bad weatherIt is a general term for any dangerous weather phenomenon that may cause damage, serious social damage or loss of life. Severe weather can occur anywhere in the world, and there are different types of weather, depending on geography, topography and atmospheric conditions. High winds, hail, excessive precipitation and wildfires, as well as thunderstorms, tornadoes, water tornadoes and tornadoes are all forms and effects of severe weather. Regional and seasonal severe weather phenomena include snowstorms, blizzards, ice storms and sandstorms.
Travelers are strongly advised to pay attention to any risks of severe weather affecting their area, as they may affect any travel plans. Attractions may be closed, traffic may be obstructed, and even your life may be in danger!
General precautions
For travelers, the best advice is firstResearch the climate of your destination, If the risk of any severe weather is the norm during your trip, it is recommended that you be prepared for the unpredictability of the weather. The weather forecast in your travel plan can only be displayed two weeks before the trip at the earliest, and it will only become more accurate when the weather gets closer, so you should plan ahead while maintaining flexibility, especially during Where to go and what clothes to wear.
As the weather may change on a daily or even hourly basis, you can use the local TV, radio or mobile APP before or during the tripCheck the weather forecast for the destination, To understand the weather threats that the destination is about to face. Although TV weather forecasts can be broadcast in different languages, their weather symbols (those that indicate, for example, sunny, rainy, or partly cloudy weather) are usually understandable. There are also some radio stations that only transmit weather forecasts. Canada and the United States reserve 7 frequencies (162.4 to 162.55 MHz, 0.025 MHz) for weather radio, and marine VHF radio also reserves one for marine weather. Channel.
Other countries in the world use Celsius and millimeters respectively as their temperature and precipitation intensity, whileAmericaUse degrees Fahrenheit and inches. For a rough conversion of the temperature between the two measurement systems, see the figure above. An inch of precipitation is equal to 25 millimeters (2.5 cm) of liquid, and a higher amount means more rainfall and severe weather may occur. Many weather forecasts also use the overly complex unit "liters per square meter". They seem to think that this unit sounds more intuitive than "millimeters", but the two units are exactly the same. The former is just a circuitous expression of the latter. Marine and aviation forecasts may use nautical miles per hour (nautical miles) and will report conditions (such as rough seas) to suit their specific target audience.
| ←Severe cold | freezing | cold | cool | mild | warmth | Hot | Sultry | Cooked→ | ||||||||||
| °C | -40 | -18 | -10 | -7 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 30 | 32 | 35 | 38 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| °F | -40 | 0 | 14 | 20 | 32 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 65 | 70 | 75 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 100 |
If there is severe weather in the area you wish to travel, it is strongly recommended that you change your travel plan. If there is a blizzard in the ski resort you want to go to, you should go to another resort, or if the weather there is better, you can also go to the beach or the city center. If it is or will happen where you are now, pleaseFollow all orders and warnings of local authorities, Don’t ignore any threats, don’t take risks.
Due to the bad weather, getting in and out of the area will be difficult: roads may be closed, flights or cruise ships may be delayed or even cancelled. The train is sometimes the last thing still in operation, but when the overhead wires are broken by trees and there are no diesel locomotives available, the railway is powerless.Check with your transportation service provider for any alternative arrangements, Compensation or rebooking. Because the weather is always beyond their control, stay calm when interacting with them, and they will get the same complaints as other travelers. Contact anyone you will meet, or the hotel you will be staying in at your destination or where you work, or someone at your point of departure, and tell them your estimated time of arrival and other arrangements.
cyclone
- Main article:cyclone
cyclone, Also known ashurricane(existAmerica)ortyphoon(existAsiawithOceania), is an organized rotating precipitation system, full of destructive wind and heavy rain. Impacts include, but are not limited to: storms, very heavy rains, which may cause widespread floods and mudslides, thunderstorms and high waves. They mainly occur in tropical and subtropical regions, but there are also some extratropical cyclones that occur far from the equator, usually the remnants of tropical cyclones.
