Inowłódz - Inowłódz

Inowłódz - village in Poland, in voivodeship of Lodz, in you will say Tomaszów, the seat of the commune of Inowłódz, located in the Białobrzeska Valley.

In the years 1975–1998, the town administratively belonged to the Piotrków Voivodeship.

The national road No. 48 runs through the village Tomaszów Mazowiecki – Kozienice – Dęblin – Kock. Intersection with the road to Opoczna (17 km south) and to Królowej Woli – Lubochnia (15 km to the northwest).

Inowłódz is situated in a watershed, narrowed section of the river valley Pilica. There are three distinct terrace levels here. Between Inowłódz and TheophilusOn the left slope of the Pilica valley, Upper Jurassic limestones are visible, which are the western part of the Inowłódz ridge. Closer to the axis of this anticlinal uplift there are central Jurassic calcareous-iron sandstones, containing iron ore, visible in the left slope of the valley near the Romanesque church in Inowłódz. They were exploited here at the beginning of the 19th century and processed in the local ironworks. Iron melting was abandoned during the First World War. There are excellent viewpoints on the upper edges of the valley.

Geographic coordinates: 51 ° 31′37 ″ N 20 ° 13′17 ″ E

History

Currently, a commune village, formerly a town, one of the oldest cities in Poland, the first records of which date back to 1145. The settlement in the place of today's Inowłódz existed in the 10th century. The mention in a document from 1145 shows that there was already a church there (now the branch church of St. Giles), funded by Władysław Herman in 1086. It received city rights in the mid-fourteenth century from King Casimir the Great, who surrounded the city defensive wall, built a parish church within them, and outside the walls in the meadows he erected a castle to defend the northern border of Lesser Poland. In the 16th century, the castle was rebuilt by Queen Bona. The ruins of the castle (west of the market square) can still be seen today. Located on the Pilica floodplain, on a square plan, with traces of a moat and towers at the corners, and archaeological works allowed for partial uncovering of the buried ground floor parts. It served as a border castle - it was situated on the left bank of the Pilica River, as the central town of the region, which was referred to as " the headland of Inowłódz ", between the northwestern Sandomierski and Mazowsze Rawski. As for the territorial affiliation of Inowłódz, mediaists have different opinions. The thesis about belonging to Mazovia seems probable only for the period of changes in the mid-11th century. From the mid-12th century, there was a dependence on the capital of Łęczyca. Until the mid-17th century, the local castle was the residence of the castellany of Inowłódz, and belonged to the group of middle towns. He sent 12 armed men to the Prussian war in 1459. In the mid-15th century, the Inowłódz castellany was established.

Inowłódz developed dynamically until the Swedish Deluge. In 1655, during the Swedish Deluge, the army of hetman Stefan Czarniecki defeated the Swedish army in the battle of Inowłódz. At the end of the 18th century, it was planned to create a poviat, but the Second Partition of Poland prevented the implementation of these plans. In 1793 there were 300 inhabitants (8 of whom were craftsmen) living in 42 houses, there were 40 empty plots and in 1862 there were 1,009 inhabitants in 96 houses, including some brick houses. From the end of the 18th century, a part of the population was employed in burning lime. There was an ironworks here in the 19th century and it was a royal town until the partitions of Poland. It lost its civic rights in 1870 as a result of the tsarist repressions after the January Uprising. Soon after, in the 19th century, the town started to develop due to the discovery of the healing properties of mineral waters - ferruginous springs, calcium-magnesium springs, mud and the local microclimate. a climatic town that attracted many vacationers. An attempt was made to establish a spa: Bernard Birenzweig built a climatic and forest station here in 1884, which consisted of 6 Swiss-style villas (station buildings preserved to this day) and bathing areas. However, the development was interrupted by World War I. In 1915 the buildings were seriously damaged. During World War II, the forests around Inowłódz witnessed the activities of partisan units, incl. the unit of major "Hubal" - Henryk Dobrzański. The Nazis intended to turn Inowłódz into a fortified defensive point, and for this purpose they built a large number of concrete bunkers. However, the lightning-fast offensive of the Soviet Army proved the unsuitability of these constructions.

In his youth, he spent his summer holidays in Inowłodz-Zakościele Julian Tuwim. In his poetry, he mentions Inowłódz and Pilica. The local school is named after him, built with his participation and equipped at his expense.

Historical monuments

• The most important monument is the Romanesque defensive church st. Giles, situated on the high left bank of the Pilica River, towers over the settlement and the surrounding area. Built at the end of the 11th century (around 1086) and its founder was Władysław Herman. According to the legend, the foundation of the church was a votive offering in connection with the birth of a son - Bolesław the Wrymouth. It is one of the oldest religious buildings in Poland. The building in the Romanesque style, one-nave, made of sandstone, on the plan of an elongated rectangle with a semicircular apse from the east and a round tower from the west. Above the altar there is a valuable crucifix from the 15th century. The church was reconstructed after being destroyed during World War I by raising the walls, both in the nave and in the apse, as well as raising the tower and reconstructing windows of neighbors; inside, the gallery was reconstructed and a ceramic floor was laid on the basis of the preserved relics. Entrance opening in the northern wall, narrow windows closed in a semicircle, with wide projections. There are two arrowslits in the lower tier of the tower, and two tiers of biforia in the upper tier - neighboring windows. The walls are topped under the eaves with an arcaded frieze and a profiled cornice.
  The church, situated on a high slope, offers a beautiful view of the Pilica valley.
• It is also interesting parish church st. Michael in the center of the settlement, by the river. Built in 1520, rebuilt in the 19th century in the neo-Gothic style. From the north, a rectangular portal with a gothic profile. Iron door, with iron, with the Jastrzębiec coat of arms, from the 16th century. Gothic baptismal font from the beginning of the 16th century. In the altar there is a miraculous painting of Our Lady of Sorrows.

