Russian(Русский язык, rooss key ya zaik) Is a Slavic language spoken by more than 300 million people all over the world. Most live inRussiaPeople speak as their first language; and many people are known to be inCentral Asia、CaucasusandEastern EuropeIn other countries, it is used as a second language. Owned inThe Russian Federation、Belarus、KazakhstanandKyrgyzstanOfficial language status, andAbkhazia、South Ossetia、TransnistriaAnd other unrecognized regions as well.
Among them are countries where significant minority nationalities are native languages and lack Russian as the main official language, such asUkrainewithBaltic States(Russian in school education is compulsory under the Soviet system). In addition to the state, most residents still use it as a second language. Throughout the former Soviet UnionCentral AsiaCountry andCaucasusIn the region, Russian is still the first choice to use, and its effective range is business, government, tourism and the rest, all languages that can be used for communication (despite the lack of official status, it is not necessary to live in the local area).
Secondly, Russian isMongoliaIt is also an important language. It is a compulsory second language in local schools, and is the most widely used foreign language, and Cyrillic is retained on any sign you see. Surprisingly, Russian isIsraelIt also became the third most widespread language due to the large-scale exodus of Jews from Eastern Europe at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century.
Russian is still the most important language in travel to Europe and Asia, because the locals speak much less English than Russian; not only that, since Russia’s rapid economic take-off, Russian is bound to be the most important must-learn language in the world. One of the second foreign languages.
Pronunciation guide
vowel
- а (ah)
English short sound a stretched
- е (yeh)
English short ye=Russian йэ
- ё (yoh)
English short yo=Russian йо
- и (ee)
English ee
- й (ee)
English short tone i
- о (oh)
English long sound o
- у (oo)
English oo pronunciation stretched
- ы (yh)
The position where the vowel и is pronounced in the middle of the tongue is slightly retracted, and the back of the tongue is pulled up at the same time.
- э (eh)
English short ze=Russian зэ
- ю (yoo)
English short yoo=Russian йу
- я (yah)
English short ya=Russian йа
consonant
Hard and soft consonants
The sound parts of soft and hard consonants represented by the same letter are the same, except that the middle of the tongue is pulled up when the soft sound is pronounced, and it sounds like Й. When transcribing the consonant letter, adding the symbol "'" to the consonant indicates that the consonant is a soft consonant.
- Hard consonants: б, в, г, д, з, к, л, м, н, п, р, с, т, ф, х
- Soft consonants: б', в', г', д', з', к', л', м', н', п', р', с', т', ф', х'
- Always hard tone: ш, ж, ц
- Always soft: ч, щ, й
- Consonants are "hard" before the hard vowel or hard note.
- а, о, у, э, ы, ъ
- Consonants are "soft" before vowels or soft notes
- и, е, ё, ю, я, ь
Unvoiced and voiced consonants
Voiced vocal cords must vibrate during pronunciation, while unvoiced sounds do not. The difference between the pronunciation methods of ш and ж can be perceived through the pronunciation of ш and ж.
- Voiceless consonants: п, пˈ, ф, фˈ, т, тˈ, с, сˈ, к, кˈ, ш, х, х, ц, ч, щ
- Voiced consonants: б, бˈ, в, вˈ, д, дˈ, з, зˈ, г, гˈ, ж, л, лˈ, м, мˈ, н, нˈ, р, рˈ, й
- б b
- English short sound b
- в v
- English short tone v
- г g
- English short g
- д d
- English short sound d, actually use short sound j
- ж zh
- English she has sound=Russian жэ, similar to the pronunciation of Hanyu Pinyin r and the phonetic symbol ㄖ (one of the commonly known "Alice tongue").
- з z
- English short z
- й y
- English short y
- к k
- English short sound k
- л l
- English short sound l
- м m
- English short m
- н n
- English short tone n
- п p
- English short p
- р r
- Tremolo, commonly known as "big tongue"
- с s
- English short s
- т t
- English short t
- ф f
- English short f
- х kh
- Similar to the silent h in English, the actual pronunciation is to be pronounced with the root of the tongue against the soft palate. Similar to the pronunciation of the Chinese pinyin h and the phonetic symbol ㄏ, the northern accent of Chinese is common.
- ц ts
- English short sound ts, Japanese つ (tsu), Chinese pinyin z, phonetic symbol ㄗ
- ч ch
- The pronunciation of Chinese pinyin j and the phonetic symbol ㄐ
- ш sh
- There is sound sh in English, which is similar to the pronunciation of Chinese pinyin sh and the phonetic symbol ㄕ (one of the commonly known "cocked tongue sounds").
- щ sh
- The pronunciation of Pinyin x and the phonetic symbol ㄒ
Common diphthongs
symbol
The hard accent (ъ) and soft accent (ь) do not pronounce any sounds themselves, but are used to modify the consonants in front of them.
The hard accent (ъ) generally indicates a hard consonant, and is used inе, ё, ю, яThe front part plays a role of sub-reading, for exampleCъезд(Congress). This symbol has rarely appeared after the spelling reform in 1918, and most of it is used after the prefixes v- ("in") and s- ("out"), for example:
- съёмка (s-yom-kah)-making movies
- Сёмка (syom-kah)-Simon's name
- въезд (v-yezd)-Car door entrance
The soft sound symbol (ь) in a word indicates that the consonant before it is a soft consonant, for exampleмать(Mother); you can also separate the pronunciation, for exampleстатья(Article), the letters around ь should be read separately. The following words can be compared:
- полька (POL'-kah)-a Polish woman
- полка (POL-kah)-cabinet
- уголь (OO-gol')-coal
- угол (OO-gol)-corner
- каньон (ka-NYON)-Canyon
- канон (ka-NON)-Guidelines
stress
Although the pronunciation of Russian can be inferred from the string method to a large extent, the position of the accent in a word is very difficult to predict, and misplacing the accent can lead to misunderstanding. Therefore, almost all Russian textbooks and dictionaries put accent marks ("´") on accented syllables.
grammar
Unless you plan to study the language seriously, it is not common to learn Russian grammar on the go. At least the following usages can be recognized:
- There are three kinds of nouns in Russian: masculine, feminine and neutral.
