Gallura - Gallura

There Gallura is a historical region belonging to the region Sardinia.

To know

Geographical notes

Subregion of the Sardinia, located in the north-eastern part of the island, limited to the west by the Coghinas river, to the south by Mount Limbara and to the south-east by Mount Nieddu, up to the municipality of Budoni. Overlooking the Tyrrhenian Sea to the east and the Bocche di Bonifacio to the north (overlooking the Corsica), is one of the most historically and economically important subregions in Sardinia. It is located in a characteristic granite landscape, characterized by Mediterranean scrub and cork and holm oak woods, which overlook the beautiful and renowned Gallura coasts. It borders to the south-east with the Baronie, to the south with the Monteacuto and to the west with the Anglona.

When to go

Gallura can be visited all year round due to the many attractions present both inland and along the coast. A summer visit to the famous seaside resorts of Gallura (among which the famous Costa Smeralda stands out), the most popular on the island, is recommended. In the hinterland, a multitude of suggestive excursions are guaranteed among the typical and ancient inhabited centers and the curious geological formations formed in the granite, the founding element of palaces and public structures.

The main places for sightseeing and vacation are Olbia, Arzachena, Santa Teresa Gallura, San Teodoro and La Maddalena on the coast and Tempio Pausania and Calangianus inland, on the fulcrum of historic Gallura and its main inhabited centers. However, it is recommended to visit the latter in the period between March and July.

Olbia is the main city of Gallura. Seat of port and airport, it totally overlooks the homonymous gulf and presents, in its municipal territory, a multitude of characteristic beaches easily accessible and widely equipped with services of all kinds.The Costa Smeralda is the most important tourist region of Gallura, as well as among the most relevant, famous and renowned nationally. It extends over a stretch of coast of about 20 km, has small coves and is not far from characteristic islands such as the archipelago of La Maddalena. Place subject of several films and favorite seaside resort of a multitude of famous people, it is also characterized by curious geological shapes and crystal clear waters. Located in the municipal area of ​​Arzachena.

The archipelago of La Maddalena, located in the municipality of the same name, is a renowned seaside resort in Gallura, as well as a national park since 1994. The archipelago consists of the islands of La Maddalena (the largest, on which the city is located), Caprera (place of death and burial of Giuseppe Garibaldi), Santo Stefano (once a place of military settlement), Budelli (famous for the "pink beach"), Santa Maria, Razzoli (where the lighthouse is located), Spargi (among the most famous).

Monte Limbara is the main mountain range of Gallura. On its valleys, characterized by dense woods and suggestive landscapes immersed in the regional park, there are the main historical towns of Gallura: Tempio Pausania, Calangianus, Luras, Nuchis, Aggius, Bortigiadas. Respectively the second and third inhabited center of Gallura, Tempio Pausanias and Calangianus are the two major historical realities. Before the rebirth of Olbia, in fact, Tempio Pausania and Calangianus were the royal capitals of the large and long-lived Giudicato di Gallura. Two historically analogous realities, only 8 km away and characterized by unique historical centers (the fundamental feature is the granite construction) and well cared for, constitute the two cities-crossroads for all the destinations of the Gallura hinterland, which can be visited mainly in the period between March and July. Furthermore, Tempio and Calangianus are two cities widely renowned for their granite and cork industry, the largest in Italy and internationally relevant (Calangianus was awarded, for these merits, the title of Capital of Cork and was named as one of the one hundred most industrialized and richest municipalities in Italy).

Luogosanto, a center located beyond Lake Liscia towards Arzachena, was awarded the title of Marian City and is the presumed place where, according to legend, the Madonna di Gallura appeared.

Characteristic are the traditional Gallura celebrations, dedicated to the main patron saints of Gallura (among the many: Madonna di Gallura or Nostra Signora di Luogosanto, San Simplicio, San Paolo Eremita, Santa Giusta and San Giacomo).

Numerous festivals and events stand out, among which the strong carnival tradition of the Temple-Calangianus-Luras triangle prevails. The particular Carnival of Tempio, of which there are similar and equally well organized variants in the neighboring centers, is unique in its kind by tradition and is clearly the most felt event by the population in the Gallura hinterland, based on a centuries-old tradition, which consists in the parade of allegorical floats and in the burning of the "king of the carnival", the chariot of King George. Other important events, among many, are: the Calangianus Cattle Festival, the feast of San Simplicio in Olbia, the feast of the Madonna di Luogosanto, the summer carnival of Badesi and Golfo Aranci.

