The Republic Buryatia (Бурятия) has been in the Russian Federation since 2018 far East. It was founded in 1923 and belonged to the federal district Siberia. In the north it borders on the oblast Irkutsk, in the west to the republic Tuva, in the east to the region Transbaikalia and in the south to the Mongolia.
Regions
- West Buryatia:
Okinsky District, Tunkinsky District There are the historical settlements of Tunka, Arshan.
- Northern Buryatia:
North Baikal District, Mui District, Bounty Evenki District, Kurumkan District, Barguzin District There are the historical settlements Barguzin, Ust-Barguzin.
- East Buryatia:
Yeravinsky District, Khorinsky District, Kizhinga DistrictHere is the historical settlement of Chorinsk.
- South Buryatia:
Zakamensky District, Jidinsky District, Kyahtinsky District, Bichursky District, Selenginsky District, Mukhorshibirsky DistrictThere are the historical settlements in Kyakhta, Novoselenginsk.
- Eastern Pribaikal Region:
Pribaikalsky District, Kabansky DistrictThere are the historical settlements of Goryachinsk, Ilyinka, Troitskoe, Kabanskoe, Posolskoe, Babushkin.
- Central Buryatia:
Ivolginsky District, Tarbagatai District, Zaigraevsky District There are the historical settlements of Tarbagatai, New Bryan, Narin-Atsagat.
places
- 1 Ulan-Ude
- is the administrative center of Buryatia, the heart of Russian Asia. - 2 Severobaikalsk
- on the northwestern bank of Lake Baikal at the mouth of the Tyja River (Тыя). With a museum on the history of the Baikal-Amur highway and a picture gallery. - 3 Kjachta - is one of the five historical cities of Buryatia
- 4 Babushkin - is one of the five historical cities of Buryatia
- 5 Gussinoosjorsk - at the northeast end of the Gussinoje lake in the lowland through which the Selenga flows
Ulan-Ude
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Severobaikalsk
Kjachta
Babushkin
Gussinoosjorsk
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Other goals
- The 1 Baikal lake lies between Buryatia and Irkutsk, is the deepest and oldest lake in the world and at the same time the largest freshwater body on the planet.
- The 2 Zabaykalski Transbaikal National Park is the most interesting place on the east bank of Lake Baikal. Here the mountains rise almost one and a half thousand meters above the lake, and if you climb the Swijatoj Nos (Holy Nose) plateau (which not everyone can!), You can see a panorama of rare beauty. The view from the water is no worse. Chivyrkujsky Bay, surrounded by mountains, is rightly considered one of the most picturesque places on the lake, and the famous Baikal seal can be seen on the Ushkan Islands.
- The 3 Tunka valley with its headland runs west of Lake Baikal and flows into the massif of the East Sayan. Here is the Arshan resort, which is popular with residents of the Irkutsk region and Buryatia alike. It is the most agricultural part of the republic as measured by a network of manicured hedges. The meadows are sometimes broken by groves, and above them rise the majestic Tunkinskie Goltsy Mountains. In the west the valley narrows and reaches the mountain Munku-Sardyk - the highest point of the Sayan Mountains.
- The 4 Tugnujskaya valley lies along the Chita section on the way from Ulan-Ude to Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky. It is a very beautiful and absolutely lifeless steppe where you only occasionally come across unsightly villages, rural dazanes (Buddhist monasteries) and large rocks hung with Buddhist ribbons.
Lake Baikal, Swijatoj Nos Island (Holy Nose)
Transbaikal National Park
Tunka valley
- The 5 Selenga estuary and the adjacent Kaban steppe are holiday resorts on the east bank of Lake Baikal, with low banks and warm water. They are also interesting from an architectural point of view, as there was a historical path along the Selenga on which several monasteries were built.
- The 6 Chamar-Daban is a mountain range that borders the Baikal from the south. It is the best place for active recreation by the lake: there are several ski areas, and the path to the "Tscherkyspitze" (2090 m) is one of the easiest and at the same time very beautiful hiking routes. Roads and holiday settlements lead to the lakeshore, in one of them, Tanhoy, the office of the "Baikal Reserve" is located. It is not easy to visit the reserve itself, but the visitor center deserves attention as one of the most modern nature museums in Russia, which also has ecological educational trails that are laid out in the forests and raised bogs on the slopes of Hamar-Daban.
- 6 Arshan - is an important climatic and balneological health resort at the foot of the Eastern Sayan. The Choimorski-Dazan is a Buddhist monastery with a teaching facility.
- 7 Bitschura - is a center of old orthodox culture with a church and a local museum. There are several folklore ensembles and the Bitschurskije jantari folklore festival takes place every year.
- 8 Maximiha - is one of the most beautiful and interesting places on the Baikal coast with the bays Barguzinsky and Civyrkuisky.
