Denmark - Dania

Denmark

location

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Main information
Capital city	Copenhagen
Political system	parliamentary monarchy
Currency	Danish krone (DKK)
Surface	43 094
Population	5 827 463
Tongue	Danish
religion	Lutheranism

Code	45
Internet domain	.dk
Time zone	UTC 1st winter, 2nd summer
Time zone	UTC 1st winter, 2nd summer

Denmark (Danish. Danmark) - country in Northern Europe, bordering on the south with Germanyand through the strait Sound adjacent to Sweden. 5 Denmark 9.22 Full democracy Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, unicameralism

Characteristic

Geography

The surface of Denmark is lowland, with a glacial relief formed in the Pleistocene; the western part of Jutland - plain (outskirts) with a range of coastal dune hills and numerous coastal lakes (the largest: Ringkobing Fjord, Nissum Fjord). There are many lakes in the country.

The northern part of the Jutland Peninsula (Nordjylland Island) is separated by the Limfjorden Strait. East Jutland and the islands have a young glacial relief, the hills of terminal moraines exceed 100 m, and on the highest elevation of Jutland - Yding Skovhoj - 173 m.

The coastline of the eastern, well-developed, western and north-western coasts - above the Djursland peninsula - is even, along the south-eastern coast of Denmark there is a strip of sandy shallows, the so-called watts, flooded twice a day with high tides.

The rivers are short and rich in water, but of no economic importance. The longest - Gudena (158 km). Denmark's soils are mostly barren and require agrotechnical treatments and melioration. Agricultural areas dominate the landscape.

Vegetation

Natural vegetation preserved only in reserves. There are extensive moorland and peat bogs in West Jutland. Peat deposits are exploited for fuel. Forests cover about 11% of Denmark's area, they are mainly secondary - oak or oak-birch, and on the islands - beech. 1/3 of the country's territory was covered by various forms of protection, and 5% of the area. the country are nature reserves; the aim is to increase the use of recycled materials and to make agriculture more green.

Climate

The climate is temperate, warm and maritime. The average temperature in February is from 0 ° C to –1 ° C, in July 15–17 ° C. Annual rainfall from approx. 600 mm in the east to approx. 800 mm in the south-west; Western winds are frequent, and there are few windless days.

History

The Germans lived on the Jutland Peninsula, followed by the Angles, Jutes and Saxons. In the fifth and sixth centuries, Danes came from the south of Scandinavia, who were a tribe of the northern part of the Germanic peoples, later known as the Normans. Country name - Danmark (Danów Forest) comes from the tribal name of the Danes and the vast forest areas found here. In the 9th – 10th centuries, the Danish state was unified and was Christianized. The ancestors of the Danes created a powerful state. They took over the entire Baltic Sea with their influence, they even fought in Latvia. In 1066 they conquered England and formed a common kingdom. Hence the words in Hamlet: "It is bad in the Danish state." Now they are a small country with five million citizens. Denmark ceased to be a land power as a result of wars with Sweden, and it ceased to be a naval power due to the conflict with Napoleon.

Policy

Denmark is a constitutional monarchy - Queen Margaret II is the head of state. Legislative power is exercised by a unicameral parliament called the Folketing (179 MPs) elected for a four-year term.

Denmark is the oldest European monarchy with the continuity of hereditary monarchy. Currently, Queen Margrethe II, daughter of Frederick IX and Queen Ingrid, from the Oldenburg dynasty, Sonderburg-Glücksburg line, is on the Danish throne, married to Prince Henry. The heir to the throne is the queen's elder son, Prince Frederick. Denmark has been a constitutional monarchy since June 5, 1849.

Economy

Denmark is a developed country, mainly industrial and agricultural. Denmark, which bases its industrial production mostly on imported raw materials, is now (thanks to high efficiency and low production costs) an exporter of industrial goods. Denmark is an important world producer of container ships.

Denmark exports machinery and industrial products as well as agri-food products, incl. meat and meat products, dairy products, eggs, fish, materials and chemicals. Denmark's main trading partners are the countries of the European Union, esp. Germany, Sweden, Great Britain, and the United States and Norway.

