| Haarlem | ||
 | ||
Coat of arms and flag   | ||
| Salutation | City of flowers | |
|---|---|---|
| State | Netherlands | |
| Region | North Holland | |
| Territory | Kennemerland | |
| Altitude | 2 m a.s.l. | |
| Surface | 32.09 km² | |
| Inhabitants | 160.287 (2018) | |
| Prefix tel | 31 023 | |
| POSTAL CODE | 2000-2037, 2063 | |
| Time zone | UTC 1 | |
Position
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| Tourism site | ||
| Institutional website | ||
Haarlem is a city of Netherlands, capital of the province ofNorth Holland.
To know
Geographical notes
Haarlem is in the center of the Kennemerland, an area characterized by tulip fields and long stretches of sandy coasts protected by dunes which constitute nature reserves. The city is bathed by the River Spaarne and is about 20 km from Amsterdam.
Background
Haarlem is first mentioned in a 10th-century document. Later it became the residence of the counts of Holland and in 1245 it was awarded the title of city by William II. At the end of the Middle Ages, Haarlem had become an important center, mainly thanks to its position on the Spaarne river which was a rapid communication route. At that time the city economy revolved mainly around the production of beer, the textile industry and shipyards.
In 1572 Haarlem joined the rebels led by William of Orange against the Habsburgs of Spain. At the end of that year the siege of the city by the Spaniards began under the command of Don Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo. In July 1573 the city practically starved, surrendered to the besiegers. 700 defenders, including their commander, Wigbolt Ripperda were beheaded. Three years later, Haarlem was destroyed by a great fire. The Spaniards left in 1577 and William of Orange returned to Haarlem.
Although the reform had taken hold in Holland, Haarlem remained largely Catholic but in June 1578 the Protestants broke into the great church (Grote Kerke) and in monasteries by sacking them and killing the clergy. Later Protestantism was declared the only permitted religion and Catholics were forced to celebrate their rites in secret.
Later, many Flemings of Protestant faith and Huguenots flocked to Haarlem trying to escape the persecution of the Counter-Reformation in their countries. The painter Frans Hals was the son of Flemish immigrants. The new arrivals were typographers and skilled weavers by trade. The latter opened fabric factories that gave an even greater impetus to the already thriving city economy. By the end of the 17th century, the city's population had grown to 55,000. After 1680, both in Leiden and in Haarlem the textile industry entered a phase of decline and by 1815 the number of inhabitants of Haarlem had fallen to less than 20,000.
A certain recovery began in 1839 thanks to the inauguration of a railway that linked Haarlem to Amsterdam, subsequently extended up to She giveIn the second half of the 19th century, several factories were established in Haarlem, including the Beijnes bus and rail car factories r the Figee machinery factories. To allow urban expansion, the medieval walls were demolished. Nonetheless, Haarlem suffered from a stagnation of its economy in the period between the two world wars and almost all of its industries were dismantled after World War II. From an industrial city, Haarlem has gradually transformed into a city of services and government institutions.
How to orient yourself
Haarlem: full screen map.How to get
On the train
- 1 Haarlem Station. It is the only station of the Netherlands in Art Nouveau style and the Dutch are proud of it. Many filmmakers including Paul Verhoeven and Steven Soderbergh have chosen Haarlem station as the backdrop for some scenes in their films.
- Among the intercity companies that stop in Haarlem, those from Amsterdam Central to Flushing with intermediate stops a She give, The Hague, Delft, Rotterdam is Dordrecht.
How to get around
What see
Civil and military architectures
- 1 Haarlem City Hall (Stadhuis). Overlooking the Grote Markt, it was begun in the 14th century as the residence of the Counts of Holland and then enlarged and completed between 1620 and 1630 by Lieven de Key.
- 2 Amsterdam gate (Amsterdamse Poort). The only remnant of the city walls erected in the fourteenth century.
- 3 Villa Welgelegen (Paviljoen Welgelegen).
- 4 Hoofdwacht.
- Gravestenen Bridge (near the former De Olyphant brewery).
- Hofje
- 5 Proveniershof.
- 6 Hofje van Bakenes.
- 7 Hofje van Oorschot.
- 8 Teylers Hofje.