Odd number | Mode | |
---|---|---|
First person | Я думаю | Мы думаем |
second person | Ты думаешь | Вы думаете |
Third person | Он думает | Они думают |
- Russian andEnglishSimilarly, there are three variations of verbs: original form, past tense, and passive (perfect tense).
- Nouns and adjectivesThere are sixCondition, It depends on their general grammatical role in a sentence:
Condition nominative Accusative possessive grid preposition particle use Subject of sentence Direct object Possessive (of) Indirect object (to/for) Location (at) Particle (by/with) example Город красив Я читал книгу Центр города Я дал ему еду Музей в городе Я шёл с ним translation The city is pretty
this cityIs beautifulI read the book
I readBookCenter of the city
citycenterI gave him food
I gavehefoodA museum in the city
In this city'S museumI walked with him
Me andhego
List of Conversational Terms
Basic terms
Common signs
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Russian names The name of a Russian is composed of "first name (имя), father name (отечество) and last name (фамилия)". For example, Russian President Putin's full Russian name is Владимир Владимирович Путин (Vladimir Putin) , The Russian music master Tchaikovsky’s full Russian name is Пётр Ильич Чайковский (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky), and the Russian famous poetess Akhmetova’s full Russian name is Анна Андреевна Ахматова ( Anna Andreyevna Akhmetova). When the father’s name is put in the child’s full name, the son will add the suffix -ович (-ovich), -евич (-yevich) or -ьич (-yich), and the daughter will add -евна (-yevna),- овна (-ovna) or -ична (-ichna). For example, if the father's name is Пётр (Peter), then the son uses the father's name Петрович (Petrovic) and the daughter uses the father's name Петровна (Petrovna). If you want to use someone’s first name informally, you can use the first name or last name (not commonly used) to address them, while the formal name is the first name, parent name, or last name. For example, President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Президент Владимир Владимирович Путин) is informally Vladimir (if you know him) or Putin; in order to call him more formally, you usually The official name in Russian should be used. You need to call him Vladimir Vladimirovic or President Putin. Male name
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- Hello. (formal)
- Здравствуйте. (ZDRAHST-vooy-tyeh)
- Hello. (Informal)
- Здравствуй. (ZDRAHST-vooy)
- Hi.
- Привет (pree-VYEHT)
- Are you OK?
- как дела? (kak dela?)
- fine thanks.
- Хорошо, спасибо. (Khorosho, spasibo.)
- What is your name?
- Как тебя зовут? (Kak tebya zovut?)
- my name is______.
- Меня зовут ______. (Menya zovut _____.)
- happy to see you.
- Очень приятно. (Ochen' priyatno.)
- Please.
- пожалуйста (pozhaluysta)
- thanks.
- Спасибо. (spuh-SEE-buh )
- You're welcome.
- Не за что. ( NYEH-zuh-shtoh.) (Literally means "nothing", you can also use "Пожалуйста")
- Yes.
- Да. ( dah)
- no.
- Нет. (nyeht)
- Excuse me. (Get attention)
- Извините. (eez-vee-NEET-yeh.)
- excuse me. /Excuse me. (ask for forgiveness)
- Простите. (prah-STEET-yeh.)
- sorry.
- Извините. (eez-vee-NEET-yeh.)
- goodbye.
- До свидания. (duh svee-DAH-nyah.)
- goodbye. (Informal)
- Пока. (pah-KAH)
- I cant speak Russian.
- Я не говорю по-русски. ( yah nee guh-vah-RYOO pah ROO-skee)
- Do you speak Chinese?
- вы говорите по-китайски? ( vy govorite po-kitayski?)
- Does anyone here speak Chinese?
- Кто-нибудь здесь говорит по-китайски? (KTOH-nee-bood' zdyehs guh-vah-REET po-kitayski?)
- Help!
- Помогите! (puh-mah-GEE-tyeh!)
- help me!
- Помоги мне! (puh-mah-GEE mnyeh!)
- Beware!
- Осторожно!! (uhs-tah-ROH-zhnuh!!)
- Good morning.
- Доброе утро. (DOH-bruh-yeh OO-truh)
- good evening.
- Добрый вечер. (DOH-bryh VYEH-chuhr.)
- Good night. (When going to bed)
- Спокойной ночи. (spah-KOY-nuy NOH-chee.)
- I do not understand.
- Я не понимаю. (yah nee puh-nee-MIGH-yoo)
- Where is the toilet?
- Где туалет? (gdyeh too-ah-LYEHT?)
- good
- Хороший (khah-ROH-shee)
- Bad
- Плохой (plah-KHOY)
- Big
- Большой (bahl'-SHOY)
- small
- Маленький (MAH-leen-kee)
- hot
- Горячий (gahr-YAH-chee)
- cold
- Холодный (khah-LOHD-nyh)
- quick
- Быстро (BYH-struh)
- slow
- Медленно (MYEHD-lee-nuh)
- expensive
- Дорогой (duh-rah-GOY)
- cheap
- Дешёвый (dyee-SHYOH-vyh)
- rich
- Богатый (bah-GAH-tyh)
- poverty
- Бедный (BYEHD-nyh)
problem
Emergency number In most areas, the emergency telephone numbers are as follows:
Being able to provide emergency responders with the correct street address is crucial. Depending on the distance, how busy the emergency rescuers are, and how serious the medical emergency is, it may take several minutes to several hours for the ambulance to arrive. |
- Do not bother me.