The most popular summer destinations are Olbia, Arzachena, La Maddalena and Santa Teresa Gallura.

Gallura is characterized by a predominantly Mediterranean climate, with hot summers and generally mild winters, more rigid in the hinterland and Monte Limbara areas.

Background

The toponym of Gallura, which appears in the first written records with the condaghe of San Pietro di Silki (XI-XII century), would be "rocky, stony". The inhabitants of the region, the Galluresi, take their name from this. Inhabited extensively since prehistoric times and distinguished by the presence of a particular Nuragic culture (the Culture of Arzachena), it is the area where Homer places the Lestrigoni in the Odyssey. In the Roman period, the main centers of Gallura are: Olbia (of Punic foundation), Gemellae (probably the current Tempio Pausania), Calangiani (the current Calangianus), Tibula (probably the current Santa Teresa Gallura), Tertium (identified in the municipality of Telti. Following the vandal raid against Olbia, in 594, the main Gallura city decays. Paradoxically, this is the period of rise of Gallura, with the birth of the Giudicato. The Giudicato of Gallura was one of the four judged in which Sardinia was divided at the time, and saw in Temple is Calanjanus the main and most populous centers until 1500. The Giudicato was divided into 13 curatoria and extended along the current historical regions of Gallura and Baronie. The main curatoria was that of Gemini, which included the centers of Temple,Calanjanus, Nughes, Aggius, Bortigiadas, Luras, Vignas, Villa Latignano. After the death of the last judge Nino Visconti, the Giudicato of Gallura passed into Pisan hands. In the Spanish period, Gallura repopulated, following the medieval scourges, of the Corsican genes (Corsica), who contributed to forming the current Gallura language. In the Savoy period, Giuseppe Garibaldi settled there (exactly in Caprera, where he died). With the end of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with the improvement of connections, the settlement trend was reversed in favor of the coastal strip and the city of Olbia which also benefited from the emerging Costa Smeralda together with Arzachena, Santa Teresa and San Teodoro. Gallura has the highest per capita income in Sardinia. In addition to tourism, cork processing is one of the main sources of wealth of the Gallura community, and sees Calangianus as its main economic center.

Spoken languages

“There have been several novel linguists who have become interested in the Sardinian language, highlighting its high degree of Latinity. Perhaps, as Mauro Maxia points out, they are too interested in the main varieties of Sardinian (Campidanese and Logudorese), neglecting an important linguistic territory, that of Gallura, in northern Sardinia, where the language is not Sardinian at all. The Gallura people themselves speak of «li Saldi» (the Sardinians) to identify sardophones, who do not at all use the linguistic code of «li Gadduresi», the inhabitants of Gallura. "

(Mauro Maxia, introduction from the historical studies on the dialects of northern Sardinia - Sassari 1999)

The Gallura language is a Romance linguistic variety of Corsican origin, strongly influenced by the Sardinian Logudorese. Gallurese is a very different language from the traditional Limba Sarda, influenced by Logudorese (of which there are linguistic islands in the district of Olbia and in Luras), Catalan and Corsican. There are particular variants in Tempio Pausania, Aggius, Calangianus, Arzachena, Santa Teresa Gallura and La Maddalena.

Territories and tourist destinations

Urban centers

The municipalities of Gallura:

Other destinations

How to get

By plane

• 40.8986119.51751 Olbia airport (Olbia "Costa Smeralda" airport), Costa Smeralda Airport, Olbia, ☎ 39 0789 563 400, fax: 39 0789 563 401, @[email protected]. Olbia "Costa Smeralda" airport is the only airport serving Gallura. Located about 1 km from the city center, it is the airport in Sardinia with the highest number of international passengers.

The airport has two terminals:

The main terminal, dedicated to passenger flights. Here several companies connect several Italian and European cities. The companies operating in the airport are: Alitalia with Rome-Fiumicino and Milan-Linate and other scheduled and low cost airlines including Easyjet, Volotea, Smartwings, Transavia, British Airways, Austrian and many others.

There is also a second terminal, the Eccelsa terminal. Opened in 2009, it is dedicated exclusively to general aviation flights such as private flights, air taxis and helitaxis.

