| Pabianice | |
 Defensive manor in Pabianice. Former administrative center of the Pabianice estate | |
| Arms | |
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| Information | |
| Country | Poland |
| Region | Łódź voivodeship |
| Surface | 32.99 km² |
| Height | 174-203 m above sea level |
| Population | 65 828 |
| Area code | ( 48) 42 |
| Postal Code | 95-200 |
| website | |
Pabianice - city in Poland, in the center of the Lodz voivodeship, in Pabianice district, the seat of the district, lies on the river Dobrzynka, to Neru flowing at the border with By boat.
Characteristic
Geographical location: 51 ° 39′52 ″ N 19 ° 21′20 ″ E
Due to the number of inhabitants, they are the third (after Łódź and Piotrków Trybunalski) a city in the Łódź voivodeship and 59th in Poland. Pabianice is situated in Wysoczyzna Łaska, in the Łódź agglomeration. The city is elongated latitudinally.
The lowest point of the city is located on the Dobrzynka River, at the northern border of Pabianice, 174 m above sea level. The highest point is located south of the city forest and is 203 m above sea level. Pabianice borders with Łódź and its municipalities Dobroń, Ksawerów, Pabianice and RzgowThe city constitutes 6.70% of the area Pabianice County.
In the years 1975-1998, the city administratively belonged to the Łódź Province. It was granted city rights in the mid-14th century. At that time, a parish was established here. In the 15th century, kings Władysław Jagiełło and Kazimierz Jagiellończyk, as well as chroniclers Jan Długosz and Marcin Kromer visited Pabianice. The political and economic collapse of the First Polish Republic brought the town to the rank of a minor agricultural town.
In the period of the best prosperity of Polish cities, at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, only 1,100 inhabitants lived in the town. However, this was a much better result than the population of nearby Łódź, which had 760 inhabitants and was owned by the bishops of Włocławek. The town at that time had only wooden buildings, located along the old road running from Krakow down Leczyca (it is the present Warszawska Street, formerly known as Piotrkowska Street). As was the case in most small urban centers, the population of Łódź was also mainly involved in farming, although there were also craftsmen. There were also some institutions typical of the city, such as the wooden town hall certified in sources in 1533.
The period of stagnation experienced by Pabianice ended at the beginning of the 19th century after the town became part of The Kingdom of Poland, which was part of the Russian partition. The new authorities allocated the area to the development of the textile and cloth industry in Kalisz-Masovian industrial district. The emergence of industry in Łódź and Pabianice was favored by the existence of governmental lands (after secularization during the Prussian partition after the Second Partition of Poland) and the abundance of forests and rivers. The emerging industry attracted settlers to Pabianice. Initially, mainly residents of the surrounding towns and villages were coming, and after 1825, settlers from outside the Kingdom of Poland began to emerge. Qualified weavers and cloth makers were encouraged to come with free construction plots and tax exemptions. In the years 1823–1824, it was decided to regulate Pabianice, creating the so-called Nowe Miasto, with a separate Market Square (currently there is a department store "Trzy Korony"). Szosowa Street (now Zamkowa) became the main communication artery. So the newcomers settled in the New Town. The population grew. Mainly Germans and Jews invested here. Pabianice has become an important center of the textile industry. The largest industrial plant in the city at that time was the Krusche-Ender textile company. In 1913, it was the fourth largest textile plant in the country. The population of Pabianice grew, e.g. in the second half of the 19th century - eightfold. At the threshold World War I in 1914, the city had a population of 48,000. Pabianice became one of the largest industrial cities in the Kingdom (sixth in terms of the number of workers). In 1901 Pabianice was connected with Łódź by an electric tram with a track gauge like in Łódź of 1000 mm, and in 1902 on the route of the newly opened Warsaw- Kalisz, a railway station was built. During the Nazi occupation, during World War II the city was incorporated into the Warta Country, Poles were persecuted and about 8,000 Pabianice Jews were murdered by the Nazis, first locking them in a ghetto.