- Отстань! (aht-STAHN'!)
- Do not touch me!
- Не трогай меня! (nee-TROH-guy mee-NYAH!)
- I am going to the police.
- Я вызову полицию. (yah VYH-zah-voo poh-LEE-tsyh-yoo.)
- police!
- Полиция! (poh-LEE-tsyh-yah!)
- stop! There is a thief!
- Держите вора! (deer-ZHEE-tyeh VOH-rah!)
- I need your help.
- Мне нужна ваша помощь. (mnyeh noozh-NAH VAH-shah POH-muhsh)
- It's an emergency.
- Это срочно. (EH-tuh SROHCH-nuh.)
- I'm lost.
- Я заблудился/заблудилась-(male/female). (yah zah-bloo-DEEL-suh / zah-bloo-DEE-luhs.)
In the example below, the extra post note (а) is for women:
- My bag is lost.
- Я потерял(а) свою сумку. (yah puh-teer-YAHL(-ah) svah-YOOH SOOM-kooh.)
- I lost my wallet.
- Я потерял(а) свой бумажник. (yah puh-teer-YAHL(-ah) svoy boo-MAHZH-neek.)
- I feel uncomfortable.
- Я болен (for men) / Я больна (for women) (yah-BOH-leen (for men) / yah-bahl'-NAH (for women))
- I'm injured.
- Я ранен(а). (yah RAH-neen(-ah).)
- I need a doctor.
- Мне нужен врач. (mnyeh NOO-zhyhn vrahch.)
- Can I borrow your phone?
- Можно от вас позвонить? (MOH-zhnuh aht vahs puhz-vah-NEET'? "')
number
- 1
- Один (ah-DEEN)
- 2
- Два (dvah)
- 3
- Три (tree)
- 4
- Четыре (chee-TYH-ree)
- 5
- пять (pyaht' )
- 6
- шесть (shehst')
- 7
- семь (syeem')
- 8
- восемь (VOH-seem')
- 9
- девять (DYEH-veet')
- 10
- десять (DYEH-suht')
- 11
- одиннадцать (ah-DEEN-nuhd-zuht')
- 12
- двенадцать (dvee-NAHD-zuht')
- 13
- тринадцать (tree-NAHD-zuht')
- 14
- четырнадцать (chee-TYHR-nuhd-zuht')
- 15
- пятнадцать (peet-NAHD-zuht')
- 16
- шестнадцать (shyhst-NAHD-zuht')
- 17
- семнадцать (seem-NAHD-zuht')
- 18
- восемнадцать (vuh-seem-NAHD-zuht')
- 19
- девятнадцать (dee-veet-NAHD-zuht')
- 20
- двадцать (DVAHD-zuht')
- 21
- двадцать один (DVAHD-zuht' ah-DEEN)
- 22
- двадцать два (DVAHD-zuht' dvah)
- 23
- двадцать три (DVAHD-zuht' tree)
- 30
- тридцать (TREED-zuht')
- 40
- сорок (SOH-ruhk)
- 50
- пятьдесят (pee-dee-SYAHT)
- 60
- шестьдесят (shyhs-dee-SYAHT)
- 70
- семьдесят (SYEM'-dee-syet)
- 80
- восемьдесят (VOH-seem-deeh-syet' )
- 90
- девяносто (dee-vee-NOH-stuh)
- 100
- сто (stoh)
- 150
- полтораста (puhl-tuh-RAHS-tuh)
- 200
- двести (DVYEH-stee)
- 300
- триста (TREE-stuh)
- 400
- четыреста (chee-TYHR-ee-stuh)
- 500
- пятьсот(peet-SOHT)
- 1000
- тысяча (TYH-see-chuh)
- 2000
- две тысячи (dvyeh TYH-see-chee)
- 5000
- пять тысяч (pyaht' TYH-seech)
- 1,000,000
- миллион (mee-lee-OHN)
- 1,000,000,000
- миллиард (mee-lee-ART)
- 1,000,000,000,000
- трлн (trln)
- Line/Number_____ (train, subway, bus, etc.)
