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| Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca · Kolozsvár | ||
| circle | Cluj | |
|---|---|---|
| Residents | 324.576 (2011) | |
| height | 410 m | |
no tourist info on Wikidata:  | ||
| location | ||
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Cluj-Napoca (German Cluj-Napoca, Hungarian Kolozsvár) is the second largest city Romania and the largest city in Transylvania.
Districts
The districts of Cluj in alphabetical order:
- Andrei Mureșanu
- Bulgaria
- Centru
- Dâmbul Rotund
- Gheorgheni
- Grădinile Mănăştur
- Grigorescu
- Gruia
- iris
- Între Lacuri
- Mănăştur
- Mărăşti
- Someșeni
- Zorilor
background
In prehistoric times there was a settlement on the site of the present-day town. The ancient Dacians settled here Napocawhich, after its subjugation by the Roman Empire, was initially expanded into a legionary camp and later also into a civil city. Emperor Hadrian granted her Roman rights at the beginning of the 2nd century AD Municipiums. Looted by the Teutons and the Karpen, the city went under around the year 250.
In the 13th century, German (Transylvanian-Saxon) settlers founded the city of Cluj in the same place, which developed into the second largest city in the Kingdom of Hungary and the seat of a Hungarian county, and at the end of the 18th century even became the capital of the Grand Duchy of Transylvania. King Matthias Corvinus, highly revered in Hungary, was born in Cluj-Napoca in 1443. From a predominantly German city, Cluj has evolved over time into a predominantly Hungarian-speaking city (Kolozsvár). The Hungarian-speaking Franz Josef University was founded in 1872, the second university in what was then the Kingdom of Hungary.
After the First World War, Cluj, like all of Transylvania, fell to Romania and was henceforth called Cluj. The once large Jewish population group (over 13% of the population) was destroyed during the German occupation in the Holocaust. The dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu ordered the renaming in 1974 Cluj-Napocato underline the ancient legacy and the nationalist thesis that today's Romanians are descended from the former Dacian people. However, that never really caught on, most residents only speak of it to this day Cluj.
Today Cluj is the most important economic and cultural center and the de facto "capital" of the Transylvania region. Six state and several private universities make it a real student city.
Almost 80% of the population are Romanians, 19% Hungarians, 1% Roma; Romanian Germans (Transylvanian Saxons) now make up less than 1% of the population. Cluj is one of the cities with the largest Hungarian population groups in Romania, which is why there are many Hungarian-speaking institutions. However, the only official language is Romanian. A large number of religions are represented: almost 70% are Romanian Orthodox, 12% Protestant Reformed, 6% Greek Catholic (Uniate), 5.5% Roman Catholic, approx. 1% each Baptist and Unitarian. Jews are now only a very small minority.
getting there
By plane
The 1 Cluj International Airport "Avram Iancu"
(IATA: CLJ) is the second busiest airport in Romania. There are daily flights of the national company TAROM from Bucharest Otopeni. The German-speaking area becomes Cluj of Vienna (TAROM), Frankfurt and Munich (Lufthansa), Basel, Dortmund, Geneva, Cologne, Maastricht, Memmingen and Nuremberg (Wizz Air, a Hungarian low-cost line). It takes about 1:45 hours to fly from Munich and 2:15 hours from Dortmund. With Lufthansa, a return flight in economy class costs from € 190. At Wizz Air, for example, you pay a little over € 100 there and back from Dortmund in the cheapest class (without large luggage), in the more comfortable plus class (incl. 32 kg luggage and more legroom) around € 250 (as of January 2016) .
The airport is a good 7 km east of the city center. These can be mastered with the trolleybus line 5 or the bus line 8. The ride to the station Sora In the old town, for example, it takes 25 minutes, to the main train station 30 minutes. An alternative is the direct transfer from the airport to the hotel. B. at the provider City transfer by car (3 people: € 12) or minivan (7 people: € 25).
By train
There is a daily fast train connection between Vienna and Cluj in both directions (train pair Transylvania) with a driving time of a little more than 10½ hours. Alternatively, you can take the night train from Vienna to Blaj and change there to Cluj.