Cyclone wind speeds range from tropical storm winds to Category 5 storms. The wind speeds of Category 5 storms are higher than 170 miles per hour (76 meters per second). Generally speaking, hurricanes lose energy once they land, but they can still cause huge damage to coastal areas, and in some cases, to inland areas. Hurricanes form in the ocean and usually move westward until they make landfall.
Thunderstorm
- Main article:Thunderstorm
ThunderstormIt is a storm of lightning and related thunder, but the dangers include heavy rain, strong gusts and possible hail. Although most lightning is emitted from within or between clouds, some lightning does hit the ground, causing extensive effects such as electrical damage, fire, and casualties.
The dangerous things that sometimes happen in thunderstorms arehail. When a solid ball of ice (hail) falls on the ground during a thunderstorm, hail occurs. Although hail is usually not dangerous due to its small size, hail can sometimes reach the size of a golf ball. If they reach this size, they can hit Shattered the windshield of the car and knocked people out. When there is a threat of hail, please put yourself and all items indoors as soon as possible, and do not approach windows or openings in the indoor space.
tornado
- Main article:tornado
In some places, especially in the Great Plains of the United States, you can find it in thunderstormstornado. Tornadoes are extreme winds that rotate in a very small area and blow everything near them inward and upward. Tornadoes usually have no warning, and they are powerful enough to destroy houses.
Tornadoes are easy to spot during the day, but hard to spot at night. However, if you notice a funnel extending downward from dark clouds, or you see objects flying, you are likely to see a tornado. In addition, hail often occurs before tornadoes. If you know the possibility of a tornado is very high, but it is night and you cannot see the tornado, then watch the weather forecast on the TV or radio. Sometimes the siren will warn of a tornado nearby, in this case you need toSeek asylum immediately. The best place indoors is an indoor room (such as a corridor or a basement without windows), as much as possibleThe number of doors and windows is decreasing, As few large pieces of furniture as possible, such as dressers, bookshelves, or bookcases, because these may fall on you. Please note,No room is completely safe, Because tornadoes have the ability to tear the roof, and in some cases can even tear the floor. If you are outdoors, please get indoors as soon as possible and drive to the nearest feasible option if necessary, avoiding trees, loose objects (such as agricultural equipment), bridges/overpasses, and most importantly avoiding the tornado itself. Due to heavy rains during thunderstorms, it is difficult to escape the tornado by driving when the tornado is nearby. If there are debris and objects thrown around, you can get down in the nearest ditch or gully and cover your head with your hands. If you are in a car, park the car, keep sitting, and cover your head under the window All parts.
fog
Surprisingly, in some parts of the world, the fog isDeadliestWeather. These deaths are usually caused by traffic accidents, when visibility is reduced,Traffic accidentBecomes more possible. In the same way, where you have to find your way or observe your steps, such as mountain environments, fog can be fatal. Fog is most common in the early morning before sunrise, although fog is most common elsewhere in the day. When driving a car in fog, slow down. If the fog is very thick, you may need to wait for the fog to dissipate. Sometimes there is fog only in valleys or water bodies, unless you stay alert, you can suddenly reduce visibility when driving downhill.
For ships, mooring in a safe place is the best option, but if this is not possible, you must quickly record your location and track your movements, especially if you don’tGPSin the case of. Remember your fog signal, avoid the route, and choose a safe route in this situation. The GPS does not show other ships, and even radar can only show some of them.
flash flood
- Main article:flash flood
Sometimes, a large amount of rainfall occurs in a short period of time, causing the flood to rise very rapidly. These conditions can be extremely dangerous and are calledFlash flood, Referred toflash flood. Generally speaking, if the weather forecast predicts that there will be very heavy rainfall in the near future, or the flash flood has started, reach the high ground as soon as possible. In addition, avoid camping in narrow canyons when there may be heavy rains or thunderstorms during the year, as these places will soon be flooded.
Heat wave
- Main article:Hot weather
- For places with persistently hot and dry climates, seeSafe in arid areas。
A heat wave is an abnormally high temperature that lasts for several days. They cause discomfort and health risks, even for those who seem to be ready.
