Muchocin - village of the village administrator in Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship, in you will say Międzychodzki, in Międzychód commune.
Information
Geographic coordinates: 52 ° 36′10.8 ″ N, 15 ° 50′42.9 ″ E
In the years 1975-1998, the town administratively belonged to the then Gorzów Province and is located on the Dormowska Struga River, near the left bank Worth it, 3.5 km west of Międzychód. The village council also includes Muchocinek and the former Nadolnik mill.
The village has 370 inhabitants.
History
The first traces of settlement in this area date back to the Palaeolithic (Old Stone Age), where the flint tools come from. An ax from the Corded Ware culture was found near the village. In the nearby lake Tuczno, a boat was found - a dugout made of one trunk.
In the 14th century, the village was owned by the Cistercians from Bledzew. The contemporary history of the village begins with a document from December 18, 1378, according to which Mikołaj of Bytyń, the coat of arms of Łodzia, the last known castellan of Starogród, mentioned for the first time, came into possession of the village through the exchange. In exchange for Mychoczino and Radgoszcz, he gave the village of Rokitno to the Cistercians from Zemsko (Bledzewo). In an unknown time, the village passed into the hands of the Grzymalites. In 1418 the village was owned by Jan Międzychodzki, and until the mid-17th century the village was part of the Międzychód estate. In the years 1432-1592 the village was mentioned many times as an ideal co-ownership of Skórów z Gaj and Ostrorogi. In 1597, it was purchased by Krzysztof Unrug (died in 1620), along with other estates in Międzychód. In 1627 his 3 sons shared the inheritance. Muchocin with the mill was given to Baltazar Unrug, who in 1615 married Ewa Brudzewska. His sons made another division of the estate in 1634. Muchocin became a separate field, which Baltazar's granddaughter, Ewa von Unrug, brought as a dowry to her husband Adam von Kalckreuth (1638-1711). It happened around 1660, or - after his return from the Turkish wars, i.e. around 1676, around In 1840, the owner of the property was captain August Leonard von Kalckreuth, who married Miss von Unruh. In 1860, mentioned as a widow, lived in Lipowiec. In the years 1874-1900, Otto von Kalckreuth was mentioned as the heir, in the meantime the landrat of the Międzychód county. His wife was Diana, née Countess von Beust. Their son could have been the captain Wilhelm von Kalckreuth (1873-1915), who died in World War I, to whom a monument was erected in the village. In 1922, and also after 1926, Joachim Kalkreuth was the owner of the property. In 1922, a strike of agricultural workers broke out on the property. The owner retaliated by suspended payments.
After 1945, the property was nationalized and handed over to the State Land Property. Currently, it is a farm belonging to the Agricultural Experimental Station in Gorzyń, an experimental farm, among others in the field of fishery at the Poznań Agricultural University.
Near the road from Międzychód to Muchocin (approx. 2 km from the Międzychód railway station, at the level of the Międzychód sewage treatment plant), a kilometer from the village, a concave, four-sided stronghold with dimensions of 17x19 meters was also discovered by the local population "Zbójecka Góra". On three sides it has well-preserved embankments 4-5 m high. In the German tradition the hill was called Räuberberge ("Zbójecka Góra"), on pre-war Polish maps it was called the Swedish Okop. This name dates back to the time of the Northern War. In 1705, during Charles XII's stay in Międzychód, the Swedes suspected the Poles of a treacherous attack. The Swedish king even ordered to build ramparts on Mühlenbergen (mill hills) and Räuberberge, wanting to shell the city. Pastor Balde dissuaded him from this intention and saved the city. Hence the Swedish Okop, as it was called even before 1945. After the war, in 1996 the hill returned to its name, well-established in literature Zbójecka Góra. This name probably refers to the legendary message about the transformation of the stronghold into the seat of robbers who controlled the traffic on the Warta River, sharing the illegally collected toll with Skóry and Nałęczami, the owners of Muchocin until the 16th century. According to another legend, three beautiful sisters lived here - orphans, about whom the hand was asked by three richly dressed youths. Girls gifted with engagement rings secretly followed the boys into the woods, where it turned out that the fiancés were robbers. The sisters, fleeing from them, jumped to Warta and drowned. From then on, the hill was called Zbójecka Góra, and the steep bank of the river - Dziewiczy Skok. A cross was erected there, under which at noon and midnight a black cat was seen frightening passersby. And whoever falls into the water at this point cannot be saved.
There is a nice view of the river and Międzychód lying in its valley from the fortified settlement, which rises about 20 m above the level of the Warta River flowing downstream.
Economy
In 1563 there was a 2-wheel korzecznik mill here, and one mill also in 1580. In 1591 it was recalled that the miller in Muchocin owed a meszne to the parish priest in Międzychód. This mill must have been of considerable economic importance, since it was specifically mentioned in the division act of 1627. At the end of the 18th century, there were again two water mills, located on the Dormowska Struga. The smaller one, located north of the village, is Nadolnik. The larger one was located in the village itself and had 6 wheels with a turbine. Hence the Großmühle, in Polish called the Great (1846), at the end of the 19th century - Obermühle [= upper]. In the 19th century, it still had 1 building. This mill is still on the map from 1964.
In the 19th century, a lignite mine was operating near the village. In the 1870s, the court dominion covered 3,917 acres (1,000 ha), in 1890 - 1,105 hectares. In 1837, the village had 19 chimneys, in 1885 - 19 houses, 1905 - 18. Little has changed over the next century, because in 1982 the village consisted of only 23 buildings. In 1837, 147 souls were counted here, in 1885 - 225, in 1905 - 194. The population boom did not take place until the 2nd post-war period. Twentieth century, because in 1970 254 people were registered here, in 1978 - 323, and in 1988 - 370. At present (2003) 361 people live here, not counting Muchocinek.
Despite the Protestant religion of the heirs, the village retained its Catholic character. In 1885, Protestants constituted 30.2% of the population, in 1905 - 30.9%. At that time, a group of eight "other Christians" lived here. All 126 (64.9%) Catholics were Poles.
Nature
In the mid-19th century park (3.3 ha) there is a magnificent linden tree with a circumference of 400 cm. On the edge of the farm, a 19th-century manor, renovated in 1985-1988. By the road, in the center of the village, there is a beautiful oak with a circumference of 540 cm. A group of 5 oaks with a circumference of up to 500 cm grows in the former cemetery. 5 lakes are located within the Muchocin commune:
- 1.5 km to the south, in the lake gutter, there is Lake Tuczno (area 50 ha)
- 1.5 km to the west there is Lake Winnogórskie (Winnogóra, area 64 ha, depth 31 m) with a varied shoreline, beautifully surrounded by mixed forests.
- In the direction of the north-west 3 more lakes extend:
- Głębokie (area 8 ha),
- Shallow (Płotkowe, also called Pleśno, area 9 ha),
- Mieszyn (Wielka Machine, area 19 ha; the name is associated with a sawmill that used to exist there).
Tourist routes
The P-34 hiking trail leads to Międzychód and Wierzbno, and the P-30 hiking trail to Gorzycko and Międzychód.
Drive
The nearest railway station is in Międzychód, 3.5 km.
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