South Sudan - Sudan Południowy

South Sudan – African state with the capital w Juba, created on July 9, 2011 as a result of separation from Sudan, under the agreement of the Sudanese government with the Sudanese People's Liberation Army, which ended the Second Sudan Civil War - Africa's longest civil war.

Characteristic

Geography

South Sudan is situated in the eastern part of Africa, between 3 and 13 ° N latitude and 24 and 36 ° E longitude. It borders with Sudan from midnight Central African Republic from the west, Democratic republic of Kongo, Uganda and Kenya from the south and Ethiopia from the east. The country is covered with tropical forests, wetlands and savannas. The Nile crosses the country from south to north, flowing through the capital of the state, Juba (in South Sudan from the border with Uganda it is called the Mountain Nile, and from the Sudd marshes it is called the White Nile).

fauna and Flora

South Sudan is the second largest area in the world inhabited by migrating fauna species. Research has shown that in the Boma National Park on the border with Ethiopia, as well as in the Al-Sudud marshes and the grassy areas of the Southern National Park near the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo, there are large herds of animals such as cow buffalo, yellow mare, drown, buffalo African elephant, African elephant, giraffe and lion. The local forests provide protection for species such as bongo, forest pig, river pig, African forest elephant, chimpanzee and numerous monkeys. The censuses regularly conducted by the WCS in cooperation with the South Sudanese government since 2005 confirm the existence of a significant, albeit slowly declining, fauna population, noting with astonishment that the 1.3 million antelope herds in the southeast of the country remain intact.

The terrains inhabited by so many animals are steppes, high plateaus with steep slopes, wooded and grassy savannas, floodplains by the Nile and swamps. There are endemic species, such as the white-eared and Nile cob, which coexist with elephants, giraffes, elands, Derby antelopes, oryxes, lions, lycaons, cape buffaloes and drowns (locally called tianas). Little is known today about the white-eared cob and thian population, which were some of the largest migrations before the civil war.

In 2006, the South Sudanese president announced that the authorities would do their best to protect and disseminate knowledge about the region's flora and fauna and that they would do whatever was within their power to reduce the effects of fires, illegal waste disposal and contamination of running and groundwater. As in all developing countries, the environment is threatened by economic development and industrialization.

Climate

South Sudan lies in the zone of dry and humid equatorial climate. According to the Earth climate classification system developed by the German climatologist Wladimir Köppen, almost the entire area of ​​the country is covered by the tropical climate zone of the savannas (Aw), only in the northern part of the country there is a dry warm steppe climate (BSh), and at the northern end also a warm desert climate (BWh). Most rainfall occurs in summer. The average annual temperature varies between 27 and 28 ° C.

History

Culture and art

Policy

The highest legislation in force in South Sudan is the Provisional National Constitution of Sudan and the Provisional National Constitution of South Sudan of 2005. South Sudan is headed by the president, who is also the head of state, the head of the government and the supreme commander of the Sudan People's Liberation Army. John Garang was the first SPLA commander and president until his death on July 30, 2005, he was succeeded by Salva Kiir Mayardit and holds this office to this day. After independence, the vice-presidents of the republic were, in turn, Riek Machar, James Wani Igga, Riek Machar and Taban Deng Gai. Legislative initiative is in the hands of the government and a unicameral parliament. The constitution guarantees the independence of the judiciary and provides for the existence of the Supreme Court.

Economy

South Sudan's economy is dependent on oil production. The country produces almost 500 thousand. barrels a day, and as much as 98% of oil exports. its GDP. Most of the oil goes to the Chinese market. Currently, there are plans to build a refinery on the territory of the country, which would enable economic development and allow it to become independent from the industry of North Sudan.

The state economy is also highly dependent on agriculture. It produces, among others, cotton, peanuts, sorghum, sugar cane, bananas and papayas. South Sudan also exports timber to international markets. There are plantations of teak trees here.

Society

Traditions

Preparations

Travel time selection

South Sudan is one of the hottest countries in Africa, even in the cold season the temperature is over 35 degrees C. The dry season lasts from October to March with temperatures reaching 45 degrees C., especially near the border with Sudan.