→ See also Olbia-Costa Smeralda Airport  

By car

State roads

• There state road 125 "Orientale Sarda" crosses the entire coast of Gallura, from Budoni to Palau passing through Olbia. However, it starts from Quartucciu and crosses the entire eastern coast of Sardinia, from Tortolì to Siniscola, to then enter the subregion of Gallura.
• There state road 127 "Northern Sarda" begins at Olbia, connecting it to Telti, Calangianus is Tempio Pausania until Sassari.
• There state road 133 of Palau He begins to Tempio Pausania, connecting the center to Palau through Luogosanto.
• There state road 199 of Monti colleague Ozieri to Oschiri, reaching Monti ed Olbia.
• There state road 427 of Central Gallura begins at Calangianus, connecting the center to Arzachena and to Costa Smeralda passing through Sant'Antonio di Gallura.
• There state road 597 di Logudoro part a Codrongianus, connecting the area of Sassari to Olbia passing through Monti and for the centers of Monteacuto di Berchidda is Oschiri.
• There state road 672 Sassari-Temple starts from Ploaghe and ends at Bortigiadas, connecting Sassari to Tempio Pausania in a better stretch than that provided by the SS127.
• There state road 729 Sassari-Olbia starts from Codrongianus, crossing the territory of the SS199 and ends at Olbia, entering the eastern part of Sardinia.

On boat

• Port authority of Olbia and Golfo Aranci, ☎ 39 0789 204179, @[email protected]. The port authority of Olbia and Golfo Aranci deals with the ports of Olbia, Golfo Aranci is Porto Torres. The port of Olbia is the largest in Sardinia, as it is the main gateway to the Costa Smeralda. There is also a well-equipped tourist port, connected to that of Olbia, a Golfo Aranci. 
• Port of Santa Teresa Gallura, Terravecchia, Santa Teresa Gallura, ☎ 39 0789 751452, fax: 39 0789 753170, @[email protected]. 
• Palau touristic port, Riva dei Lestrigoni, Palau, ☎ 39 0789 708435, fax: 39 335 7700486, @[email protected]. 
• Marina of Porto Rotondo, Directional Office Marina C.P.328, Porto Rotondo (Olbia), ☎ 39 0789 34203, fax: 39 0789 34368, @[email protected]. 

On the train

Gallura is served by two railway sections:

• The Sassari-Tempio-Palau railway connects Sassari to all the centers of northern Sardinia, including Tempio Pausania, Calangianus, Luras,Nuchis ed Arzachena.
• The Cagliari-Golfo Aranci railway, also known as Dorsale Sarda, consists of a main line that connects Cagliari to Olbia is Golfo Aranci, passing through Oschiri is Monti.

By bus

• Autolinee A.R.S.T. S.p.A., ☎ 39 0789 553000, ☎ 39 800 865 042, @[email protected]. 
• Careddu bus lines, ☎ 39 079 632689, @[email protected]. 
• Sardabus Servizi S.R.L., ☎ 39 079 510554, @[email protected]. 
• Caramelli Tours, ☎ 39 079 670613, fax: 39 079 635081, @[email protected]. 

How to get around

On the train

The national network of Trenitalia manages the line of the Sardinian ridge.

By bus

The trucking service is managed by the aforementioned companies.

What see

Museums and civil buildings

• 40.9236639.5075831 Archaeological Museum of Olbia (National Archaeological Museum), Via Macerata, Olbia, ☎ 39 0789 28290, @[email protected]. The museum, located on the small Peddona Island, in front of the old port, recalls with its shapes the image of a moored ship, due to both the urban-maritime context in which it is inserted and the important role of Olbia as a port city in the history of Sardinia.

The exhibition is dedicated to the events of the port and the city, with particular reference to the Phoenician, Greek, Punic and Roman phases. 

