Algeria - Argélia

THE Algeria[1] is a country of North Africa. It has a coastal strip on the Mediterranean Sea to the north. borders the Morocco to the northwest, Tunisia to the northeast, Libya to the east, Niger to the southeast, mali the southwest, Mauritania and Western Sahara to the west. After Sudan, Algeria is the second largest country in the Africa.

Understand

History

Algeria has been inhabited by the Berbers since at least 10,000 BC From 1,000 BC the Carthaginians began to exert influence over the Berbers by installing settlements along the coast. The first Berber kingdoms began to emerge, highlighting the kingdom of Numidia, and took advantage of the opportunity offered by the Punic Wars to become independent from Carthage. Their independence, however, did not last long as in 200 BC they were annexed by Rome, then a republic. With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Berbers became independent again, regaining control of most of their former territory, with the exception of some areas that were occupied by the Vandals, who in turn were expelled by the Byzantines. With its victory, the Byzantine Empire maintained, albeit with difficulties, its control over the eastern part of the country until the arrival of the Arabs in the 8th century.

Algeria was annexed to the Ottoman Empire by Khair-ad-Don and his brother Aruj who established the present-day Algerian borders to the north and made the coast an important base for corsairs. The activities of corsairs reached their peak around the 17th century. Constant attacks on American ships in the Mediterranean resulted in the first and second Berber wars. Under the pretext of lack of respect for its consul, France invaded Algeria in 1830. The strong resistance of local personalities and the population made the task of France difficult, which only in the 20th century gained complete control of the country.

Even before the effective attainment of this control, France had already made Algeria an integral part of its territory, a situation that would only end with the collapse of the Fourth Republic. Thousands of settlers from France, Italy, Spain and Malta moved to Algeria to cultivate the coastal plains and live in the best parts of Algerian cities, benefiting from the confiscation of popular lands carried out by the French government. People of European descent (known as pieds-noirs) as well as Algerian Jews were considered French citizens, while the majority of the Algerian Muslim population was not covered by French law, had no French citizenship and had no right to vote. The social crisis reached its limit during this period, with illiteracy rates rising more and more, while land grabbing dispossessed a large part of the population.

Algeria is forced to face a prolonged war of liberation due to the resistance of the French settlers (dubbed in the metropolis the pieds noirs, or black feet), who dominate the best lands. In 1947, France extends French citizenship to Algerians and allows Muslims access to government posts, but the French in Algeria resist any concession to the natives. That same year, the National Liberation Front (FLN) was founded to organize the struggle for independence. A campaign of anti-Arab attacks (1950-1953) launched by right-wing settlers has a wave of attacks in the cities and guerrilla warfare in the countryside as a reaction from the FLN. In 1958, exiled rebels found a provisional republican government in Cairo. The intervention of elite troops from the metropolis (Foreign Legion and paratroopers) expands the war. Terrorist actions, torture and deportations characterize France's military action. Nationalists and far-right officials stage a military coup in Algeria in 1958. The following year, French President Charles de Gaulle grants self-determination to the Algerians. But the war intensified in 1961, with the entry into action of the right-wing terrorist organization OAS (Secret Army Organization), commanded by General Salan, one of the protagonists of the 1958 coup. To the OAS terrorism, the FLN responds with more terrorism. That same year, the Franco-Algerian negotiations failed, due to disagreements over the use of the oil discovered in 1945. In 1962, the Evian Armistice was agreed, with the recognition of Algerian independence by France in exchange for guarantees to the French in Algeria. The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is proclaimed after elections in which the FLN presents itself as a single party. Ben Bella becomes president.

Climate

The Algerian climate is arid to semi-arid; winters are mild and wet, with hot, dry summers in coastal areas, drier with cold winters and hot summers on the plateau; the sirocco is a hot wind laden with sand and dust that is especially common in summer.

Regions

Central Algeria The metropolitan area around the capital.

Northeast Algeria The huge mountains and plateaus east of algiers.

Northwest Algeria The coastal mountainous area west of algiers.

Algerian Atlas The mountain range.

Algeria Saharan The vast desert in the south of the country.

Cities

• algiers
• Constantine
• Oran
• Annaba
• Setif
• Jijel
• Batna
• Tlemcen
• Ouargla

Other destinations

• Hoggar - Rising suddenly west of Tamanrasset, the mountain range is one of Algeria's greatest attractions. From its sharp peaks, Mount Tahat stands out, which, 900 meters high, is the highest point in the mountain range.

• El Goléa Oasis - Nicknamed The Pearl of the Desert and The Enchanted Oasis, because of its lush vegetation and abundant water. The city is dominated by an ancient ksar (strong), whose ruins are well preserved.

Ports and docks

• Annaba
• Arzew
• bejaia
• Beni Saf
• Dellys
• Djendjene
• Ghazaouet
• Jijel
• Mostaganem
• Oran
• Skikda
• tenes

World Heritage Site

• Alcalá de Beni Hammad, Close of Setif.
• Ruins of Djemila, Close of Setif.
• M'Zab Valley.
• Archaeological site of Tassili n'Ajjer, included in the Tassili n'Ajjer National Park.
• Ruins of Timgad, Close of Batna.
• Tipasa Ruins, Close of algiers.
• Kasbah of algiers

To arrive

Brazilian citizens need a visa to enter the country. Information available at the embassy at Brasilia (tel. 61 3248-4039) and on the website [2] of the Algerian government.

By airplane

O Algiers International Airport Houari Boumediene is located 20 km from the capital and is a modern and well-equipped airport. The main Algerian airline is Air Algeria.

Algeria receives regular flights from most Western European countries, Canada, Russia, Turkey, and Arab countries.

Of boat

There is a maritime transport service in the country, connecting you, via ferries, with the Spain (Alicante-Oran and Almeria-Ghazaouet) and the France (Seven-Oran and from Marseille for algiers, bejaia, Skikda and Annaba).

By car

The only possible way to reach the country by car is to cross the Tunisian border, as the Moroccan border is closed.

By bus/bus

By train/train

There is a train service from Tunisia, with transshipment at the border.

Circular

By airplane

Of boat

By car

By bus/bus

By train/train

This is a good way to get to know the country's landscapes. In algiers The Oran, 5h, 1000 dinars (R$30.00, approx.); from the capital to bejaia, 4h, 250 dinars.

Speak

Arabic and French

Look

Knife

Buy

With the

• Fettate (specialty from the Sahara)
• Taguella (nomadic specialty)
• couscous
• Chorba (meat soup)
• recta
• Chackchouka
• Mechoui
• Qalb El Louz (dessert)
• Algerian pizza
• beklawa
• Ktayef
• Tajine

sleep

Learn

Work

Safety

Health

Health in Algeria, according to information in a March 6, 2006 United States report, does not compare well with the developed world. Algeria has an insufficient number of doctors (one per 1000 people) and hospital beds (2.1 per 1000 people) and difficult access to water (87 percent of the population) and sanitation (92 percent of the population). of Algeria, favors the preventive health policy on hospitals and clinics. In line with this policy, the government maintains an immunization program. However, poor sanitary conditions and unsafe water still cause tuberculosis, hepatitis, measles, typhoid, cholera and dysentery. In 2003 about 0.10 percent of the population aged 15-49 was living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The poor generally receive free health care, but the rich pay for care according to a sliding scale. Access to healthcare is reinforced by the requirement that doctors and dentists work in public health for at least five years. more easily found in northern cities than in the southern Sahara region.

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