Nagorno-Karabakh - Nagorno-Karabakh

Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh (NKR) is a de facto independent republic located in the Nagorno-Karabakh South Caucasus region. It controls most of the territory of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast and several Azerbaijani districts bordering Azerbaijan's border with Armenia to the west and Iran in the south.

overview

History

The predominantly Armenian-populated areas of Nagorno-Karabakh became the site of a dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan when both countries gained independence from the Russian Empire in 1918. After the Soviet Union established control of the area In this area, in 1923 it established the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast within the Azerbaijan Socialist Republic. During the last years of the Soviet Union, the regions re-emerged as a source of dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan, culminating in major ethnic conflict and, ultimately, in the Nagorno-Karabakh War fought 1991- 1994. On December 10, 1991, when the Soviet Union was dissolved, a referendum held in the NKAO and the neighboring Shahumian region resulted in a declaration of independence from Azerbaijan as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. The country remains unrecognized by any UN member state, including Armenia. Only Transnistria, a United Nations recognized this non-state member. Since the 1994 ceasefire, most of Nagorno-Karabakh and some areas of Azerbaijan around it have remained under joint Armenian and Nagorno-Karabakh military control. Representatives of the governments of Armenia and Azerbaijan have since been holding peace talks mediated by the OSCE Minsk Group.

Geography

Nagorno-Karabakh has a total area of ​​4,400 square kilometers and is an enclave completely surrounded by Azerbaijan, the closest point to Armenia being on the Lachin Corridors, about 4 kilometers past. About half of Nagorno-Karabakh. The terrain is more than 950 m above sea level. The border of Nagorno-Karabakh resembles a kidney grain with an indent to the east. It has high ridges along the northern edge and mountainous areas along the west and south. The near-indented part of the kidney beans itself is a relatively flat valley, with two sides of the coffee bean, the provinces of Martakert and Martuni, having flat lands as well. Other flat valleys exist around the Sarsang, Hadrut, and southern reservoirs. The entire area lies at an average elevation of 1,100 meters (3,600 ft) above sea level. The Murovdag mountain borders and the Great Kirs mountain chain at the junction of Shusha Rayon and Hadrut. The modern Nagorno-Karabakh territories form part of the historical region of Karabakh, located between the Kura and Araxes rivers, and the borders of modern Armenia and Azerbaijan. Nagorno-Karabakh within its modern borders was part of the larger area of ​​Upper Karabakh. The area possesses many mineral springs and reserves of zinc, coal, lead, marble, gold and limestone. The major cities of the Stepanakert region, which served as the capital of the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, and Shusha, are partially located in the ruins. Vineyards, orchards and mulberry groves are developed in the valleys.

Politic

Nagorno-Karabakh is a presidential democracy. The powers are based mainly on the president. The appointment of the President and the rejection of the prime minister. The National Assembly of Nagorno-Karabakh is the parliament, and has 33 members, 22 elected to five-year terms in single seat elections and 11 by proportional representation.

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