| Oradea | ||
 | ||
Coat of arms and flag   | ||
| State | Romania | |
|---|---|---|
| Region | Crișana | |
| Territory | Bihor district | |
| Altitude | 142 m a.s.l. | |
| Surface | 111.22 km² | |
| Inhabitants | 183.123 (2011 census) | |
| Prefix tel | 40 59 | |
| POSTAL CODE | 4101xx | |
| Time zone | UTC 2 | |
Position
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| Institutional website | ||
Oradea is a city of Romania, located in the historical region of Crișana and capital of the district of Bihor.
To know
Oradea enjoys a high standard of living compared to other cities Romanian and ranks at the top of the ranking of the most liveable cities in country. Oradea is also an industrial center of the region of Crișana, home to some of the largest Romanian companies. The city boasts numerous examples of Art Nouveau architecture and is a member of the European network Art Nouveau reserve.
Geographical notes
Located about 10 km from Borș, one of the busiest border crossings Romanian-Hungarian, Oradea is the most important city of the historical region of Crișana, a transition region where the flat Hungarian plain gives way to the first reliefs of the western Carpathians. About sixty kilometers southeast of Oradea, the Apuseni Mountains stand out, a tourist area appreciated for its high mountain landscapes. The "Crișul Repede" river, whose sources are on the Apuseni Mountains, crosses the city center and then continues to Hungary where flows into the Körös River.
When to go
Oradea has a temperate continental climate thanks to the action of winds that blow mainly from the Mediterranean. The average annual temperature is around 10.4 ° C. In July the average is around 21 ° C while in January it drops to -1.4 ° C. The rainfalls are not abundant but sufficient to maintain the wooded mantle of the area. The average annual rainfall is approximately 585.4 mm distributed evenly throughout the year, with maximums in June and minimums in late autumn and winter.
Background
Archaeological investigations have proved that the area where Oradea stands was inhabited, without any interruptions, since the Neolithic. The Romans settled in the areas of Salca and Băile Felix overlapped the Dacians and the Celts.
Oradea is mentioned for the first time with the Latin name Varadinum in a document dated 1113 signed by the Benedictine abbot of Zobor. The document mentions Bishop Sisto Varadiensis and another named Saul de Bychar. In the early Middle Ages (late 9th and early 10th centuries) the area was in the hands of a feudal lord, Prince Menumorut, a partly legendary figure but certainly a neo-Latin language.
In the 11th century Ladislao I of Hungary established a bishopric. In 1241 the citadel of Oradea is mentioned for the first time, which failed to stem theMongol invasion of the same year.
The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries were prosperous periods as evidenced by the many works of art which were carried out, such as the statues of Santo Stefano, Emeric and of King Ladislao I (1390), one of the first equestrian monuments to appear in Europe after the end of the Roman Empire.
At that time the astronomer Georg von Peuerbach, author of the Tabula Varadiensis, published posthumously in 1464, lived in Oradea.
In 1474, the city was conquered by the Turks after a long siege. During the Ottoman rule, Oradea took on a multi-ethnic aspect and was populated by Romanians, Hungarians, Austrians, Slovaks, Ruthenians and Turks,
Ottoman rule over the city ended in 1692, when the Habsburg imperial forces conquered Oradea after a 14-month siege. Under the Habsburgs, Oradea entered its golden age. The Viennese engineer Franz Anton Hillebrandt was given the task of drawing up a new urban plan and from the year 1752, many of the current landmarks were built such as the Roman Catholic Cathedral, the Church of the Moon, the State Theater and the Episcopal Palace. The city was famous for its many weapons factories and played an important role in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.
At the end of the First World War Oradea was ceded by theHungary to the Kingdom of Romania under the Treaty of Trianon. During the Second World War he returned for a short time to Hungary along with much of the Transylvania. On 12 October 1944, Oradea was captured by the Soviet troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front during the battle of Debrecen. After the Second World War, Hungary had to give up its claims on Transylvania and Oradea which returned to sovereignty Romanian under the Treaty of Paris of 10 February 1947.
How to orient yourself
Oradea: full screen map.- Republicii road. Street famous for being surrounded by numerous Art Nouveau buildings.
How to get
By plane
- 1 Oradea airport (IATA: OMR). Oradea is equipped with a small airport where the airlines will be in 2020 TAROM operated domestic flights to / from Bucharest.
- Buses of line 28 provide connections to / from the center of Oradea. The price of a ticket is 4 RON. The service, managed by the municipal transport company OTL, takes place in conjunction with the arrivals and departures of the planes.
Nearby airports with more flight options, including from Italian airports, are:
- Cluj (157.7 km / 2 h 33 min. Via the DN1 / E60),
- Timisoara (170.7 km / 2h 33min via the DN79 / E671)
- Budapest (306 km / 3h 10min via the M3)
On the train
- 2 Central station of Oradea (Centrală din Oradea race), Piața București.