The 2 Cluj-Napoca train station is located about 1.5 km north of the city center. Several tram and bus lines stop on the station forecourt. For example, the 101 tram takes five minutes from the train station to the Hungarian Opera and City Park; with the trolleybus line 3 in six minutes to the National Theater at Piața Avram Iancu; or with the bus number 9 in six minutes to Strada Memorandumului near the Michaelskirche.
By bus
| Distances | |
| Bucharest | 450 km |
|---|---|
| Oradea | 160 km |
| Sibiu | 165 km |
| Budapest (Hungary) | 420 km |
Of Budapest (Nepliget bus station and from the airport) there are regular minibuses and larger buses also stop directly in Cluj. The trip costs around 20 euros.
In the street
Coming from the direction of Hungary, Cluj can be reached via the RN 1 (European route 60), which is quite well developed, but due to the crossing of the Western Carpathians, in some parts rather curvy. From Vienna it is about 650 kilometers, for which you have to plan a good eight hours' drive.
mobility
Cluj has a relatively well-developed local transport network that runs from CTP Cluj-Napoca (Website also in German). It consists of numerous bus, seven trolleybus and four tram lines. However, the pricing system is very confusing at the beginning. A ticket costs 2.4 lei and is only valid on one line. This ticket can also be used for the return journey (validate it again), using any line that runs on the same section of the route.
If you have to rely on local public transport for a long time, it is worth buying a weekly or monthly ticket. A user ID (photo and ID) is required for this. A week ticket for one line (and all lines on the same route) costs 10 lei.
Rental car
- Autorent. Aeroportul Internațional Cluj-Napoca.
- Alpha Rent a car Cluj. Professional car rental services.
- Rent a car Cluj. Inchirieri auto Cluj si aeroport Cluj-Napoca.
- Masini de inchiriat in Cluj. EURO Rent a Car Cluj-Napoca.
- Parcare Aeoport Cluj Valet Quick Smart (Parking Smart Cluj), Sannicoara, Str Gradinarilor nr 10. Tel.: (0)741264353, Mobile: (0)740247861, Email: [email protected].
Valet Quick SMART Airport Parking Cluj.Open: Non-Stop.Price: 6. - MOB RENT AUTO Inchirieri Masini, Traian Vuia 168, Cluj Napoca. Tel.: 40748106239, Email: [email protected].facebook url usedInchirieri masini MOB Rent Auto Cluj Napoca / Cluj Napoca Aeroport. Servicii profesionale non-stop, Asistenta 24h / 24h,Open: 00: 01-23: 59.Accepted payment methods: visa, master card, cash.
- Alinis Rent a Car Cluj, Cluj-Napoca. Tel.: 40742888891.facebook url usedInchirieri auto Cluj sau Targu Mures. Masini de inchiriat la cele mai bune preturi. Discount uri de fidelitate Rent a Car de pana la 25%! Rent a Car Cluj ieftin Alinis. Inchirieri auto in Cluj, Sibiu, Targu Mures si Bistrita la preturi negociabile. Offerte de sezon!Feature: 24 hour reception.Accepted payment methods: Cash, Visa, Master.
Tourist Attractions
The historic buildings in the city center have largely been preserved. You can find the medieval Michael’s Church, Renaissance buildings, aristocratic palaces from the Baroque, representative buildings in the classicistic, eclectic and Secession styles from the Austro-Hungarian period; but also some larger buildings from the communist era.
Churches and synagogues
- 1 Biserica Romano-Catolică Sfântul Mihail (Catholic Michaelskirche), Piața Unirii.
Erected 13./14. Century (tower mid-19th century), landmark of the city and several times the meeting place of Transylvanian state parliaments. In front of it stands a statue of the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus, who was born in Cluj-Napoca.