- номер _____ (NOH-meer)
- half
- половина (puh-lah-VEE-nuh)
- less than
- меньше (MYEHN'-sheh)
- more than
- больше (BOHL'-sheh)
time
- now
- сейчас (say-CHAS)
- Later
- позднее (POZD-nyeh-yeh)
- Before
- раньше (RANY-she)
- Morning/morning
- утро (OOH-truh)
- afternoon
- день (dyehn)
- evening
- вечер (VYEH-chuhr)
- night(Before going to bed)
- ночь (NOCH)
Clock time
- what time is it? (formal)
- Не подскажете, который час? (nyee pahd-SKAH-zhy-tyee kah-TOHR-yh see-CHAHS chahs)
- what time is it? (Informal)
- Который сейчас час? (kah-TOHR-yh see-CHAHS chahs)
- 1 o'clock
- час (CHAS)
- 2:00
- два часа (DVA cha-SA)
- 3 points
- три часа (TREE cha-SA)
- 4 o'clock
- четыре часа (che-TIER-yeh cha-SA)
- 5 o'clock
- пять часов (PYAT cha-SOV)
- 6 o'clock
- шесть часов (SHYEST cha-SOV)
- 7 o'clock
- семь часов (SYEM cha-SOV)
- 8 o'clock
- восемь часов (VOH-syem cha-SOV)
- 9:00
- девять часов (DYE-vyat cha-SOV)
- 10 O'Clock
- десять часов (DYE-syat cha-SOV)
- 11 o'clock
- одинадцать часов (ah-DEE-nad-saht cha-SOV)
- 12 o'clock
- двенадцать часов (dvyeh-NAD-saht cha-SOV)
- noon
- полдень (POHL-dyen)
- midnight
- полночь (POHL-nohch)
- half an hour
- полчаса (pohl-cha-SA)
Notice:Russia usually does not use morning and afternoon. Instead, they roughly divide the whole day as follows:
- Morning/morning
- утро (OOH-truh) (From 5 a.m. to noon)
- afternoon
- день (dyehn’) (Noon to 5 pm)
- evening
- вечер (VYEH-chuhr) (From 5 pm to midnight)
- Night (before bed)
- ночь (nohch) (Midnight to 5 am)
period
- _____Minute
- _____ минута/минуты/минут (mee-NOOT-ah / mee-NOOT-yh / mee-NOOT)
- _____Hour
- _____ час/часа/часов (chahs / chuh-SAH / chuh-SOHF)
- _____sky
- _____ день/дня/дней (dyehn' / dnyah / dnyay)
- _____week
- _____ неделя/неделю/недель (nee-DYEHL-yuh / nee-DYEHL-yee / nee-DYEHL')
- _____moon
- _____ месяц/месяца/месяцев (MYEH-seets / MYEH-seets-ah / MYEH-seets-ohf)
- _____year
- _____ год/года/лет (goht / GOH-duh / lyeht) (Лет also represents "summer")
day
Note: Monday of a week is the first day of the beginning, and Sunday is the last day of the week.
- Nowadays
- сегодня (see-VOHD-nyuh)
- yesterday
- вчера (fcheeh-RAH)
- tomorrow
- завтра (ZAHF-truh)
- This week
- на этой неделе (nah EH-tuy nee-DYEHL-yee)
- Last week
- на прошлой неделе (nah PROSH-luy nee-DYEHL-yee)
- next week
- на следующей неделе (nah SLYED-oo-yoo-shee nee-DYEHL-yeh)
- Sunday
- воскресенье (vuhs-kree-SYEHN'-yuh)
- Monday
- понедельник (puh-nee-DYEHL'-neek)
- Tuesday
- вторник (VTOHR-neek)
- Wednesday
- среда (sree-DAH)
- Thursday
- четверг (cheet-VYEHRK)
- Friday
- пятница (PYAHT-nee-tsuh)
- Saturday
- суббота (soo-BOHT-uh)
moon
- January
- январь (yeen-VAHR)
- February
- февраль (feev-RAHL)
- March
- март (mahrt)
- April
- апрель (ahp-RYEHL)
- May
- май (migh)
- June
- июнь (ee-YOON)
- July
- июль (ee-YOOL)
- August
- август (AHV-goos)
- September
- сентябрь (seen-TYABR)
- October
- октябрь (ahk-TYABR)
- November
- ноябpь (nah-YABR)
- December
- декабрь (dee-KAHBR)
Write time and date
In terms of dates, Russian is the opposite of Chinese, and Russian dates are written asDate.month.yearorDate month year(Date and year are numbers, and month is written in Russian); For example: May 24, 2009, in Russian should be written24.05.2009, Or24 мая 2009 года. The time usually uses a 24-hour system, for example: 5:20 pm should be written in Russian17:20。
colour
- black
- чёрный (CHOHR-nyh)
- White
- белый (BYEH-lyh)
- Ash
- серый (SYEH-ryh)
- Red
- красный (KRAHS-nyh)
- Blue
- синий (SI-niy)
- yellow
- жёлтый (ZHOL-tyh)
- green
- зелёный (zee-LYOH-nyh)
- Orange
- оранжевый (ah-RAHN-zhee-vy)
- purple
- фиолетовый (fee-ah-LYET-uh-vyh)
- Brown
- коричневый (kah-REECH-nee-vyh)
transportation
Passenger car and train
- How much is a ticket to _____?
- Сколько стоит билет в _____? (SKOL'-kuh STOH-eet bee-LYEHT v _____?)
- A ticket to ..., please.
- Один билет в _____, пожалуйста. (ah-DEEN bee-LYEHT v_____ puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh)
- Where does this train/bus go?
- Куда идёт этот поезд/автобус? (koo-DAH ee-DYOHT EH-tuht POH-eest / ahf-TOH-boos?)
- Where is the train/bus to _____?
- Где поезд/автобус до_____? (gdyeh POH-eest / ahf-TOH-boos duh _____)
- Does this train/bus stop at _____?
- Этот поезд/автобус останавливается в _____? (EH-tuht POH-eest / ahf-TOH-boos uhs-tuh-NAHV-lee-vuh-eet-suh v _____?)
- What time does the train/bus to _____ leave?
- Когда отходит поезд/автобус в _____? (kahg-DAH aht-KHOH-deet POH-eest / ahf-TOH-boos v _____?)
- When can this train/bus arrive at _____?
- Во сколько этот поезд/автобус приходит в_____? (vah SKOHL'-kuh EH-tuht POH-eest / ahf-TOH-boos pree-KHOH-deet v _____?)
position
Place name rename Since the fall of the Soviet Union, many cities, streets and other names have changed. Sometimes it is because of the nationalism of the former Soviet Republic, sometimes because the name of the Soviet Union is too weird and ideological, and sometimes because the name "Stalin" no longer has such a good reputation, so there are many cities and streets. And other names are changed back to the historical names of the empire. This may cause problems for tourists, especially when the street name changes, and locals sometimes still use the old Soviet name to refer to. Although it is not possible to list too many place names in this regard, at least some major place names are provided to ensure that visitors understand:
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- How do I get to _____?
