Ḥība - Ḥība

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el-Ḥība · ‏الحيبة‎
GovernorateBeni Suef
Residents
16.209 (2006)
height
38 m
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Ḥība

El-Hiba, also el-Hibe, Arabic:الحيبة‎, al-Ḥība, is a village and an archaeological site in Middle Egypt in the GovernorateBeni Suef on the east side of the Nils. To the north of the village are the remains of an extensive ancient city that has existed since the New Kingdom, its cemetery, a fortress, parts of an enclosure wall and a temple from the time of Sheschonq I and his successor Osorkon I from the 22nd Dynasty ( Libyan period). Archaeologists and Egyptologists should be primarily interested in this archaeological site.

background

location

The village 1 el-Ḥība and the archaeological site is on the east side of the Nile, just on the edge of the fruitland, about 35 kilometers south of Beni Suef and about at the level of the city of el-Faschn, which is on the west bank.

history

The archaeological site represents one of the largest extant ancient Egyptians Settlement areas which was used from at least the 21st dynasty until the Greco-Roman and Coptic times, but was not built over later. Mainly Amun-Re was worshiped as a local god, here on site with the nicknames "big an roar" and "lord of the big rock". The settlement was located approximately in the border area between the areas of influence of the high priests of Amun from Thebes and the ancient Egyptian kings in Tanis.

The earliest finds on the archaeological site are from the New Kingdom. These include surface finds made of ceramic and a lintel discovered in 1890 with the name Thutmose ’I. is labeled.[1]

The ancient Egyptian Surname the settlement is not secured. It could be for one TꜢj.w-ḏꜢjt, "Their wall", variant Teuzoi, which comes from the local curtain wall or fortress, act on the other hand Dehenet Weret, Dhnt Wrt, "Big rock", the name of the local rock plateau. On the other hand, the Greek name is certain Ἀγκυρῶν πόλις, Ankyronpolis, with the meaning "anchorage", as well as the Coptic names Ⲧⲉⲩ ϫ ⲟ, Teudjo, and Ⲧⲟⲩ ϫ ⲟⲓ, Toudjoi.[2]

The archaeological site has been around since the first half of the 19th century known.[3] Most of the excavations took place at the beginning of the 20th century. These are excavations of the Egyptian Egyptologist Ahmed Kamal (1851–1923) and the French Egyptologist Georges Daressy (1864–1938), each in 1901, followed by the British archaeologists Bernard Pyne Grenfell (1869-1926) and Arthur Surridge Hunt (1871–1934) in 1902/1903, the German Egyptologist Hermann Junker (1877–1962) in 1911[4] or. Hermann Ranke (1878–1953) in 1913/1914 as well as the Italian archaeologist Enrico Paribeni (1911–1993) in 1934/1935[5]. The last dig was carried out under the direction of Robert J. Wenke for the American Research Center in Egypt in 1980[6] and since 2001 by a Berkeley University excavation team carried out.

Important finds were papyri from ancient Egyptian Third Intermediate Period, from the 21./22. Dynasty, from the local cemetery, adobe bricks with the names of the king Pinudjem I., his son Men-cheper-Re[7], first prophet of Amun, as well as his wife and daughter of his brother Psusennes I., Es-em-Chebe / Jst-m-Chebyt, blocks with the name Scheschonqs I. from the temple of Amun[8] and coffins from the local cemetery, some of which are now in the Pelizaeus Museum in Hildesheim are located. The most important papyri include the "Wenamun's travelogue"(Papyrus Moscow 120), the"Moscow literary letter"(Papyrus Moscow 127) and the" Onomasticon des Amenope "(Papyrus Moscow 169).

The political situation in Egypt after 2011 resulted in this archaeological site being looted on a large scale. Hundreds of shafts were dug in the area in order to access antiques that could be sold on the international market.[9]

getting there

Site plan of el-Ḥība

In Beni Suef you cross the Nile to get to the east side and after about nine kilometers to the 02 desert highway. After another 40 kilometers or so one branches off 1 28 ° 46 ′ 0 ″ N.30 ° 56 ′ 41 ″ E west to get to el-Ḥība. Cross the village of el-Ḥība to the north and then arrive at the archaeological site,منطقة آثار الحيبةThat extends to the east side of the street.

mobility

The archaeological site can only be explored on foot.

Tourist Attractions

The archaeological site is under the care of the Egyptian Tourist Police. While Egyptians are allowed to visit the area accompanied by the police, foreigners need an official permit from the tourist police in Beni Suef.