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The Church of the Protection of the Blessed Virgin in the Park-Museum "Bright Glade" (Светлая поляна) in Maximiha
background
geography
Buryatia is located in the middle of Asia, on the east bank of Lake Baikal, next to Mongolia. It borders Tjuva to the west, the Irkutsk region to the northwest, and the Transbaikal region to the east. It has a federal border with Mongolia in the south. From Ulan-Ude, the capital of Buryatia, it is 5519 kilometers by train to Moscow, 3500 km to the Pacific Ocean, 130 km to Lake Baikal and 234 km to the border with Mongolia.
Buryatia has many amazing and unique places. Here you can find all the landscapes of Eurasia: mountains, taiga, steppes, tundra, desert and plains. Nature has generously endowed Buryatia with healing resources. There are 303 mineral springs and 55 mineral lakes. The locals call the springs "Arshany", which means "healing water" in the Buryat language. Arshans are revered as holy places.
Buryatia is the highest mountain area in Russia. Not in the sense that there are high mountains, but in the sense that the area is quite high above sea level. For example, Ulan-Ude is at an altitude of 500 to 650 meters.
population
The number of inhabitants of Buryatia, according to the 2010 census, was 963.5 thousand people. The population density is three people per square kilometer. 60 percent of people live in cities. The national composition is as follows: 65 percent Russians, 30 percent Buryats. The native inhabitants of the republic are Buryats, Soyots and Evenks.
In Buryatia, Buddhism, Shamanism, Orthodoxy and Old Believers coexist peacefully with one another.
Buryatia - the center of Russian Buddhism. In the main Buddhist temple of the country - Ivolginsky datsan - is the residence of the head of the Buddhist traditional sangha of Russia Pandito Hambo-Lama Dam Ayusheeva. There is also the largest university in the country "Dashi Choynhorlin", where future clergy learn the basics of Buddhist philosophy, oriental medicine, ethnography, Tibetan, old Mongolian and Buryat languages as well as iconography, the basics of Tantrism and meditation.
language
The main language in which the people of Buryatia communicate is Russian, possibly Buryat. In the remote villages, where the Buryat population is mostly Buryats, one can find people who do not speak Russian. They are mainly preschoolers and older adults.
Knowledge of the English language is very rare among the population. Even in the tourist-oriented service sector, you don't often come across English-speaking staff. But the situation is changing.
The development of tourism has become one of the government's policy priorities. The agencies responsible for tourism encourage hospitality workers to learn foreign languages. Restaurants already have English menus, and in the near future Buryatia's streets and paths will be equipped with the necessary signs and information boards that are understandable for foreign guests.
getting there
By plane
offers flights within Siberia and Russia as well as some important cities in neighboring countries.By train
The Trans-Siberian Railway in the area of the East Siberian Railway (ESPR) and the Baikal Amur Mainline (BAM) cross the republic.
Main stations of Buryatia: Mysowaja in Babuschkin, Ulan-Ude on the Transsib, Severobaikalsk and Taximo on the BAM.
On the East Siberian Railway there is the TS-8 trunk line "Ulan-Ude - Naushki - Ulan-Bator - Beijing" with the major train stations in Zagustay (Gusinoozersk), Jida and Naushki. There is a rail border crossing to Mongolia in Naushiki.
In the street
The federal road M55 "Baikal" runs through the republic and connects the Irkutsk region in the west of the republic and the Transbaikal region in the east.
You can get from Mongolia to Buryatia via the road crossings in Kyakhta City and Mondi Village (Tunka District).
mobility
Tourist Attractions
To the UNESCOWorld heritage belong
- The Baikal lake lies between Buryatia and Irkutsk, is the deepest and oldest lake in the world and at the same time the largest freshwater body on the planet.
- The cultural area and the oral culture of the Semeisky were included by UNESCO in the World Heritage complementary program “Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity”.
Monuments of culture and history
- The 7 Lenin monument in Ulan-Ude. The bronze head of Vladimir Lenin, 13.5 meters high and weighing 12 tons, is installed on a granite cube. The creation of the unique monument is timed to the 100th anniversary (1970) of the leader of the world proletariat. This is the greatest head of Lenin in the world.
- The 8 Ivolginsk ring wall settlement is an archaeological settlement of the Xiongnu culture from the 3rd century BC. Chr.
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- 9 Baga-zarya is one of the most notable places for petroglyphs in southwestern Transbaikalia. When they were discovered in 1948 there were more than 150 rock paintings, today there are no more than 50. Deer, fallow deer, camels, wild boar, fish and entire hunting scenes were depicted in stylized form on rocks and individual granite stones. All drawings were scratched with a chisel. Imprints of all petroglyphs were made in 1948 and more than 80 of them are now kept in the village library.
- 10 Bayan-Under The burial mound was discovered in 1949. Shovel work brought to light a layer of culture with Hunnic ceramics and animal bones. It is a flat, square area, which is fenced in with two rows of earth walls about 1.5 m high.
- Dyrestui Kultuk is an area near the village of Dyrestui that is home to numerous archaeological monuments, including a large burial ground and a Hunnic settlement.
- 11 Ilmovaya pad is the largest complex of Huns' graves from the 2nd to 1st centuries BC It was first explored by Yu in 1896-1897. There are about 320 grave structures, they show that the Huns buried the dead in double wooden coffins. The remains of silk fabrics, mirrors and other Chinese products found here bear witness to the connection between the Huns and ancient China.