- Как добраться до_____? (kahk dah-BRAH-tsuh duh ___?)
- ...train station?
- ...вокзала? (vahg-ZAH-luh)
- ...bus station?
- ...автовокзала? (ahf-tuh-vahg-ZAH-luh)
- ...Airport?
- ...аэропорта? (ah-ehr-ah-POHR-tuh)
- ...city center?
- ...центра? (TSEHN-truh)
- ...Youth Hotel?
- ...молодёжного общежития? (muh-lah-DYOH-zhnuh-vuh ahp-shee-ZHYH-tee-yuh)
- ..._____hostel?
- ...гостиницы ______? (gahs-TEE-nee-tsyh)
- ...Macau/Taiwan/Hong Kong/Singapore/Chinese Embassy/Office?
- ...Аомыньского/Тайваньского/Гонконг/Сингапур/Китайского консульства? (...Aomyn'skogo/Tayvan'skogo/Gonkong/Singapur/Kitayskogo konsul'stva?)
- Where are there more...
- Где есть много... (gdyeh yehst' MNOH-guh)
- ...hostel?
- ...гостиниц? (gahs-TEE-neets?)
- ...Restaurant?
- ...ресторанов? (rees-tah-RAHN-uhf?)
- ...bar?
- ...баров? (BAHR-uhf)
- ...Sightseeing spots?
- ...достопримечательностей? (duhs-tuh-pree-mee-CHAH-teel’-nuhs-tyay)
- Can you show me on the map?
- Пожалуйста Вы можете показать на карте? (puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh vyh MOH-zhyh-tee puh-kuh-ZAHT' nuh KAHR-tyeh)
- Street
- улица (OO-lee-tsuh)
- Turn left.
- Поверните налево. (puh-veer-NEE-tyeh nuh-LYEH-vuh)
- Turn right.
- Поверните направо. (puh-veer-NEE-tyeh nuh-PRAH-vuh)
- Left
- налево (nuh-LYEH-vuh)
- right
- направо (nuh-PRAH-vuh)
- straight
- прямо (PRYAH-muh)
- near_____
- к _____ (k)
- go through_____
- мимо _____ (MEEH-mah)
- Before _____
- перед _____ (PYEH-reet)
- Please note_____.
- Ищите _____. (ee-SHEE-tyeh)
- crossroads
- перекрёсток (pee-ree-KRYOH-stuhk)
- North
- север (SYEH-veer)
- South
- юг (yook)
- East
- восток (vahs-TOHK)
- West
- запад (ZAH-puht)
- Uphill
- вверх (VVYEHR-kh)
- downhill
- вниз (vnees)
taxi
- taxi!
- Такси! (Tahk-SEE!)
- Please take me to _____.
- Довезите меня до _____, пожалуйста. (duh-vee-ZEE-tyeh mee-NYAH duh _____, puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh.)
- How much is it to _____?
- Сколько стоит доехать до ______? (SKOHL'-kuh STOH-eet dah-YEH-khut' duh ____?)
- Please take me there.
- Довезите меня туда, пожалуйста. (duh-vee-ZEE-tyeh meenyah too-DAH, puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh.)
- [Please] Stop this.
- Остановите здесь[, пожалуйста]. (us-tuh-naw-VEE-tyeh zdes[, puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh].)
stay
- Do you have any rooms available?
- У вас есть свободные комнаты? (oo vash YEHST' svah-BOD-nyh-yeh KOHM-nuh-tyh)
- How much is a single/double room?
- Сколько стоит комната на одного человека/двух человек? (SKOHL'-kuh STOH-eet KOM-nuh-tuh nah uhd-nah-VOH chee-lah-VYEH-kuh / dvookh chee-lah-VYEHK)
- The room has...
- В этой комнате есть... (VEH-tuy KOHM-nuh-tyeh yest'...)
- ...The sheets?
- ...простыни? (...PROHS-tee-nee)
- ...To the toilet?
- ...ванная? (...VAHN-nah-yuh)
- ...Phone?
- ...телефон? (...tee-lee-FOHN)
- ...TV?
- ...телевизор? (...tee-lee-VEE-zuhr)
- Can I take a look at the room first?
- Могу я сначала посмотреть комнату? (mah-GOOH yah znuh-CHAH-luh puhs-mah-TRYEHT' KOHM-nah-too)
- Is there a quieter room?
- У вас есть что-нибудь потише? (oo vah yehst' CHTOH-nee-boot' pah-TEE-shyh?)
- ...Bigger...
- ...побольше? (pah-BOHL' -shyh)
- ...Cleaner...
- ...почище? (pah-CHEE-sheh)
- ...cheaper...
- ...подешевле? (puh-dee-SHEHV-lyeh)
- Okay, I want this room.
- Хорошо, я беру. (khah-rah-SHOH yah bee-ROO)
- I stay _____ night.
- Я останусь на _____ ночь (ночи/ночей). (yah ahs-TAH-noos' nah _____ nohch' (NOH-chee/nah-CHYAY)
- Can you recommend another hotel?
- Вы можете предложить другую гостиницу? (vy MOH-zhee-te pred-la-ZHYHT' droo-GOO-yoo gahs-TEE-nee-tsoo)
- Do you have a safe?
- У вас есть сейф? (oo vahs yest' syayf)
- ...A locker?
- ...индивидуальные сейфы? (een-dee-vee-doo-AHL'-nyh-yeh SYAY-fee)
- Does it include breakfast/dinner?
- Завтрак/ужин включен? (ZAHF-truhk / OO-zhyhn fklyoo-CHON)
- What time is breakfast/dinner?
- Во сколько завтрак/ужин? (vuh SKOHL'-kuh ZAH-ftruhk / OO-zhyhn)
- Please clean up the room.
