Łódź voivodeship - Województwo łódzkie

Łódź Voivodeship
location
Lódzkie in Poland.svg
Flag
POL Łódź Voivodeship 1 flag.svg
Main information
Capital cityŁódź
POL Łódź Voivodeship COA.svg

Łódź voivodeship[1] it is located in the middle Poland.

Characteristic

The capital of the Lodzkie Voivodship is Łódź - the third largest city in Poland.

Geography

The Łódź Province is located on the border of two large geomorphological units: the Central European Lowlands and the Polish Highlands. Thus, the northern part of the voivodeship is dominated by vast and almost flat plains, while the southern part is dominated by hills.

Climate

The climate of the Lodzkie Voivodship is extremely transitory. This transition is related to the interpenetration of the continental and oceanic zones, and the influence of the Baltic Sea, mountains and highlands on the shaping of the climate. Additional factors shaping the local climate are differences in relative and absolute heights, topography, and moisture of the ground. The climate of the voivodeship is characterized by great variability of meteorological elements over time and little differentiation in space. The exception is precipitation, the annual rainfall of which varies from 500 mm in the north-eastern part to 650 mm in the region of Garb Łódzki. This is due to the hypsometric system and the vicinity of the city of Łódź, which is a large source of water vapor condensation nuclei. The lowland nature allows the free flow of air masses. Latter-oriented winds prevail. The average wind speed in Łódź is 3.4 m / s (as of December 31, 2005). The highest doses of solar radiation reach in June (over 19 MJ m-2d-1), and the lowest in December (below 2 MJ m-2d-1). The annual solar radiation balance is positive and ranges from 3.6 MJ m-2d-1 to 3.9 MJ m-2d-1. The south-western part of the voivodeship is the warmest, and the highest areas of the Łódź Upland are the coldest. Average air temperatures range from 7.6 to 8.0 ° C. In Łódź, in the period 1931–2005, the highest average annual temperature was recorded in 2000 (9.6 ° C), and the lowest in 1940 (5.4 ° C). The most variable in terms of temperature are winter periods: from –8.1 ° C to 2.2 ° C, with long-term and severe frosts rarely occur. In 2006, the coldest month was January with an average temperature of –7.3 ° C, while the warmest was July with a temperature of 25 ° C. The period of vegetation related to thermal conditions (temperature above 5 degrees C) in the voivodship lasts 210 days, only in the higher parts of the Przedborska Upland - 205 days (Krysiak 2002). Depending on the weather conditions, the heating period usually starts at the beginning of October and lasts until the end of April. In the Łódź agglomeration, there are phenomena and climate features typical of industrialized and urbanized areas, i.e. urban heat island, short duration of snow cover, air circulation disturbances, fog.

History

Economy

Drive

By plane

There is a city airport in Łódź operated by the so-called cheap airlines:

Łódź Airport Władysław Reymont[2] (IATA: LCJ, ICAO: EPLL), tel. 48 42 688 84 14, [email protected], timetable, coaches: NS, 55, 65

Connections: RyanAir [3]: (DUB) Dublin, (EDI) Edinburgh from 8.11.2008 (SNN) Shannon from 03.11.2008, (NYO) Stockholm (Skavsta), (LPL) Liverpool, (STN) London (EMA) Nottingham East Midlands; Sun d'Or: (TLV) Tel Aviv; JetAir[4]: (CPH) Copenhagen via Bydgoszcz, (BZG) Bydgoszcz, (VIE) Vienna.

Alternative airports

Warsaw airport Frederic Chopin[5] (IATA: WAW, ICAO: EPWA), tel. 48 22 650 42 20 ([email protected])

a lot of connections, approx 120 km from Łódź, good railway connection (about 1.5 hours Warszawa Centralna -> Łódź Fabryczna), about 2.5 - 3 hours by car, depending on the time of day.

Katowice Airport in Pyrzowice[6] (IATA: KTW), timetable, telephones, okay. 175 km from Łódź, approx. 2.5 - 3 hours by car.

Poznań-Ławica Airport[7] (IATA: POS, ICAO: EPPO), information - tel. 48 61 849 23 43, approx. 210 km from Łódź, approx. 3 hours.

Connections [8]: Barcelona Girona (GRO), Bristol (BRS), Copenhagen (CPH), Dublin Airport (DUB), Nottingham East Midlands (EMA), Edinburgh (EDI), Frankfurt (FRA), Glasgow (PIK), Kraków (KRK), Liverpool Airport (LPL), BAA London Gatwick (LGW), London Luton Airport (LTN), BAA London Stansted (STN), Malmo (MMX), Manchester (MAN), Munich (MUC), Oslo Torp (TRF), Paris ( BVA), Rome (CIA), Stockholm Skavsta (NYO), Warsaw (WAW).