By bus
- 3 Suburban bus station (Autogara din Oradea), Str. Razboieni Nr.81, ☎ 40 259 418 998.
How to get around
By public transport
Public transport is managed by the OTL (Oradea Transport Local), a municipal company. The network consists of five tram lines (1R, 1N, 2, 3R, 3N, 2, 4N, 4R) and 17 local bus lines (numbered 10 to 26) plus a suburban line terminating across the border at Biharkeresztes (Hungary).
What see
Civil and military architectures
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- 1 Passage of the Black Eagle (Pasajul Vulturul Negru), Str. Independenței 1. Art-Nouveau style hotel and shopping arcade from 1907.
- 2 Episcopal palace (Palatul Baroc). Baroque palace from the time of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. It was the seat of the Catholic bishop until 1945.! 4 years after the end of the communist regime it returned to the hands of the Catholic Church.
- 3 Fortress of Oradea (Cetatea Oradea).
Religious architectures
- 4 Church of the Moon (Biserica cu Lună). It is named after an astronomical clock that reproduces the phases of the moon.
- 5 Roman-Catholic Basilica (Bazilica Romano-Catolică).
- 6 Synagogue (Neologă Zion Synagogue).
- 7 Synagogue (Ortodoxă synagogue).
Museums
- 8 Crisana Town Museum (Muzeul Țării Crișurilor), Calea Armatei Române nr. 1 / A, ☎ 40 259 412 724. The museum was inaugurated on January 17, 1971 in the spaces of the former episcopal palace built in Baroque forms by the Austrian architect Franz Anton Hillebrandt (1719 - 1797) who also completed the Roman Catholic Basilica begun by the Italian architects Giovanni Battista Ricca (1691). - 1756) and Domenico Luchini.
- In 2020 the museum's collections were still being transferred to another location and the episcopal palace hosts permanent exhibitions while remaining open to the public.
- 9 Endre Ady Museum (Muzeul Ady Endre). Museum dedicated to the Hungarian poet Endre Ady who lived in Oradea in his youth before moving to Paris.
Events and parties
What to do
Shopping
- 1 Oradea Plaza, ☎ 40 745 235 569.
Mon-Sun 07: 00-22: 00. A tiny shopping center but on the edge of the center.
Mon-Sun 07: 00-22: 00. A tiny shopping center but on the edge of the center.- 2 Lotus Center, Nufărului street 30 (From the center or from Strada Repubblica, take a tram of lines 2, 3, 4 and get off at the "Lotus" stop), ☎ 40 259 436 022. Mon-Sun 10: 00-22: 00. A real shopping center with about 150 shops, a large Carrefour supermarket and another from the Lidl chain. It boasts a Sony Digital 4K screen cinema, casino, fitness center, bowling and billiards area.
- Inside there are about fifteen snack bars and fast food restaurants.
How to have fun
Shows
- 1 State Theater (Teatrul de Stat). Designed by Hellner and Fellner, two Austrian architects, prolific authors in the late nineteenth century of about one hundred theaters throughout the Austro-Hungarian Empire, including those of Vienna, Budapest, River is Zagreb.
Where to eat
Average prices
- 1 Cheerfulness, Calea Republicii 33, ☎ 40 359 449 899. Mon-Sun 11: 00–00: 00.
- 2 Cyrano, Calea Republicii 7, ☎ 40 728 284 722. Mon-Sun 10: 00-23: 00.
- 3 Graf Restaurant & Pizzerie, Barbu Ștefănescu Delavrancea street 3, ☎ 40 754 991 133. Mon 17: 00-23: 00, Tue-Sun 12: 00-23: 00.
- 4 Hanul cu Noroc, Mihail Kogălniceanu road nr. 7, ☎ 40 359 199 466. Mon-Fri 11: 00-00: 00, Sat-Sun 13: 00-00: 00.
- Piaţa 9, Bulevardul Decebal 61A.
- Due Fratelli Pizzeria, Strada Episcop Roman Ciorogariu 39.
- 5 Rosecas Restaurant & Terasa, 17 Traian Mosoiu, ☎ 40 745 265 673. Mon-Thu 11: 00-23: 30, Fri-Sat 11: 00-00: 00, Sun 11: 00-23: 30. Refined cuisine.
- 6 Restaurant Crinul Alb (The White Lily Restaurant), Parcul Traian 23, ☎ 40 722 548 433. Mon-Sun 00: 00-24: 00.
High prices
- 7 Rivo Restaurant & Lounge, Aleea Ștrandului 3, ☎ 40 359 444 445. Mon-Sun 12: 00-00: 00.
Where stay
Safety
How to keep in touch
Around
- 4 Băile Felix (12 km south-east of the center of Oradea) - Renowned thermal baths.
- 5 Stâna de Vale - A less known spa center than the previous one and at 1,100 m high but with the possibility of excursions to the Apuseni mountains and the Bear cave (Peștera Urșilor).