• Another noteworthy building is the building of the former synagogue from the 19th century with valuable polychromes.

He has appeared in Polish films and series

Inowłódz and its vicinity served as open-air locations for Polish films and series, including:

• Ashes (1965, directed by Andrzej Wajda),
• Four Tankmen and a Dog (1966–1970, directed by Konrad Nałęcki),
• Mr. Wołodyjowski (1969, directed by Paweł Komorowski),
• How I Unleashed World War II (1969, directed by Tadeusz Chmielewski),
• Doctor Ewa (1970, directed by Henryk Kluba)
• Bolesław Śmiały (1971, directed by Witold Lesiewicz),
• Hubal (1973, dir. Bohdan Poręba),
• The most important day in life - episode 3: Shot (1974, directed by Sylwester Szyszko),
• Epitaph for Barbara Radziwiłłówna (1982, dir. Janusz Majewski),
• Helmets and hoods (1985, directed by Marek Piestrak),
• Famous as Sarajevo (1987, dir. Janusz Kidawa)
• Chancellor (1989, dir. Ryszard Ber).

Where next

Inowłódz area:

• On the left bank of the Pilica river, just below Inowłodz (the road next to the Church of St. Idzi), a village Zakościele. Live folklore (costumes, fabrics, cutouts, tree carvings, songs). On a high slope, among orchards, villas from the end of the 19th century, from the heyday of the health resort in Inowłowo.
• 5 km north of Inowlodz a village and a forester's lodge Clay - one of the two largest pheasant farms in Poland, established in 1959.
• From Inowłódz, exit to the north, the road runs along the steep slope of the Pilica valley, then turns to the east. Between the road and the river and the village of Zakościele, there is a peculiar landscape of former mining excavations, sandstone bars and the traces of World War II - huge post-German bunkers
• In the near distance Legative, Żądłowice reserve and Rzeczyca, as well as pine forests in Pała: up to 30 m high, with straight, smooth, little converging trunks, trees almost 250 years old. Pines, a bison statue and a collection of hunting trophies in one of the holiday homes are the tourist attractions of Spała.
• Reserve "Spała" it is situated on both sides of Pilica, 1 km east of Spała. Established in 1958, it covers an area of ​​57.5 ha. The natural deciduous forest with an admixture of pine and fir on the north-eastern border of this species' range is under protection. The main plant complex of the reserve is the high-ground hornbeam forest: a deciduous forest with a complex multi-storey structure. The upper level of the stand consists of 200 - 250-year-old oaks with an admixture of pine and fir, in the lower level of trees hornbeams dominate, accompanied by oak, maple, sycamore, small-leaved lime, spruce and fir. Dense undergrowth and lush undergrowth contain rare plant species, e.g. daffodil daffodil, Zubrowka fragrant grass, red brush and other. The pride of the reserve are oak refuges with a circumference of 3 - 4 m, oaks of similar size can be found in Spała, on the edge of the forest on the Gać River.

Tomaszów Mazowiecki

• "Blue Springs" an inanimate and animated nature reserve located on the right bank of the Pilica River, opposite the Brzustówka suburb. Created in 1961, it was treated as a reserve already in the interwar period. Area of ​​29 ha, including 6 ha of waters, a very interesting spring, a beautiful karst spring. The spring water is very clean, therefore at the bottom, 2.5 m below the water surface, you can see a perfectly pulsating sandy bottom. The light rays reflected from the white bottom make the sources visible as spots of a very vivid blue color of various shades, depending on the weather - this is the reason for the fame of "Blue Springs".
  In addition, the water has a constant temperature of about 9 degrees Celsius, regardless of the season, so even in the coldest winters, the springs do not freeze.

GUIDES

Leon Łomiński: Inowłódz and Spała: a historical sketch, Lublin 1925

Konrad Rybicki: Treasures of nature and culture of the Spała Landscape Park, Oficyna Wydawnicza, Łódź 2003, ISBN 83-902272-3-1

Bohdan Olszewski: Evenings on the Pilica River: historical impressions, Wydawnictwo Literatura, Łódź 2009, ISBN 9788376720845

Krystyna Ratajska: Julek: journeys to the lands of Julian Tuwim's imagination, Księży Młyn Publishing House, Łódź 2013, ISBN 9788377290989

Andrzej Kobalczyk: With vacationers at the Pilica river: Inowłódz ........, Księży Młyn Publishing House, Łódź 2017, ISBN 9788377293737