- Уберите в моей комнате, пожалуйста. (oo-bee-REE-tyeh vmah-YAY KOHM-nuh-tyeh, puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh)
- Can you wake me up at _____?
- Не могли бы вы разбудить меня в _____? (nee mah-GLEE byh vyh rahz-boo-DEET' mee-NYAH v _____? )
- I want to check out.
- Дайте счёт. (DIGH-tyeh shyoht)
currency
- ruble
- рубль (rubl') Plural рубли (rubli)
- Goby
- копейка (kopeyka' ) Plural копейки (kopeyki)
- Can MOP/HKD/Renminbi/Singapore Dollar/New Taiwan Dollar be used?
- Вы принимаете патака макао/гонконгский доллары/китайский юань/сингапурский долалары/новый талалары/новый талалалары/новый талавыдьслалкондьславыvyh pree-nee-MAH-ee-tyeh pa-ta-ka ma-kao/GON-kong-skee DOH-luhr-yh/kitay-skee YOO-AN-yh/SIN-GA-pur-skee DOH-luhr- yh/nuh-vyh tay-van-skee DOH-luhr-yh)
- Can USD/EUR/GBP be used?
- Вы принимаете американские доллары/евро/английские фунты? (vyh pree-nee-MAH-ee-tyeh uh-mee-ree-KAHN-skee-yeh DOH-luhr-yh/yev-ro/ahn-GLEE-skee-yeh FOON-tyh)
- Can I use a credit card?
- Вы принимаете кредитные карты? (vyh pree-nee-MAH-ee-tyeh kree-DEET-nyh-yeh KAHR-tyh)
- Can you exchange foreign currency for me?
- Не могли бы вы обменять мне деньги? (nyeh mah-GLEE byh vyh uhb-meen-YAHT' mnyeh DYEHN'-gee)
- Where can I exchange foreign currency?
- Где я могу обменять деньги? (gdyeh yah mah-GOO uhb-meen-YAHT' DYEHN'-gee)
- Can you exchange traveler's checks for me?
- Вы можете обменять мне дорожный чек? (vyh MOH-zhyh-tyeh uhb-meen-YAHT' mnyeh dah-ROHZH-nyh chyehk)
- Where can I redeem traveler’s cheques?
- Где я могу обменять дорожный чек? (gdyeh yah mah-GOO uhb-meen-YAHT' dah-ROHZH-nyh chyehk)
- What's the exchange rate?
- Какой курс обмена? (kah-KOY koors ahb-MYEHN-uh)
- Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)?
- Где здесь банкомат? (gdyeh zdyes' bahn-kuh-MAHT)
Dining
- One-person/two-person table, thank you.
- Столик на одного человека/двух человек, пожалуйста. (STOH-leek nah uhd-nah-VOH chee-lah-VYEH-kah/dvookh chee-lah-VYEHK)
- Can I see the menu?
- Могу я посмотреть меню? (mah-GOO yah puhs-mah-TRYEHT' meen-YOO)
- Can I go into the kitchen and have a look?
- Я могу посмотреть на кухню? (yah mah-GOO puh-smah-TRYEHT' nah KOOKH-nee-yoo)
- Do you have any signature dishes?
- Какое у вас фирменное блюдо? (kah-KOY-yeh oo vahs feer-MYEHN-noy-yeh BLYOO-duh)
- Do you have any local specialties?
- Какое у вас местное фирменное блюдо? (kah-KOY-yeh oo vahs myehst-NOY-yeh feer-MYEHN-noy-yeh BLYOO-duh)
- I am a vegetarian.
- Я вегетарианец/вегетарианка. (yah vee-gee-tuh-ree-YAHN-eets/vee-gee-tuh-ree-YAHN-kah)
- I don't eat pork.
- Я не ем свинину. (yah nee yehm svee-NEEN-oo)
- I don't eat beef.
- Я не ем говядину. (yah nee yehm gahv-YAH-deen-oo)
- I only eat kosher food.
- Я принимаю только кошерную пищу. (yah pree-nee-MAH-yoo TOHL'-kuh kah-SHERH-noo-yoo PEE-shoo.)
- Can you make it lighter? (Require less vegetable oil/butter/lard)
- Сделайте, пожалуйста, поменьше жира. (SDYEH-ligh-tyeh, puh-zhahl-uh-stuh, pah-MYEHN'-shyh zhyh-RAH)
- Fixed price package
- комплексный обед (KOHM-plyehks-nyh ah-BYEHT)
- Order according to the menu
- карта вин (KAHR-tah veen)
- breakfast
- завтрак (ZAHF-truhk)
- Lunch
- обед (ah-BYEHT)
- afternoon tea
- полдник (POHLD-neek)
- dinner
- ужин (OO-zhyhn)
- I want_____.
- Я хочу _____. (yah khah-CHOO) (Use the next first form)
- I want dishes with _____.
- Я хочу блюдо с _____. (yah khah-CHOO BLYOO-duh s _____) (Use the second form)
- Chicken/chicken
- курицу/ой (KOO-reet-soo / KOO-reet-suy)
- beef
- говядину/ой (gahv-YAH-dee-noo / gahv-YAH-dee-nuy)
- fish
- рыбу/ой (RYH-boo / RYH-boy)
- Ham
- свинину/ой (svee-NEE-noo / svee-NEE-nuy)
- sausage
- колбасу/ой (kuhl-bah-SOO / kuhl-bah-SOY)
- cheese
- сыр/ом (syhr / SYH-ruhm)
- egg
- яйца/ами (YIGH-tsah / YIGH-tsah-mee)
- salad
- салат/ом (sah-LAHT / sah-LAHT-ohm)
- (fresh vegetables
- (свежие/ими) овощи/ами ((SVYEH-zhyh-yeh / SVYEH-zhyh-mee) OH-vuh-shee/ uh-vuh-SHAH-mee)
- (fresh fruits
- (свежие/ими) фрукты/ами ((SVYEH-zhyh-yeh / SVYEH-zhyh-mee) FROOK-tyh / FROOK-tuh-mee)
- bread
- хлеб (khlyeb)
- Toast
- тост/ом (tohst / TOHST-uhhm)
- Noodle
- лапша/ой (LAHP-shuh / lahp-SHOY)
- rice
- рис/ом (rees / REE-suhm)
- beans
- фасоль/фасолью (fah-SOHL' / fah-SOHL-yoo)
- Can you give me a glass _____?
