| Murmansk Муярманск | ||
 | ||
Coat of arms  | ||
| State | Russia | |
|---|---|---|
| Altitude | 50 m a.s.l. | |
| Surface | 154.4 km² | |
| Inhabitants | 301.572 (2016 estimate), 309.362 (2010 census) | |
| Prefix tel | 7 8152 | |
| POSTAL CODE | 183000 | |
| Time zone | UTC 3 | |
Position
| ||
| Institutional website | ||
Murmansk is a city of the Russian Federation, located in the extreme part North Western of the Russia European.
To know
The city is an important naval base; the port remains ice-free all year round thanks to the North Atlantic Ocean current.Murmansk is the largest city in the world located within the Arctic Circle.
Geographical notes
Murmansk is a city in the far northwestern part of the Russia, sea port on the Gulf of Kola, 32 km from the Barents Sea, on the northern coast of the Kola Peninsula, not far from the Russian border with the Norway and the Finland; is the capital ofOblast 'of the same name.
When to go
Spring (April-May) is a period not suitable for a visit as it coincides with the melting of the ice.
Murmansk has a subarctic climate with long, harsh winters and short, cool summers. In the city, frosts usually occur from October to May. During the winter, temperatures regularly drop below -20 ° C while in July, the hottest month, they are on average 17 ° C. Summer is also the time of year when rainfall is more frequent (little less than 500 mm).
Similarly to other places in the Arctic, Murmansk has been hit by global warming in recent decades and in summer often has values higher than those mentioned above.
the "midnight sun" remains above the Murmansk horizon from 22 May to 23 July (63 days) while the polar night lasts 40 days, from 2 December to 10 January.
Background
Murmansk was the last city of the tsars to be founded. During the First World War the railway was opened up to the stretch of coast where Murmansk stands today. The coast had the prerogative of being free from ice all year round, which allowed the Russians to regularly receive military supplies from their allies. In 1916 a naval base and port was established there, around which a settlement was formed with a rapidly growing population to overtake the nearby cities of Alexandrovsk and Kola.
On 6 July 1916, Murmansk was granted the title of city called Romanov-on-Murman (Ромаίнов-на-Муярмане, Romanov-na-Murmane) in honor of the imperial dynasty then reigning over Russia. The official ceremony took place on 4 October of the same year and the date is now officially considered the founding date of the city. Two months after the revolution of February 1917, the city received its present name.
From 1918 to 1920, during the Russian Civil War the city was occupied by the Western powers that had been allied during the First World War and by the White Army.
During the Second World War, Murmansk again fulfilled the function of port where aid from the allies flowed and for this it was heavily bombed by the Germans who in 1941 launched an offensive as part of the Silver Fox operation. However, Soviet resistance and difficult weather conditions made the operation fail. Murmansk however suffered heavy destruction. At the end of the war only about fifteen houses remained standing.
During the Cold War Murmansk was an undersea research center and a naval base for submarines and icebreakers, including atomic propulsion. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the nearby city and naval base of Severomorsk continued to be the headquarters of the Russian Northern Fleet.
How to orient yourself
Murmansk: full screen map.
How to get
By plane
- 1 Murmansk Airport (IATA: MMK). L'Murmansk airport, daily, has several flights from Moscow is St.Pietroburgo, and other places in Russia such as Sochi is Rostov-on-Don. : There are also several weekly flights to and from Tromsø is Kirkenes in Norway.
- The airport is located 40 km south of Murmansk, near the city of Murmaši. The transfer from the airport to the city center takes 40 minutes.
Occasionally there are ferries from Barentsburg in Svalbard Islands.
On the train
- 2 Murmansk station, Ulitsa Kominterna, 14. Murmansk train station is a 35/40 hour drive from Moscow and 27/30 hours from St.Pietroburgo, it depends on the train. The station is located in the city center, 5 minutes from the Piazza dei 5 corners.
By bus
- 3 Intercity bus station (Автовокзал Мурманска), Ulitsa Kominterna, 16. Murmansk can be reached by bus from Finland (Rovaniemi is Ivalo) from Norway (Kirkenes).
How to get around
What see
- 1 Alyosha statue, Borovaya Ulitsa (On a slope near the Semyonovskaya lake). It is a 30 meter high statue of a soldier looking out over the city. It is customary during wedding celebrations to stop under this statue to sip a bottle of Champagne. To reach the statue just follow the road that curves from the north side of the lake (buses 3 and 10 cross most of the way then you have to continue on foot), or, in optimal weather conditions, hikers can cut through the hills and cross the south side of the lake on the path starting from the Cathedral road on the lake of the lighthouse.
Museums
- 2 Atomic icebreaker Lenin (Атомный ледокол Ленин).
Russians 100 RUB, foreigners 200 RUB. The first nuclear-powered surface ship is at moorings and has been converted into a museum. Guided tours are in Russian only, with some guides able to offer complementary explanations in English. Last tour starting at 4pm.
Russians 100 RUB, foreigners 200 RUB. The first nuclear-powered surface ship is at moorings and has been converted into a museum. Guided tours are in Russian only, with some guides able to offer complementary explanations in English. Last tour starting at 4pm.- 3 Murmansk Regional Museum of Local Traditions (Мурманский областной краеведческий музей), Prospekt Lenina 90, ☎ 7 8152 42 26 17. Admission € 0.64.
Fri-Wed 11: 00-17: 45. Contains various thematic arrangements, includes ethnographies of locals, a taxidermy and display of local flora and fauna (including polar bears and moose), arctic explorations, and an extensive depiction of Murmansk's role during World War II. All representations are in Russian, the cash desks close at 17:00.
Fri-Wed 11: 00-17: 45. Contains various thematic arrangements, includes ethnographies of locals, a taxidermy and display of local flora and fauna (including polar bears and moose), arctic explorations, and an extensive depiction of Murmansk's role during World War II. All representations are in - 4 Murmansk Regional Art Museum (Мурманский областной художественный музей), Ul. Kominterna 13, ☎ 7 8152 45 03 85. Wed-Sat 11: 00-18: 00.
- 5 (Музей истории Мурманского морского пароходства), Ul Volodarskogo 6, ☎ 7 8152 48 13 56. Tue 14: 00-17: 00, Fri 14: 00-17: 00.
- 6 (Военно-морской музей Северного флота), Ulitsa Tortseva, 15, ☎ 7 815 222-14-45. Mon 09: 00-13: 00 and 14: 00-16: 30, Thu-Sun 09: 00-13: 00 and 14: 00-16: 30.
- 7 Arctic Exhibition Museum, Ul. Knipovicha 6, ☎ 7 8152 47 23 97. Mon-Fri 9: 00-16: 00. It can only be visited by appointment; call and ask for Tatiana at least a couple of days in advance.
Events and parties
What to do
Shopping
How to have fun
Shows
- 1 Oceanarium (Океанариум), Ul. Geroev-severomortsev 4 (Semyonovskaya lake), ☎ 7 8152-31-58-84. Trained seals perform in dexterity shows.