Although the general definition of a heat wave is when the temperature reaches or exceeds 27°C (80°F), its impact may vary significantly depending on the humidity. Humidity will affect the temperature that people feel on the skin and the average in a particular place. temperature. People experiencing dry heat may start to feel discomfort at 32°C (90°F), but at the same temperature and 75% humidity, 90°F will feel like 43°C (109°F)!
Avoid strenuous activities outside, especially in the hottest afternoon. Drink plenty of water, because it will cool you down and replace the heat produced by your body. Don't wear any dark clothes, because it will absorb heat and make your body lose fluid faster. It’s a good idea to spend most of the time indoors with a cooling system, or go to the park and sit under a tree to avoid direct sunlight. If you choose to enjoy the sun, apply sunscreen, or it’s best to wear lightweight sports fabrics and sunglasses. Wear a wide-brimmed hat to protect your head.Do not leave children and pets in the car, Because the temperature inside the car will rise faster than the temperature outside, and it will soon become very dangerous. Children and the elderly are especially susceptible to heatstroke, including spasms and heatstroke. You should ask them about their feelings regularly and get emergency treatment immediately after the symptoms appear.
Cold air
- Main article:Cold air
- See:freeze、snow、Winter driving
cold weatherIt is a problem of winter sports, in the winter in temperate regions, when visiting the mountains-even by driving over mountain passes-in the Arctic and Antarctic throughout the year. For residents in these areas, cold weather is part of daily life, and for urban tourists, cold is rarely a threat. Some preparations, such as having enough clothes, will make your visit more comfortable, will allow you to stay outside for a longer time, and may even allow you to enjoy a rather harsh environment. When you are venturing out into the countryside or the wild, or even driving on less busy roads, ignoring basic precautions can mean your life is in danger.
In likeFinlandofLaplandIn such a place, a sunny day of -10°C may instantly change to -25°C (14 to -13°F) at night, which means more clothes are needed. In mountainous areas, even more severe and extreme changes are common. This means you should be aware of possible changes, at least when returning to your base will take a lot of time (if you are returning with someone else, don't expect a taxi). If there is wind, the cold may pass through your clothes, and the wind chill will increase the cold to the point that it feels like -20°C (-5°F) at 10m/s and -10°C (15°F) Same.
At temperatures close to or below freezing, snowfall is usually possible. Snowfall or blowing snow can severely restrict visibility, such as dense fog or worse. Ice and snow can hide dangers, such as cracks in rocks, making the lake look like a field. Although frozen lakes and rivers are usually used for transportation,Thin iceIs a serious risk. Snowfall can also severely hinder positioning. Without any guidance, humans have a natural tendency to walk in circles because their strides are slightly longer. In heavy snow, this may make you completely lost, and you will be surprised to hear how many people died of fatigue or were exposed to places only a few kilometers away from safety.compassIt can help you avoid this situation, just make sure you know the direction of the safe area you will not miss (near the pole, pay attention to the difference between the magnetic pole and the geographic north pole). Maps can certainly provide more flexible options. A GPS may feel better, but be careful not to drain its battery, including operating in particularly humid or cold conditions-so a compass is still a good backup tool.
When driving in a blizzard (especially in a blizzard with extremely low visibility), try to be slower than the marked speed limit, but don't drive too slowly to prevent the vehicles behind you from hitting you. In most places, the road will have some form of marking to follow. In the daytime, use sufficient headlights so that you can see the traffic clearly. In the dark or dusk, fog lights or low beam lights are better, because snow is not what you want to see. Unless it is a last resort, do not pull over and park the car on the shoulder of the road, as it may be hit by other vehicles or snowplows. Instead, you should continue to drive until you find a safer exit, such as a small village. In the vastness of whiteness, the best choice isNot going out at all, But if you are trapped in this situation, the best chance of survival is like a fog.
Air pollution
- Main article:Air pollution
In some big cities,Air pollution,includesmoke, Is an annoying thing, when the air is dry and stagnant, the situation worsens. Visitors with asthma or other diseases may be affected even if they are exposed to mild air pollution. When air pollution becomes severe, it is unhealthy for everyone. If there is severe haze or existing health conditions, it is not wise to travel, if you must, please wearN95 mask. Pay attention to the weather warning, if you want to stay here for a long time, you can consider buying oneair filter。