- Дайте, пожалуйста, стакан _____? (DIGH-tyeh, puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh, stah-KAHN _____?)
- Can you give me a glass of _____?
- Дайте, пожалуйста, чашку _____? (DIGH-tyeh, puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh, CHAHSH-koo)
- Can you give me a bottle of _____?
- Дайте, пожалуйста, бутылку _____? (DIGH-tyeh, puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh, boo-TYHL-koo)
- coffee
- ...кофе (KOH-feh)
- Tea
- ...чая (CHAH-yuh)
- juice
- ...сока (SOH-kah)
- (Bubbles) water
- ...минеральной воды (mee-nee-RAHL'-nuy vah-DYH)
- (Normal) water
- ...воды (vah-DYH)
- beer
- ...пива (PEE-vuh)
- Red/white wine
- ...красного/белого вина (KRAH-snuh-vuh / BYEH-luh-vuh vee-NAH)
- ...Vodka
- ...водки (VOT-kee)
- Can you give me some _____?
- Дайте, пожалуйста _____. (DIGH-tyeh, puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh)
- Salt
- соль (sol)
- Black pepper
- чёрный перец (CHYOHR-nyh PYEH-reets)
- butter
- масло (MAHS-luh)
- Waiter? (Get the attention of the waiter)
- Официант!/Девушка! (uh-fee-TSAHNT! / DYEH-voosh-kuh!) The former is very polite and gender neutral; the latter is only for waitresses and should not be used in high-end restaurants.
- I'm finished.
- Я наелся/наелась. (yah nah-YEHL-syuh/yah nah-YEH-las' )
- Really delicious.
- Это было великолепно. (EH-tuh BYH-luh vyeh-lee-kah-LYEHP-nuh)
- Please clean up these plates.
- Можете убрать со стола. (MOH-zhyh-tyeh oo-BRAHT' suh stuh-LAH)
- Pay the bill.
- Счёт, пожалуйста. (shyoht, puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh)
bar
- Do you sell alcohol?
- Вы продаёте алкогольные напитки? (VYH pruh-dah-YOH-tyeh ahl-kuh-GOHL'-nyh-yeh nah-PEET-kee?)
- Is there a bar service?
- Здесь есть официант? (zdyehs' yehst' ah-fee-TSANT)
- A glass of beer or two, please.
- Будьте добры, одно пиво/два пива. (BOOT'-tyeh dah-BRYH, ad-noh PEE-vuh / dvah PEE-vah)
- Please have a glass of red/white wine.
- Будьте добры, бокал красного/белого вина. (BOOT'-tyeh dah-BRYH, bah-KAHL KRAHZ-nuh-vuh / BYEH-luh-vuh vee-NAH)
- Please have a bottle.
- Будьте добры, одну бутылку. (BOOT'-tyeh dah-BRYH, ahd-NOO boo-TYHL-koo)
- whisky
- виски (VEE-skee)
- Vodka
- водка (vodka)
- Govas
- квас (kvas)
- rum
- ром (rohm)
- water
- вода/ой (vah-DAH / vah-DOY)
- soda water
- газированная/ой вода/ой (газировка/ой) (guh-zee-ROH-vuhn-nuh-yuh / guh-zee-ROH-vuhn-nuy vah-DAH / vah-DOY)
- Tonic Water
- тоник/ом (TOH-neek/TOH-neek-uhm)
- Orange juice
- апельсиновый/ым сок/ом (uh-peel'-SEE-nuh-vyh / uh-peel'-SEE-nuh-vyhm sohk / SOHK-uhm)
- Cola(Soda)
- кола/ой (лимонад/ом) (KOH-lah / KOH-luy)
- Do you have any snacks?
- Здесь есть буфет? (zdyehs' yehst' boo-FYEHT)
- Please have another glass.
- Ещё одну, пожалуйста. (yee-SHYOH ahd-NOOH, puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh)
- Please have another round.
- Повторите, пожалуйста. (puhf-tah-REEH-tye, puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh)
- When does business end?
- Когда вы закрываетесь? (kahg-DAH vyh zuh-kryh-VAH-ee-tyehs'?)
- cheers!
- За здоровье! (za zdorovyeh!)
Shopping
- Do you have the size I wear?
- У вас есть это моего размера? (oo vahs yehst' EH-tuh ma-ee-VOH rahz-MYEH-ruh)
- how much is this?
- Сколько это стоит? (SKOHL'-kuh EH-tuh STOH-eet)
- That's too expensive.
- Это слишком дорого. (EH-tuh SLEESH-kuhm DOH-ruh-guh)
- You can accept_____(price)?
- Вы примете _____? (vyh PREE-mee-tyeh _____?)
- expensive
- дорого (DOH-ruh-guh)
- Cheap
- дёшево (DYOH-shyh-vuh)
- I can not afford it.
- Я не могу себе этого позволить. (yah nee mah-GOOH see-BYEH EH-tuh-vuh paz-VOH-leet' )
- I don't want it.