- 2 Biserica Franciscană (Franciscan Church), Piața Muzeului no. 2.Originally from the 13th century, later changed to Baroque style with an opulently decorated interior, the baroque tower dates from the 18th century
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- 3 Catedrala Adormirea Maicii Domnului (Orthodox Cathedral of the Assumption of Our Lady into Heaven), Piața Avram Iancu.In the Brâncovenesc style ("Romanian Renaissance"), originated in the years 1920–1930.
- 4 Catedrala greco-catolică Schimbarea la Față (Greek Catholic Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Lord or "Minorite Church"), Vol. Eroilor No. 10.Erected in Baroque style from 1775–1779 by the Order of the Minorites (Franciscans) under the patronage of Empress Maria Theresa, it was for a long time the church of the Roman Catholic upper class in the city. In 1924 the Pope handed it over to the Greek Catholic Church united with Rome, to which it now serves as an episcopal church. Worth seeing Art Nouveau glass windows with depictions of saints. The name tags were removed, as the portrayed are the patron saints of Hungary and the reference to them was no longer desired for the Romanians.
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- 5 Biserica Reformată Calvină (reformed Church), Mihail Kogălniceanu Street 21,.Erected around 1500, without a tower, an important organ.
- 6 Biserica Unitariană din Cluj (Unitarian Church), Str. 21 Decembrie 1989 no. 9.In the late baroque style (with rococo and classicist elements), completed in 1798. Cluj is the headquarters of the Unitarian Church of Transylvania, which at times had a great influence. Next to the church is the Unitarian Lyceum "János Zsigmond", named after the only Hungarian king who converted to the Unitarian faith.
- 7 Sinagoga Neologă (Reformed Synagogue)), St. Horea.Erected in the Moorish style in 1886/87, restored in 1927 after partial destruction by the anti-Semitic “Iron Guard”.
Castles, chateaux and palaces
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- 8 Palatul Banffy (Bánffy Palace), Piața Unirii No. 30.Erected around 1780 for the then governor of Transylvania, Count Bánffy, one of the most important baroque buildings in Transylvania. It remained the seat of the governors and the Austrian emperors also resided here when they visited Cluj-Napoca. Today it houses the art museum, see below #Museums.
- 9 Palatul Arhiepiscopiei Ortodoxe a Clujului (Orthodox Archbishop's Palace), Piața Avram Iancu nr. 18th.Erected in 1887 as the seat of the Austro-Hungarian forest administration, later converted into the seat of the Romanian Orthodox Archdiocese of Vad, Feleacu and Cluj and the Metropolitan of Cluj, Maramureș and Sălaj.
- 10 Bastionul Croitorilor (Tailor's bastion), Str.Baba Novac.Part of the medieval city fortifications.
Buildings
- middle Ages
- 11 Casa Matei Corvin, St. Matei Corvin nr. 3.Birthplace of the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus.
- classicism
- 12 Primăria veche (Old Town Hall), Piața Unirii no. 1.Built 1843–46.
- historicism
- 13 Palatul Babos (Babos Palace), Str.Rule Ferdinand No. 38 (at Piața Mihai Viteazu).Representative corner building in the style of the Belle Époque, built in 1889/90.
- 14 Palatul Széki (Szeki Palace), 37 Gheorghe Barițiu Street (at Piața Mihai Viteazu).Upper bourgeois palace in neo-Gothic style, which was built in 1893 for the pharmacist and university professor Széki Miklós.
- Main building of 15 Universitatea Babes-Bolyai (Babes Bolyai University), Mihail Kogălniceanu Street, no. 1B, in the neoclassical style.
- former 16 Hotel New York or later Continental, Piața Unirii. Representative building in eclectic style from the Austro-Hungarian era with an elaborately decorated facade, the café was a meeting place for the local bohemians, today it is empty.
- 17 Palatul Primăriei (New town hall)), Str. Moților no. 1-3.Erected in 1896/97 in the eclectic style with predominantly neo-baroque elements as the seat of the then Hungarian Kolozsvár County.
- 18 Palatul de Justiie (Palace of Justice), Calea Dorobantilor no. 2 (at Piața Avram Iancu).Magnificent representative building in the style of the Austro-Hungarian era.