Industry

Denmark exploits crude oil and natural gas from the rich reserves of the North Sea shelf, as well as lignite, ceramics and building materials. Traditional Danish industries are also well developed: food (especially meat, fish and fruit and vegetable), brewing (Carlsberg, Tuborg), shipbuilding, specializing, among others, in the production of motor ships and container ships, as well as ceramic (mainly on Bornholm) and glass, besides iron and aluminum metallurgy and the paper industry. Danish furniture, clothing and toys (including Lego blocks) are of high quality. The largest industrial centers are large port cities - Copenhagen, Aalborg and Aarhus.

Agriculture

Denmark's agriculture is modern, efficient and mechanized. The cooperative movement is common. Production is threefold and to a large extent, agricultural commodities are exported as a result. Denmark has one of the largest percentages of arable land and orchards in the world - 63% of the country's territory. The crops are: barley, wheat, rye and oats, sugar beets, and potatoes. The breeding of cattle, pigs and poultry is well developed. Sea fishing is of great importance. The largest fishing ports are: Esbjerg, Skagen, Thyboron.

Horticulture production is concentrated around large cities - Funen, Zealand. Forests cover 11% of the country's area, and timber harvesting meets 1/3 of the country's demand.

Transport

The length of the railway lines is 2.7 thousand. km. The length of roads is 72.3 thousand. km. The system of rail and road connections was integrated after the opening of tunnel and bridge connections across the Great Belt (1998) and the Sound to Sweden (2000).

Shipping plays an important role in transport. The carrying capacity of the commercial fleet reaches 9.5 million DWT (2005), mostly bulk carriers, container ships and tankers. The main ports are Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Arhus. Ferry navigation is developed between the islands and Jutland and between Denmark and Sweden, Germany and Norway.

Aviation is of great importance in passenger and cargo transport - Copenhagen is the largest communication junction.

Telecommunication

Denmark has a very well-developed telephone network, there were 2002 - 689 fixed-line telephones per 1000 inhabitants; 5.2 million mobile phones are in use.

Drive

By car

By plane

The main airport is the capital of the country Copenhagen and the airport Kastrup. Larger airports are also located in Aarhus and Aalborg.

By ship

An administrative division

Much of the country (around 70%) is located on the Jutland Peninsula, while the rest is located on 443 islands, of which only 76 are populated. Denmark also includes Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The country's buildings are surprisingly simple and comfortable. Picturesque villages, beautiful, golden farmlands, historic towns, which have been incorporated into modernity without destroying the tradition that has been cultivated for many years.

Administrative divisions of Denmark

Denmark has an administrative division into 5 regions:

Greenland and Faroe Islands are also part of the Kingdom of Denmark under the so-called Rigsfællesskabet. Greenland is the largest island in the world with an area of over 2 million km².

As a curiosity, it is worth adding that Denmark consists of 406 islands, some of which are uninhabited.

Cities

According to official data from January 2017, Denmark had 75 cities with a population of over 10,000. inhabitants (62 largest cities, did not lose their inhabitants in 2012–2017). For comparison, 80 years earlier there were such cities 48: 1 with a population of over 500,000, 1 with a population of 100,000 ÷ 500,000, 3 with a population of 50,000 ÷ 100,000, 7 with a population of 20,000 ÷ 50,000. and 36 with a population of 10-20 thousand.

Copenhagen
Aalborg
Aarhus
Esbjerg
Helsingør
Horsens
Nuuk - the capital and the largest city Greenland
Odense

Interesting places

Objects from the UNESCO World Heritage List

Ilulissat fjord on Greenland
Jelling - burial mounds, runestones and the church
Cathedral of St. Roskilde
Kronborg Castle

Tongue

The official language is Danish. Danish is unlike any other. An interesting fact is that the Danish word "yes" means "thank you" in Polish. Danes also have the magic word "hygge" which means a nice and cozy atmosphere (it is difficult to translate into Polish).

Shopping

Gastronomy

Accommodation

Security

It is a safe country, where great importance is attached to the protection of the natural environment. Danes sort garbage, and about 60 percent. waste is recycled. For several years, instead of power plants, wind farms have been built here (in 2002, the largest wind farm in the world was established in Denmark).