- The cemetery of 12 Orgoiton is one of the few Hun cemeteries in Buryatia with princely mounds.
activities
Hiking, skiing, water sports, mountain biking, motorcycling, caving, sailing, mountaineering and climbing
- Camping on Lake Baikal
- Fishing galore
- to pick mushrooms
kitchen
The Baikal kitchen prepares dishes mainly from noble fish species caught in Baikal - omul, sturgeon, grayling and whitefish. The most popular fish in Buryatia is the Baikal omul. It is eaten in fried, boiled, smoked and salted forms. It is particularly valued by connoisseurs and lovers of this product "Omul with a soul", which has a special sharpness due to its specific smell. Also popular are omule caviar and frozen raw fish, which are served on the table as an appetizer.
The most popular fish in Buryatia is the BaikalOmul (Coregonus migratorius, Russian Омуль байкальский) is a salmon fish that lives exclusively in Lake Baikal and in some connected waters. It is eaten in fried, boiled, smoked and salted forms. Most of the time, guests are offered to try omulie, which is cooked on wooden skewers over an open fire. Only freshly caught fish is used. As a rule, this dish is prepared right on the shore of Lake Baikal to the sound of the surf, crackling fire and pleasant communication in friendly company.
Omul by the open fire
smoked omul with side dishes
The basis of Buryat cuisine is milk and meat, and the main advantage is ease of preparation and naturalness.
The guests are usually entertained with sheep. Buryats can cook up to 50 different dishes with a ram. The whole ram is eaten - nothing is thrown away. The most delicious and famous lamb comes from the Borgoy Valley. This meat was also loved by the Romanov Imperial Family. It is historical that the Borgoy lamb stood next to the Baikal omule on the festive table on the occasion of the coronation of Nicholas II.
The most popular dish that can be found on the menu of almost every restaurant are Buuds (бууза). They are balls of minced meat wrapped in thin dough with a hole on the top. The shape looks like a yurt.
Also popular in Buryatia are bulgers (бухлёр, mutton broth), schools (шулэн, meat soup with homemade noodles), black pudding and green tea with milk.
Buuds
double buuds
nightlife
A diverse and lively nightlife, where the atmosphere goes from unbridled fun with inflammatory music and hot dancing until morning, can only be found in one place in Buryatia - its capital, Ulan-Ude. There are many options for nightlife - restaurants, pubs, clubs, cinemas ...
In summer, the nightlife also boils in the popular resorts of Arshan, Enkhaluk, Maximikha.
In the rest of the country, guests admire breathtaking sunsets and a mystically bright starry sky, which makes no less happy.
security
You should prepare for extreme climates, especially in winter you need suitable clothing to protect yourself against the cold. It is helpful, whenever possible, to use local sources of information to be warned of floods, forest fires, etc. There are forbidden areas that you should avoid as much as possible.
The locals are quite peaceful. Buddhism, to which a large part of the population professes, does not play the slightest role. But, as they say, there is a black sheep in every family that can spoil the good overall picture. Unless adventure is part of your tourist itinerary, avoid dating the first person you meet and, more importantly, avoid drinking alcohol with them.
Nature is very pristine and represents a danger for the inexperienced. If you are in the forest, you should watch out for snakes, which usually warm up in the sun on the stones. There aren't many of them, but some could be venomous vipers. The other problem these (and other regions of the Northern Hemisphere) have is ticks. Their bites can be infectious, vaccinations are recommended. As everywhere you find yourself in unspoiled nature, you should also be careful of other game. Although most representatives of the fauna, as practice shows, try to hide from the eyes of the "two-legged animals" as soon as possible. Therefore, one should behave in the forest in such a way that the appearance does not come as a surprise to animals that are frightened and then become aggressive. Ma can speak loudly (not scream!) Or make other noises so that all living beings can voluntarily hide in their holes beforehand. One should never go further from human settlements without the appropriate equipment and on every tour route, destination and intended period the hike or rafting tour.
When bathing in wild mineral springs, there is a simple but important rule, staying in the water should not exceed five minutes, otherwise it will do more harm than good. In addition, the body can cool down after hot baths, so it is better to wrap yourself in warm clothes immediately.
Sometimes tourists get poisoned. To protect yourself from this, you should be careful with unfamiliar food and first ask which ingredients were used to prepare the dish. Also, you shouldn't buy the Baikal omul, which is so popular in Buryatia, without someone who knows, no matter how tempting it may look. Otherwise this carelessness can end in poisoning.
Those who are generally sensible will have only fond memories of a trip to Buryatia.
climate
Buryatia is a sunny republic, the sun shines here up to 300 days a year, which is more than in any other region in Russia and comparable to Central Asia. Here, too, there is the highest purity and transparency of the air, which is also missing in all other regions of Russia.
The climate in the republic is strongly continental, the winters are dry and cold, the summers are short and hot. The average temperature is -22 ° С in winter and 18.5 ° С in summer.
literature
Web links
http://egov-buryatia.ru/ - Official website of Buryatia