- 19 Station building, Piața Gării.From 1902.
- Art Nouveau
- 21 Teatrul National, Piața Ştefan cel Mare nr. 24. National Theater. Neo-Baroque building with Art Nouveau elements from the years 1904–1906.
- 22 Palatul Prefecturii in Cluj, Piața Avram Iancu nr. 12th, Vol. 21 Decembrie 1989 59 și Piața Avram Iancu no. 12, municipality of Cluj-Napoca.Headquarters of the prefecture of Cluj County. Formerly Chamber of Commerce and Industry, in the style of the Vienna Secession (established 1910/11).
- Modern
- 24 Palatul Telefoanelor, st. Octavian Petrovici.Telephone palace, "brutalist" building from 1968, seat of the regional directorate of the Romanian Telecom.
- 25 BRD Tower (Clădirea sucursalei regional a BRD-Groupe Societe Generale), Vol. 21 Decembrie 1989 no. 81-83.Regional directorate of the BRD-Societe Generale banking group, built in the 1990s, with 12 floors the tallest office tower in the city.
Monuments
- 26 Equestrian statue of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, in front of the Michaelskirche.
Museums
- 28 Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei, St. Constantin Daicoviciu no. 2, in the Petrechevich Horváth house.National Museum of Transylvanian History.
- 29 Casa memorială Emil Isac (Muzeul "Emil Isac" in Cluj-Napoca), St. Emil Isac nr. 23.
- 30 Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Str. Memorandumului nr. 21.Transylvanian Ethnographic Museum.
- 31 Parcul Etnografic Național "Romulus Vuia" (Parcul Etnografic din Cluj-Napoca), Tăietura Turcului Street (3 km northwest of the city center).Open-air museum "Romulus Vuia".
- 32 Muzeul Zoologic (University Zoological Museum), Str. Clinicilor nr. 5-7.
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Streets and squares
- 33 Piața Unirii (Association place).Former market square, called "Großer Markt" or "Hauptmarkt", with preserved historical buildings: St. Michael's Church, equestrian statue of Matthias Corvinus, Bánffy-Palais, former Hotel New York, Rhédey-Palais, Jósika-Palais, Mauksch- Hintz-Haus (today Pharmacy Museum), Wolphard-Kakas-Haus and memorial for the victims of the memorandum process.
- 34 Piața Avram Iancu (Avram Iancu Square).The second main square in the city center is designed like a park with a large fountain in the middle. The building stock is largely historical: Orthodox cathedral, Orthodox bishop's palace, national theater and opera, prefecture of the district, Protestant theological institute, school inspection, railway administration and financial palace.
- 35 Piața Muzeului (Museum Square, Museum Square).Popular, car-free promenade with numerous cafés and partly medieval ambience. Here you will find the National Museum of Transylvanian History, the Franciscan Church, the Musiklyzeum (former Franciscan monastery) and the birthplace of Matthias Corvinus and Stephan Bocskai.
Parks
- 36 Parcul Central, St. Pavlov.City park with a lake (rowing boat rental in summer, ice-skating area in winter).
- 37 Grădina Botanică, Str. Republicii nr. 42.The botanical garden is always worth a visit. Even if the plants are not yet in bloom outside (at the end of March), this is a quiet place to relax from the big city. The property is very spacious and suitable for walks. There is a glass house in which tropical plants such as palm trees grow at 90 percent humidity, a “Roman” and a “Japanese” garden.Price: Entry: 4 lei (March 2006).
- 38 Parcul Cetățuia, Strada Cetății / Str. Calarasilor (Can be reached on foot by stairs from Strada General Dragalina (embankment at Someșul Mic)).A park was set up on the site of the baroque fortress from the Habsburg era (18th century), which stood on a hill north of the river around 60 meters above the city. From there you have a great view of the city. After the failed revolution in Transylvania in 1848, the rebels were imprisoned and executed in the fortress, including the Transylvanian-Saxon pastor Stephan Ludwig Roth. That reminds of that Monumentul Eroii Neamului (Monument to the People's Heroes) with a 23 meter high cross that was erected in 1997. Only a few buildings have survived from the historic fortress. In the middle of the park is the 10-storey Hotel Belvedere from the 1970s.
various
activities
Culture
Cluj has long been an important cultural center for the various ethnic and linguistic groups of Transylvania:
- 1 Opera Națională Română Cluj-Napoca (Romanian National Opera), Piața Ștefan cel Mare no. 2-4. Tel.: 40 264 592466.