  • 1  Amun temple. Between palm trees is the 36 meter long 17 meter wide temple from the 21st dynasty, which consists of a portico with eight columns, a portico with eight columns, a transverse hall and the sanctuary with two chambers on either side. The temple is still in several blocks today. Inscriptions named as builders Scheschonq I. and Osorkon I..(28 ° 47 ′ 7 ″ N.30 ° 55 ′ 16 ″ E)
  • 2  fortress. The roughly square fortress with an edge length of about 65 meters was built in the 21st dynasty.(28 ° 47 ′ 21 ″ N.30 ° 55 ′ 20 ″ E)
  • antique City
  • 3  Enclosing wall(28 ° 47 ′ 20 ″ N.30 ° 55 ′ 15 ″ E)
  • Rock burial necropolis

kitchen

Restaurants can be found in Beni Suef.

accommodation

Accommodation can be found in Beni Suef.

health

There are hospitals and pharmacies in Beni Suef.

trips

The visit of el-Ḥība can be combined with that of the interesting village 4 Deir el-Hadid, Gebel en-Nūr, Sharuna or es-Sirīrīya connect.

literature

  • reference books
    • Graefe, Erhart: el Hibe. In:Helck, Wolfgang; Westendorf, Wolfhart (Ed.): Lexicon of Egyptology; Vol. 2: Harvest Festival - Hordjedef. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1977, ISBN 978-3-447-01876-0 , Col. 1180-1181.
    • Porter, Bertha; Moss, Rosalind L. B.: Lower and Middle Egypt: (Delta and Cairo to Asyûṭ). In:Topographical bibliography of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic texts, statues, reliefs, and paintings; Vol.4. Oxford: Griffith Inst., Ashmolean Museum, 1934, ISBN 978-0-900416-82-8 , P. 124 f; PDF.
  • Papyri
    • Grenfell, Bernard P.; Hunt, Arthur S.: The Hibeh papyri; Pt. 1. London: Egypt Exploration Fund, Graeco-Roman Branch, 1906.
    • Turner, E. G.: The Hibeh papyri; Pt. 2. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1955, Graeco-Roman memoirs: GRM; 32.
    • Habermann, Wolfgang (Ed.): The Baden excavations in Qarâra and el-Hibeh 1913 and 1914: contributions to the history of science and papyrology (P. Heid. X). Heidelberg: winter, 2014, Publications from the Heidelberg papyrus collection; N.F., 14th, ISBN 978-3-8253-6288-1 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑The lintel is now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. See also: Grébaut, E [ugène]: Le Musée Egyptien: Recueil de monuments et de notices sur les fouilles d'Égypte; Vol.1. Le Caire: Impr. De l’Inst. franc. d’archéol. Orient., 1890, P. 26, panel XXIX [above].
  2. ↑Spiegelberg, Wilhelm: Letters of the 21st Dynasty from El-Hibe. In:Journal of Egyptian Language and Antiquity (ZÄS), ISSN0044-216X, Vol.53 (1917), Pp. 1–30, especially pp. 1–5, 7 plates, doi:10.1524 / zaes.1917.53.1.1.
  3. ↑E.g. Wilkinson, John Gardner: Modern Egypt and Thebes: being a description of Egypt; including the information required for travelers in that country; Vol.2. London: Murray, 1843, P. 21 f.
  4. ↑Junker, Hermann: The test excavations in El-Hibeh and near El-Faschn. In:Anzeiger / Academy of Sciences in Vienna, Philosophical-Historical Class (AnzAWW), ISSN0257-4489, Vol.49 (1912), Pp. 98-101.
  5. ↑Paribeni, Enrico: Report preliminare su gli scavi di Hibeh. In:Aegyptus: rivista italiana di egittologia e di papirologia, ISSN0001-9046, Vol.15 (1935), Pp. 385-404.
  6. ↑Wenke, Robert J.: Archeological investigations at El-Hibeh 1980: preliminary report. Malibu: Undena Publications, 1984, American Research Center in Egypt Reports; 9, ISBN 978-0-89003-154-4 .
  7. ↑Kitchen, K [enneth] A.: The third intermediate period in Egypt: (1100 - 650 B.C.). Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1996, ISBN 978-0-85668-298-8 , Pp. 269-271, §§ 226 f.
  8. ↑Moist, Erika: Two reliefs of Scheschonq I from el-Hibeh. In:Studies on ancient Egyptian culture (SAK), ISSN0340-2215, Vol.6 (1978), Pp. 69–77, two plates. — Moist, Erika: Relief Scheschonqs I slaying the enemies from El-Hibe. In:Studies on ancient Egyptian culture (SAK), ISSN0340-2215, Vol.9 (1981), Pp. 105-117, a plate.
  9. ↑See e.g. B. the Facebook group Save El Hibeh Egypt.
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