Religious architectures
- 9 Great Church of San Bavone (Grote of Sint-Bavokerk). Located on the Grote Markt, it is one of the masterpieces of Gothic architecture, according to Brabant models, of the Netherlands. Built between 1370 and 1520, it is also the largest church inHolland and the highest of Netherlands historians today Benelux, with its vaults reaching a height of 43 meters. Gothic building with organ from the 1700s. Imposing Gothic church full of works of art, it houses the sought after Muller organ, played by Handel and Mozart.
- 10 St. Bavo's Cathedral (Kathedrale Basiliek Sint Bavo). The seat of the catholic diocese of Haarlem-Amsterdam. It is a large eclectic building erected in 1895-1930 by Cuypers, who reinterpreted the Romanesque and Gothic styles according to the taste of the time.
- 11 Janskerk.
Museums
- 12 Frans Hals Museum. Art museum in a 17th century building dedicated to the portrait painter Frans Hals and the old Dutch masters.
- 13 Frans Hals Museum - Hal.
- 14 Teylers Museum. Cultural History Museum, since 1784. Exhibitions on art and science, from paintings and prints to fossils and scientific instruments.
- 15 Corrie ten Boom Museum. Former house used as a refuge for Jews. Museum with guided tours of a former house used as a hideout for Jews during World War II.
- 16 Het Dolhuys.
- 17 Museum Haarlem.
- 18 Transport Museum (NZH-Vervoermuseum).
- 19 De Adriaan.
- 20 Archaeological Museum (Archeologisch Museum).
- 21 de Vishal. The ancient fish market (Vishal) serves today as the exhibition space of an association of artists of the same name, accessible free of charge. The building was built in 1769 as a covered fish market which remained in operation until the end of the Second World War.
Parks and gardens
- 22 Artisklas. the smallest zoo in the Netherlands, run exclusively by volunteers with the support of the municipal authorities.
- 23 Kenaupark.
Events and parties
What to do
Shopping
How to have fun
Night clubs
- 1 Patronaat, Zijlsingel 2. One of the most popular live music venues in Haarlem. It consists of two rooms, the largest one can accommodate 950 spectators, the smallest 300. The seats sell out quickly so you have to book. The Patronaat was inaugurated in 1984 by a group of volunteers and has been on the crest of the wave ever since. In 2006 it moved to its current purpose built location. It used to occupy the premises of a 1913 school building.
- 2 [link not working]Uiltje Bar, Zijlstraat 18, ☎ 31 23 844 6227.
Mon-Thu 17: 00-23: 00, Fri-Sat 12: 00-2: 00, Sun 12: 00-22: 00. Bar / brewery.
Mon-Thu 17: 00-23: 00, Fri-Sat 12: 00-2: 00, Sun 12: 00-22: 00. Bar / brewery.Where to eat
Moderate prices
- 1 Eet-Biercafé Brussels, Lange Wijngaardstraat 16, ☎ 31 23 531 4509. Mon-Thu 17: 00–00: 00, Fri-Sat 17: 00–02: 00, Sun 17: 00-00: 00. Renowned among locals for its warm atmosphere and lower prices than its competitors. The menu is extensive and you can choose between 7 types of draft beer and 100 bottled beers. It offers a fixed price menu from starter to dessert.
- 2 La Picoletta, Lange Veerstraat 26, ☎ 31 23 531 8001. Mon-Sun 16: 00-23: 00. Italian pizzeria in the center.
- 3 Novecento restaurant, Gierstraat 66, ☎ 31 23 531 7581. Mon-Sun 17: 00-23: 00. Italian restaurant with a tiny room run by a Dutch couple.
Average prices
- 4 Jopen, Gedempte Voldersgracht 2, ☎ 31 23 533 4114. Mon-Sun 10: 00–01: 00. Coffee bar / brewery converted from a deconsecrated church. It is a highly touristic place so reservations are required. The dishes are able to satisfy demanding palates, generous portions, affordable prices and a truly unique setting. The beer selection is also very large.
- 5 Het Pakhuis, Gravinnesteeg 9, ☎ 31 23 532 2810. Tue-Sun 17: 000–23: 00. Modern French cuisine.