Wrocław Copernicus Airport[9] (IATA: WRO), Arrivals, okay. 220 km from Łódź (approx. 3.5 hours by car).

Connections: Warsaw, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main, Munich - LOT / Lufthansa; Dortmund, Doncaster Sheffield, London Luton - Wizz Air; Copenhagen - Cimber Air, SAS; Oslo - Norwegian; Düsseldorf Weeze, Shannon, Barcelona Girona, Bournemouth, Bristol, Dublin, Glasgow Prestwick, Liverpool, London Stansted, Nottingham East Midlands - RyanAir.

Bydgoszcz Airport them. I. J. Paderewski [10] (IATA: BZG, ICAO: EPBY), phone: 48 52 365-46-50, approx. 230 km from Łódź, approx. 3.5 hours by car.

(Data as of 2008/10/10, current online timetables)

By rail

By car

The A1 and A2 motorways, which intersect in Stryków, run through the voivodeship.

By bus

By ship

An administrative division

The Łódź Voivodeship borders six voivodeships: Greater Poland, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Mazowieckie, Świętokrzyskie, Silesian and Opole.

There are the following poviats on its territory:

Administrative division of the Łódź Voivodeship

Town poviats

Land counties

Cities

  • Łódź - a city which received city rights in 1423 and which was a small agricultural town, whose industrial development, which started in 1820, was the largest in the second half of the 19th century, was immortalized in Promised Land Władysław Reymont in 1898, a novel screened in 1974 by Andrzej Wajda. It boasts the longest shopping street in Poland - Piotrkowska, large factories, numerous palaces or factory owners' villas in the styles of Neo-Romanism, Neo-Baroque, Neo-Renaissance, and a dozen or so Art Nouveau buildings. Until World War I, it was a multicultural, multinational city with over half a million inhabitants (Poles, and among factory owners and industrialists - Germans, Jews, Russians, and less numerous representatives of other nationalities, such as Czechs, Austrians, Americans, British and others).
  • Belchatow
  • Błaszki
  • Drzewica (Łódź Voivodeship) - a city on the Drzewica River, with a castle, although ruined for over 200 years, but with an impressive complex and grandeur. Around a park with interesting trees. Old Catholic and Jewish cemetery.
  • Mainly
  • Konstantynów Łódzki
  • Kutno - a county town in the north of the voivodeship. An important communication junction and an industrial center. It is worth seeing, among others town hall, church of St. Wawrzyńca, the museum of the Battle of Bzura, the postal palace, as well as the larch manor house.
  • Lowicz - a poviat town, 25 km north-west from Skierniewice, obtained city rights in 1298, for many centuries it was the seat of the primate. It is worth seeing, among others a gothic parish church from the 15th century, a post-Bernardine monastery from the 15th century, a Renaissance - Baroque collegiate church from the 17th century, Renaissance - Baroque buildings in the old market square, town hall from the 19th century
  • Piotrkow Trybunalski
  • Pabianice
  • Poddębice a district town on the Ner, with a Renaissance palace from 1610, surrounded by a park, with the parish church of st. Catherine of 1610.
  • Radomsko - a city on the southern edge of the voivodeship. City rights since 1266. The capital of furniture making. It is worth seeing the town hall and numerous historic churches and a Tatar cottage in the Stobiecko Miejskie district.
  • Rawa Mazowiecka - a district town, 28 km in the south-east direction. from Skierniewice, obtained city rights in 1374, in the mid-15th century it was the seat of one of the Masovian principalities, incorporated into the Crown in 1462. For the next several centuries, it served as the political and administrative center of southern Mazovia. It is worth seeing, among others ruins of a Gothic castle from the 14th century (castle tower), a church and a former Jesuit college in the baroque style (early 17th century), a baroque church from 1790
  • Rzgow Famous for the largest village of Europe a center for trade in clothing and textiles, Ptak Shopping CenterThe first records of Rzgow are from 1378. At that time, a village was established under German law. In 1476, it obtained city rights, but lost them in 1870, under the Russian partition. On January 1, 2006, he regained them again. Entered in the register of monuments, the only historic building in the register of monuments: parish church of St. Stanislaus Late Renaissance, erected around 1630, brick, single-nave with an octagonal tower, gables decorated with attics. Baroque interior fittings.
  • Sieradz
  • Skierniewice - a city in the north-east the edge of the province. City rights from 1457. Capital of horticultural sciences (Institute of Horticulture). It is worth seeing, among others neo-renaissance town hall, classicist church of St. Jakub, the palace of the archbishops of Gniezno from 1619, a Moorish-style railway station or a steam engine house built in the mid-19th century.
  • Strykow - already mentioned in 1387, it was granted city rights in 1394 by Władysław Jagiełło. In the Middle Ages, the road from Stryków passed through Zgierz down Łowicz connecting Mazovia with Greater Poland and Silesia. It was a small craft and agricultural town, an attempt to create a textile industry here at the end of the 18th and 19th centuries was unsuccessful. In the interwar period, it was mainly a working-class town. There was a spinning mill, a textile factory, a brick factory and a roofing felt factory. After the war, the town maintained a working-class character, and food trade became more important. Near Stryków there is the largest motorway junction in Poland - the junction of the A1 motorway (north - south) and the A2 motorway (east - west). That is why in recent years many logistic centers of large companies, even international ones, have been established here.
  • Szadek
  • Tomaszów Mazowiecki
  • Warta (city) - city and municipal commune in the Sieradz district, on the river Guard, the Jeziorsko reservoir stretches nearby. The city has the Museum of the City and the Warta River. Stanisław Skarżyński was born in Warta - a pilot who on May 8, 1933, alone crossed the Atlantic on the Polish RWD-5bis (he flew in a suit, not a pilot's suit), setting a world record for flight distance. His monument with a bust was erected in Warta, and the museum has a large, permanent exhibition dedicated to his memory.
  • Wieluń
  • Wolbórz A city by expressway No. 8, once the seat of the castellany, now the capital of the commune. The assembly point of the Crown troops before the march to Grunwald. After the loss of municipal rights in 1870, Wolbórz regained them on January 1, 2011. Monuments: the bishop's palace with the palace park; church of St. Nicholas, where Władysław Jagiełło prayed in 1410. There are excellent landscapes for horse riding in the area.
  • Zdunska Wola
  • Zloczew on the Warta River. It was mentioned in chronicles from 1496. For centuries, the owners were the Ruszkowski family. Złoczew owes its urban existence to Andrzej Ruszkowski (1563-1619), the swordfish of Kalisz, who in 1600 brought the oo. Bernardines, erecting a monastic church with a monastery for them. He obtained a location privilege from King Sigismund III Vasa, issued on December 14, 1605 in Krakow. He moved his seat to Złoczew, building a brick manor there in the years 1614-1616, rebuilt in the 18th and 19th centuries into a palace. The town obtained an urban layout with a market square (100 x 60 m), in the middle of which a town hall was erected in 1651.

