breakpoint(25 ° 26 '37 "N.32 ° 32 '43 "E) the railway, which is only served by third-class trains.
Tourist Attractions
The archaeological site is open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Important: The tickets for this cemetery must be obtained from the ticket booth of the Temple of Luxor to be acquired! The admission price is LE 40 and LE 20 for students (as of 11/2019). Tickets are sold from 6:00 a.m. The local guards in el-Maʿalla / Abū Saʿīd have the keys to both of the graves described below. In 2017, a visit to the grave of Sobekhotep was no longer permitted.
Rock tombs of the First Intermediate Period
1 Anchtifi tomb(25 ° 26 '53 "N.32 ° 32 '38 "E.), Gaufurst of the 3rd Upper Egyptian Gaus, head of the priests and troop leader in the first interim period before the 11th dynasty. The irregular, transverse hall about 23 m wide grave contains numerous depictions of daily life on the walls and the 30 pillars, mostly as paintings, less often as reliefs. From the entrance you get directly to the grave shaft, which leads to the underground grave of Anchtifi.
The depictions on the west wall (the entrance wall) include the grave lord spearing fish on a papyrus boat, fishing with a trawl and hippopotamus hunting. On the east wall (the back wall), archers accompanied by dogs, transport scenes (donkeys with loads), boat scenes, cows and calves are shown. The depictions on the north wall include a harvest estimate. The pillars show, among other things, people with animals, food preparation, slaughter, grinding, plowing, a carpenter's workshop and people enjoying music and dance. The most significant thing about the grave is the ideal biography of the prince on the front right six pillars. Ankhtifi describes, among other things, a time of famine, his care for the population and his military conquests between Elephantine and Thebes from before the 11th (Theban) dynasty.
This is to the north of the Anchtifi tomb 2 Tomb of Sobekhotep(25 ° 26 '56 "N.32 ° 32 '37 "E.) from the 6th Dynasty or the First Intermediate Period. The almost 6 meters wide and 3 meters deep rectangular grave contains three grave shafts lying next to each other. The poorly preserved reliefs show depictions of animals such as cows, calves, donkeys and dogs as well as gift carriers. The remains of a funeral procession can be found on the right entrance wall. Be careful when entering the grave, as the grave shafts are not secured.
museum
The museum in Saʿīd village is not accessible.
kitchen
accommodation
Accommodation can be found in Luxor Find.
trips
A visit to the El Ma vonalla cemetery can be combined with the sites in Esna and or eṭ-Ṭōd connect.
literature
The two graves are described in the scientific literature:
- : Mo‘alla: La tombe d'Ankhtifi et la tombe de Sébekhotep. Le Caire: Inst. Français d’archéologie orientale, 1950, Bibliothèque d’étude / Institut français d’archéologie orientale; 18th.
- : Memphis, Herakleopolis, Thebes: The Epigraphic Evidence of the 7th - 11th Dynasty of Egypt. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1965, Egyptological treatises; 12th, Pp. 45–57, §§ 37 f. Translation of the Anchtifi biography.
Individual evidence
- ↑For correct vocalization see also: : al-Qāmūs al-ǧuġrāfī li-’l-bilād al-miṣrīya min ʿahd qudamāʾ al-miṣrīyīn ilā sanat 1945; Vol. 2, Book 4: Mudīrīyāt Asyūṭ wa-Ǧirḥā wa-Qinā wa-Aswān wa-maṣlaḥat al-ḥudūd. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣrīya, 1963, P. 158 (page numbers above).
- ↑: Yeast. In:Helck, Wolfgang; Westendorf, Wolfhart (Ed.): Lexicon of Egyptology; Vol. 2: Harvest Festival - Hordjedef. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1977, ISBN 978-3-447-01876-0 , Col. 1080 f.