Due to the rainy season, when many roads are impassable, the best time to travel is the Polish winter - from November to March. In the dry season, they will also have the best chance of seeing animals (they do not hide among the trees then).

Visas

To obtain a visa, you must apply for a visa to the nearest South Sudan Embassy. After submitting your application, you will be granted a visa within the next few days. In the case of sending it, you should take into account the possibility of a longer waiting for a visa. It is advisable to include information about your arrival in South Sudan (duration of stay, copies of hotel and airline tickets, etc.) with your application.

Customs regulations

Currency exchange

The country's currency is the South Sudanese Pound (SSP). The exchange for the local currency is done officially and almost everywhere. If you want to make exchanges, it is best to have US dollars (USD) with you. It may be completely impossible to exchange the euro.

Insurance

Equipment

Phrase book

Drive

By plane

By rail

By car

By bus

By ship

Border crossings

An administrative division

On January 14, 2017, the President of South Sudan, Salva Kiir, issued a decree increasing the number of states from 28 to 32, while some states were renamed.

The 32 states of South Sudan are:

1. Akobo
2. Amadi
3. Aweil
4. Aweil East
5. Bieh
6. Because he has
7. Central Upper Nile
8. Eastern Lake
9. Fangak
10. Fashoda
11. Gbudwe
12. Gogrial
13. Gok
14. Imatong
15. Jonglei
16. Jubek
17. Capoet
18. Latjor
19. Lol
20. Maiwut
21. Maridi
22. Northern Liech
23. Northern Upper Nile
24. Ruweng
25. Southern Liech
26. Tambour
27. Terekeka
28. Tonj
29. Twic
30. Wau
31. Western Lake
32. Yei River

Cities

According to official data from 2008, South Sudan had over 30 cities with a population of over 1,000. residents. The capital of the country, Juba and 4 more cities, had over 100,000. residents; 2 cities with a population of 50,000 ÷ 100,000; 4 cities with a population of 25,000 ÷ 50,000 and the rest of the cities below 25,000 residents.

• Juba
• Malacal
• Rumbek
• Wau
• Yei

Interesting places

• Juba (Bridge over the Nile, Juba Stadium, John Garang Square, All Saints Cathedral)
• Wau (Catholic Cathedral of St. Mary)
• Mount Kinyeti
• Mount Jebel Kujhur
• Marshes of As-Sudd
• South National Park
• Boma National Park

Transport

Road transport

There are less than 100 km of asphalt roads in the country. There is currently a 192 km section of road under construction between Juba and Nimule, which runs from the capital of South Sudan to the border with Uganda. Construction is financed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

Railway transport

In South Sudan, there is a 248 km stretch of narrow gauge railroads. The route leads from the city of Babanosa in northern Sudan, through the city of Uwail, to the terminus in Wau. The country's capital has no rail connections. There are proposals to connect Juba with the railways in Kenya and Uganda and with the city of Wau.

Air Transport

South Sudan's main airport is Juba. The airport has regular passenger connections to Nairobi (Kenya), Entebbe (Uganda), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Cairo (Egypt) and Khartoum (Sudan). The local airlines are based at the airport. In addition to Juba in South Sudan, there are regular passenger connections from Malakal, Wau and Rumbek. In addition, there are many unpaved airports in the country, the largest of which are Nimule and Akobo.

Trip

Tongue

Shopping

Gastronomy

Accommodation

Science

work

Security

In the larger cities in Sudan controlled by the Khartoum government, the crime rate is low, mostly due to high immediate penalties, including for theft and robbery. However, very large areas of Sudan are beyond the strict control of the central government - there are gangs of thieves there. The most dangerous area in Sudan is currently the civil war province of Darfur in the northwest of Sudan.

Health

contact

Telephone

Internet

post

Tourist information

Diplomatic representations

No Polish diplomatic mission. The state falls under the territorial competence of the Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Addis Adeba.

There is no South Sudan embassy in Poland. In Europe, diplomatic missions are located in Berlin, Brussels, London, Paris, Oslo, Geneva and Moscow.