• 40.9149239.4980732 Mario Cervo Archive, Via Grazia Deledda 26, Olbia. The Mario Cervo Archive represents the most important collection in the world dedicated to Sardinian music. 
• 40.9047199.1060063 Bernardo De Muro Museum, Remembrance Park (Municipal Library), Tempio Pausania, ☎ 39 079 671580. The small exhibition is dedicated to the Tempiese tenor Bernardo De Muro (1881-1955), who trained at the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in Rome and became famous nationally and internationally especially for the interpretation of the works of Mascagni, in particular of Isabeau . 
• 41.081359.3860514 Ethnographic and Mineralogical-Paleontological Museum, Via Mozart, Arzachena, ☎ 39 0789 840106. The main theme is the vast exhibition of minerals and fossils. Destined to become a "Territorial Documentation Center of Earth and Human Science", it currently presents a part of the Casciu collection, consisting of approximately 15,000 minerals and fossils. It is divided into 2 sections. 
• 40.9354769.175165 Galluras Ethnographic Museum (The Museum of Femina Agabbadora), Via Nazionale 35, Luras, ☎ 39 368 337 6321, @[email protected]. € 5. always open (with reservation). The first ethnographic museum in Gallura, the north-eastern region of Sardinia, is set on the most faithful reconstruction of the typical environments of the Gallura civilization. The rooms have been reconstructed respecting the structure and balance of the old Gallura houses, with care and attention to detail that makes them alive, lived in. A reconstructive fidelity that amazed, at times moved, those older visitors that those environments had really experienced and known, finds that mean works, actions, words, emotions. The museum itinerary is divided into three levels with entrance and exit through the ground floor. 
• 41.2163499.4612996 I understand Garibaldi of Caprera, Caprera Island, La Maddalena, ☎ 39 0789 727162, @[email protected]. The Garibaldi compendium is an area of ​​the island of Caprera, in Sardinia, which includes the places where Giuseppe Garibaldi lived the last years of his life, where he died and where his tomb is. The site is owned by the Italian State and is used as a museum. 
• 41.1844669.3635057 Fortress of Monte Altura, Palau, ☎ 39 329 6041373, fax: 39 0789 771041, @[email protected]. It is located on a granite slope overlooking Palau, in a splendid position overlooking the archipelago of La Maddalena and Corsica. It is one of the forts built in the nineteenth century to protect the northern coast of Sardinia, an area considered to be of great strategic importance. 
• 40.9285159.0654398 "Oliva Carta Cannas" Ethnographic Museum, Via Monti di Lizu 6, Aggius, ☎ 39 079 621029. The museum, on two levels, is located in an ancient building in the historic center of Aggius.

The museum itinerary, within the MEOC, includes a visit to about fifteen rooms dedicated to family life and ancient crafts, which exhibit original objects and machinery that tell the history, culture and traditions of Aggius and all of Gallura 

• 40.929559.0657679 Banditry Museum, Via Pretura, Aggius. The town of Aggius was the epicenter of Gallura banditry for about three centuries: From the mid-sixteenth century, in the middle of the Spanish period, to the mid-nineteenth century, under the Savoy domination. The Museum of Banditry aims to carry out research on the material testimonies of man and his environment: it will acquire them, keep them, communicate them and above all exhibit them for the purposes of study, education and pleasure. This museum, set up not by chance in the old Magistrate's Court building, is located in the oldest area of ​​the town. And in the alleys adjacent to this building, more than a century ago, numerous murders were committed. 
• 41.0774929.11277710 ^{[link not working]}Mud'A'- Museum of contemporary art, Via Molino 6, Aglientu, ☎ 39 340 2666284. The Mud'A ', Museo d'Aglientu, with the adjoining Antico Mulino holiday house, are located in the historic center of Aglientu, a characteristic center of Gallura, a few steps from the main square, from the parish church of San Francesco d' Assisi and all services. The museum is divided into four rooms. 
• 40.8917789.04532211 Mineralogical Museum, Viale Trieste 30, Bortigiadas, ☎ 39 079 627014. The museum exhibits a variety of mineral species unique to Sardinia. A variety of international specimens are also represented. 
• 40.9220749.19120912 Cork Museum, Via San Francesco 4, Calangianus, ☎ 39 079 662034, @[email protected]. From Monday to Saturday, from 10:00 to 13:00 / From 15:00 to 18:00. The Cork Museum, unique of its kind, is set up in the premises of the former convent. Excellent quality of services.  
• 40.9212869.19455613 Diocesan Museum of Sacred Art, Via Rosario 12, Calangianus, ☎ 39 079 660218. By reservation only. Set up in the premises of the oratory of Our Lady of the Rosary, it has a vast artistic and cultural heritage. It can be visited by reservation only.  
• 40.9360439.17430314 Forteleoni collection, Via Umberto I 23, Luras, ☎ 39 079 647547. 
• 40.7795149.67432215 Museum of the Civilizations of the Sea, Via Niuloni 1, San Teodoro, ☎ 39 0784 866180. The temporary exhibition presents artifacts found in the area of ​​the inhabited center of San Teodoro, in its waters and in the closest ones, affected in ancient times by intense movements of commercial traffic. There is also a coin treasure from the Punic period, of unknown origin. The most ancient find is a Greek-Italic amphora, to be placed in relation with the Punic city of Olbia, the largest port in northern Sardinia starting from 350 BC. The other amphorae show the evolution of this container up to the classic Italic wine form, testifying to the continuity and intensification of trade. 
• 40.8752569.35266816 Cultural and Naturalistic Museum of Sardinia, Piazza Duomo, Telti. Set up in the premises owned by the Municipality, located in Piazza Duomo, and managed by the Association A.s.cu.na.s .; it is a permanent exhibition distributed in three rooms. Minerals are collected from the municipal area and throughout Sardinia, a representative herbarium of the local flora with an indication of the common name, scientific name and dialect name, and a large collection of insects with the most representative species of the area. 