Drive
By plane
There is a city airport in Łódź operated by the so-called cheap airlines.
Łódź Airport Władysław Reymont[1] (IATA: LCJ, ICAO: EPLL), tel. 48 42 688 84 14, [2], [3], Lodz city buses 55 and 65 go to the airport.
By rail
Built in 1901–1903 runs through Pabianice Warsaw-Kalisz railway line. Despite the modernization, the railway station building has retained its external shape and internal division of rooms, although some of them have different purposes, e.g. tourist information appeared.
By car
National roads and a provincial road run through Pabianice:
- national road No. 71 relationship Strykow – Zgierz - Pabianice - Rzgow
- provincial road No. 485Belchatow – Wadlew - Pabianice
- expressway S8 Southern bypass of Pabianice
- express road S14 Western bypass of Pabianice
By bus
By ship
Communication
Until 1972, over 20 km long tram line was the only means of public transport. May 1, 1972 MPK Łódź made the first stops and introduced city bus lines 1 and 2, covering new districts. From 1983, new bus lines were built on which Ikarus and Jelcze ran.
In 1992, the bus lines in Pabianice operated by MPK Łódź were taken over by a new company MZK Pabianice, which introduced its tickets, replaced the buses with more modern Jelcze.
Worth seeing
- A Renaissance defensive manor house of the Kraków chapter built in 1566-1571. The so-called "Zamek" is an example of a Polish manor house with defensive features. Set on a square plan with two alcoves on opposite corners, one-story. On the west side there is a 19th-century annex with a round turret. The roof is hidden behind a high Renaissance attic. Inside there are a rococo fireplace, frescoes from the 16th century, and wooden ceiling trusses. In the years 1833-1945 the magistrate was located here, now it houses the Museum of the City of Pabianice.
- The parish church of St. Matthew and St. Lawrence late renaissance, built in the years 1583-1588. Brick, three-nave, basilica with a transept, with a rectangular chancel ended with a semicircular apse and an octagonal tower with a neo-Gothic pyramidal covering. The church is decorated with 6 portals. The portal on the north side is decorated with the coat of arms of the Krakow chapter and the city. As a result of fires, the church was rebuilt several times. The richly decorated baroque interior from the 17th and 18th centuries contains many works of sacred art and memorabilia of the history of the church and the city. Next to the church, there are monuments of the POW and St. Maximilian Kolbe.
- Evangelical Augsburg Church St. Peter and St. Paul was built in the years 1827-1831 in the classical style. It is made of brick, in the shape of a rotunda, covered with a conical roof, with a lantern at the top. In the main altar there is a painting from 1877, "Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane" by Wojciech Gerson. In addition to the so-called Pastoral, or parish house, an example of eclectic architecture.
- Houses of weavers and craftsmen (ul. Zamkowa 17, 19, 21, 23, ul. Św. Jana 20) erected in the years 1833-1836 in the classical style. Brick, multi-storey, facing the street and covered with tiles, constituted the characteristic development of ul. Zamkowa in the nineteenth century. A different style of the so-called The Lusatian one represents the weaver's house at ul. st. John. Storey, wooden, with a half-timbered structure, with arcaded recesses around the walls, with windows in the middle.
- The palace of an industrialist (ul. Zamkowa 5) built in 1883 in an eclectic style by the Ender family. The rich interior fittings have been preserved: stuccoes, ceiling paintings, stoves and paneling. Today it houses the County Office.
- The palace of an industrialist (ul. Zamkowa 26) built in the 1890s in an eclectic style by the Kindler family. Elements of the interior design have been preserved: the staircase, stuccoes, paintings on the ceilings. Currently, it houses the Tax Office.
- European Sculpture Park (ul. Grota Roweckiego 8a) established in 2011 in the vicinity of the golf course. There are currently 18 sculptures by artists from all over the world in the park. There are also temporary exhibitions. In 2012, two sculptural compositions by Magdalena Abakanowicz were exhibited.
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See also
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