- Teatrul National Cluj-Napoca (romanian national theater), Piața Ștefan cel Mare no. 2-4. Tel.: 40 264 592826.
- 2 Kolozsvári Állami Magyar Színház (Hungarian State Theater), St. Emil Isac nr. 26-28. Tel.: 40 264 439204.
- 3 Kolozsvári Állami Magyar Opera (Opera Maghiară din Cluj; Hungarian opera), St. Emil Isac nr. 26-28. Tel.: 40 264 439204.Opera, operetta, ballet and musical.
- 4 Filarmonica de Stat Transilvania (State Philharmonic of Transylvania), Colegiul Academic, Str. Emmanuel de Martonne nr. 1 (Entrance to Mihail Kogălniceanu Street). Tel.: 40 264 431558.Classical orchestra with a choir, chamber orchestra, string quartet and a folklore group.
- 5 German Cultural Center Cluj-Napoca, 7-9 Universității Street. Tel.: 40 264 594 492, Email: [email protected].Cooperation partner of the Goethe Institute, also offers events in German.
Cinemas
- Republica, Piața Mihai Viteazul no. 11. Tel.: 40-264-530521.
- Victoria, Vol. Eroilor no. 51. Tel.: 40-264-598561.
Regular events
The most important cultural festival is that Transilvania International Film Festival (TIFF), which takes place every year from May to June.
shop
kitchen
- Casa Ardelenească, Vol. 21 Decembrie 1989 no. 5.
- Il Milanese, Avram Iancu Str. 85, Comuna Floreşti.
- Beijing, Str. A. Iancu nr. 12-14.
- Shanghai, St. Constantin Brâncuși nr. 98. Tel.: 40-264-409905.
- Lugano, St. Roosvelt nr. 3.
- Restaurant shelf. Tel.: 40(0)752875600.facebook url usedFeatures: All Inclusive, Breakfast, Pizza.Accepted payment methods: Cash, Visa, Master.
nightlife
- Crema, Piața Unirii no. 25th.
- Stone, St. Gheorghe Fulicea nr. 17th. Tel.: 40-264-408167.
accommodation
Cheap
- Sports **, St. George Cosbuc nr. 15th. Tel.: 40-268-589625.
- PAX *, Piata Gării no. 1-3. Tel.: 40-264-432927.
medium
- Victoria ***, B-dul 21 December 1989 no. 54-59. Tel.: 40-264-591441.
Upscale
- Casa Albă ****, St. Emil Racoviță no. 22nd. Tel.: 40-264-4395277.
Learn
- 1 Babes Bolyai University of Cluj (Universitatea Babes-Bolyai), Mihail Kogalniceanu no. 1.
The university with 45,000 students has a decidedly international focus. There are courses in five different languages: Romanian, Hungarian, German, English and French. At the Faculty of European Studies, for example, you can speak in German International Relations and European Studies to study. There are also numerous international master’s programs in cooperation with foreign universities and institutions.
security
health
Practical advice
trips
- 39 Salina Turda, St. Salinelor 3, municipiul Turda.The former salt mine is about 25km from Cluj. It is a mixture of a museum and an amusement park. In the large salt cavern there is even a Ferris wheel and a boat rental on the salt lake below.Open: Monday-Sunday 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., last entry 4:00 p.m.Price: Adults 40Lei, children 20Lei.
- Huedin
- Băișoara
- Beliș
- Transylvania for other destinations in the region
literature
Web links
- http://www.primariaclujnapoca.ro - Cluj-Napoca official website