It is worth seeing the palace with outbuildings and a garden as well as other sacred and secular monuments included in the list of monuments:

  • parish church st. Andrew, 1614-17, 18th century also founded by Andrzej Ruszkowski,
  • Bernardine monastery complex, now Camaldolese monks, 17th-19th century: church of st. Cross, with a monastery, a chapel in the church cemetery, a fence with a gate,
  • Zgierz

Villages

Worth seeing

  • The geometric center of Poland - located in the village Friday in the Łęczyca poviat (approx. 50 km from Łódź, to the north).
  • Castle in the village Resistance, one of the best-preserved gothic castles in Poland. It is situated on an island and surrounded by a moat. It houses the Museum of Stylish Interiors, with furniture, works of art, paintings, dishes, silverware, armor and firearms. The museum is open all days of the week.
  • Głuchów (Skierniewice County) - a village in the Skierniewice poviat, in the Głuchów commune. There is a historic station in Głuchów Rogowska Narrow Gauge Railway. The line connects Głuchów with Rogow and Rawa Mazowiecka and it is run by tourist trains in the season. In the village there is a late-baroque parish church. st. Wenceslas, erected in 1786 with a two-tower façade, a neo-Gothic bell tower from 1821 and a neoclassical presbytery from 1824. Approx. 5 km to the south flows the Rawka river whose bed and valley from the source to the mouth (approx. 97 km long) are protected as Rawka nature reserve.

Nature reserves

Transport

Trip

Tongue

The dialect of Łódź

It is worth a try

Gastronomy

Security

contact

This website uses content from the website: [11] published on Wikitravel; authors: w editing history; Copyright: under license CC-BY-SA 1.0