- Я это не хочу. (yah EH-tuh nee khah-CHOO)
- You are deceiving me.
- Вы меня обманываете. (vyh mee-NYAH ab-MAH-nyh-vah-ee-tyeh)
- I'm not interested in.
- Мне это не интересно. (mnyeh EH-tuh nee een-tee-RYEHS-nuh)
- Okay, I bought it.
- Хорошо, я возьму. (khah-rah-SHOH, yah vahz'-MOO)
- Can you give me a bag?
- Дайте, пожалуйста, пакет. (DIGH-tyeh, puh-ZHAH-luh-stuh, pah-KYEHT)
- Do you deliver goods (to overseas)?
- У вас есть доставка (за границу)? (oo vahs yehst' dahs-TAHF-kah (zah grah-NEET-sooh))
- I need to...
- Мне нужен/нужна/нужно/нужны... (mnyeh NOO-zhehn / nooh-ZHNAH / NOOZH-nuh / nooh-ZHNYH)
- ...toothpaste.
- ...зубная паста. (ZOOB-nuh-yuh PAHS-tuh)
- ...A toothbrush.
- ...зубная щётка. (ZOOB-nuh-yuh SHYOHT-kuh)
- ...Tampons.
- ...тампоны. (tahm-POH-nyh)
- ...Soap.
- ...мыло. (MYH-luh)
- ...shampoo.
- ...шампунь. (shahm-POON' )
- ...painkiller. (Such as aspirin or ibuprofen)
- ...обезболивающее. (ah-beez-BOH-lee-vah-yoo-shee-yeh)
- ...Cold medicine.
- ...лекарство от простуды. (lee-KAHR-stvah aht prah-STOO-dyh)
- ...Gastrointestinal medicine.
- ...лекарство от живота. (lee-KAHR-stvah aht zhyh-VOH-tuh)
- ...The razor.
- ...бритва. (BREET-vuh)
- ...An umbrella.
- ...зонтик. (ZOHN-teek)
- ...Sunscreen.
- ...лосьон от загара. (luhs'-YOHN ahd zah-GAH-ruh)
- ...A postcard.
- ...открытка. (aht-KRYHT-kah)
- ...stamp.
- ...почтовые марки. (pahtch-TOH-vyh-yeh MAHR-kee)
- ...Battery.
- ...батарейки. (bah-tah-RAY-kee)
- ...stationery.
- ...бумага. (boo-MAH-guh)
- ...A pen.
- ...ручка. (ROOCH-kuh)
- ...Chinese book.
- ... Китайская книга. (Kitay-skaya kni-ga)
- ...Chinese magazine.
- ...журналы на китайском языке. (zhoor-NAH-lyh nah kitay-skuhm yuh-zyh-KYEH)
- ...A Chinese newspaper.
- ...газета на китайском языке. (gah-ZYEH-tah nah kitay-skuhm yuh-zyh-KYEH)
- ...A Chinese dictionary.
- ...русско-китайский словарь. (ROO-skuh kitay-skee slah-VAHR')
drive
- I want to rent a car.
- Я хочу взять машину напрокат. (yah khah-CHOO vzyaht' mah-SHYH-noo nuh-prah-KAHT)
- Can I get insurance?
- Я могу взять страховку? (yah mah-GOO vzyaht' strah-KHOHF-koo)
- stop(Road sign)
- СТОП (stohp)
- one way lane
- одностороннее движение (uhd-nuh-stah-ROHN-nee-yeh dvee-ZHEH-nee-yeh)
- Yield
- уступите дорогу (oo-stoo-PEE-tyeh dah-ROH-goo)
- No Parking
- парковки нет (pahr-KOHF-kee nyeht)
- Speed limit
- ограничение скорости (ah-grah-nee-CHEH-nyh-yeh SKOH-ruh-stee)
- Gas station
- (авто)заправка ((AHF-tuh) zah-PRAHF-kuh)
- gasoline
- бензин (been-ZEEN)
- diesel fuel
- ДТ (дизельное топливо) (deh teh (DEE-zehl'-nuh-yeh TOH-plee-vuh))
authorities
- I did nothing bad.
- Я ничего плохого не делал(а). (yah nee-chee-VOH plah-KHOH-vuh nee DYEH-luhl/luh-luh)
- That is a misunderstanding.
- Мы друг друга не поняли. (myh droog DROO-guh nyee POHN-yuh-lee)
- Where are you taking me?
- Куда вы меня везёте? (koo-DAH vyh meen-YAH vee-ZYOH-tyeh?)
- Am I arrested?
- Я арестован(а)? (yah ah-ryees-TOH-vuhn/vuh-nah?)
- I am a citizen of Macau/Taiwan/Hong Kong/Singapore/China.
- Я гражданин Аомыня/Тайваня/Гонконга/Сингапура/Китая. (Ya grazhdanin Aomynya/Tayvanya/Gonkonga/Singapura/Kitaya.)
- I want to contact Macau/Taiwan/Hong Kong/Singapore/Chinese Embassy/Office.
- Я хочу поговорить с посольством/консульством Макао / Тайвань / Гонконг / Сингапур / Китай. (yah khah-CHOO puh-guh-vah-REET s pah-SOL’ST-vuhm / s KOHN-sool’-stvuhm Makao / Tayvan' / Gonkong / Singapur / Kitay.)
- I want to talk to a lawyer.
- Я хочу поговорить с адвокатом. (yah hah-CHOO puh-guh-vah-REET s ahd-vuh-KAH-tuhm)
- Can I just pay the fine now?
- Я могу заплатить штраф сейчас? (yah mah-GOO zah-plah-TEET' shtrahf say-CHAHS?)