Palaces and churches

• 40.876579.48736717 Pedres Castle, Via Castello Pedrese, Olbia. Si tratta di un forte, risalente al medioevo, costruito in pietra nella metà del Duecento, durante il periodo visconteo del giudicato di Gallura e successivamente utilizzato dai Pisani per far fronte all'attacco da parte degli Aragonesi. 
• 40.9029879.10416118 Palazzo Pes di Villamarina, Via Villa-Marina, Tempio Pausania. 
• 40.9217519.19400119 Palazzo Corda, Piazza Angioy, Calangianus. Il Palazzo Corda venne edificato nel 1892 da Marco Corda, il primo pioniere calangianese nel campo del sughero, e ne fece la sua dimora di famiglia nonché sede del primo settore industriale di Calangianus. Sede dei primi grandi dibattiti sul campo del sughero, del quale Calangianus è capitale. Di proprietà del comune dal 2006, il palazzo venne ristrutturato (lavori di restauro finanziati dallo stato) e privato dell'ampio cortile sul retro. Nel 2016, si trova in una fase di adattamento per ospitare, oltre al nuovo Museo del Costume Gallurese, una biblioteca più grande e meglio attrezzata. 
• 40.9218569.19507820 Palazzu Mannu, Piazza Santa Giusta, Calangianus. Edificato nel 1800, alle falde del colle Santa Justa, nei pressi della chiesa parrocchiale, è uno dei palazzi più antichi di Calangianus. 
• 41.0700399.22577321 Palazzo di Baldu, Località Santo Stefano, Luogosanto. Reperti dell'antico palazzo, facente parte di un insediamento medievale. 
• 40.9254789.49638922 Basilica di San Simplicio, Via Salvatore Fera, Olbia. Se ne fissa la costruzione in tre fasi, tra la fine dell'XI e il primo ventennio del XII secolo. 
• 40.9026819.1033923 Cattedrale di San Pietro, Via Parrocchia 9, Tempio Pausania. La chiesa dedicata a San Pietro Apostolo, cattedrale della diocesi di Tempio-Ampurias, sorge nel cuore del centro storico. Edificata a partire dal 1200, la costruzione granitica medievale ha subito nel corso dei secoli varie modifiche, dalla realizzazione del campanile nel XVI secolo, sino ai lavori di ampliamento conclusi nel 1827. 
• 40.9218099.19517524 Parrocchiale di Santa Giusta, Piazza Santa Giusta, Calangianus. La chiesa parrocchiale di Santa Giusta è il principale luogo di culto di Calangianus. Si trova nell'omonima piazza nel centro storico della cittadina. La chiesa di Santa Giusta di Calangianus ha origine nel '500, citata per la prima volta in un documento storico risalente al 1596. Trattasi di un monumento di importanza e pregio per la cultura gallurese. 
• 41.0505039.20588925 Basilica di Nostra Signora di Luogosanto, Piazza della Basilica, Luogosanto. La basilica, dedicata alla patrona di Gallura, fu edificata nel XIII secolo da alcuni frati francescani in seguito ad un'apparizione della Madonna che indicava loro il luogo dove si trovavano le reliquie dei santi Trano e Nicola, e fu interamente ricostruita nel XVIII secolo. 
• 40.9367869.17529826 Chiesa di Nostra Signora del Rosario, Via Nazionale, Luras. La chiesa risale alla fine del XVI secolo e venne edificata per volere del sacerdote Giorgio Scano; sostituì la vecchia parrocchiale ormai in rovina, San Giacomo, demolita poi nel 1765 per disposizione del vescovo di allora Pietro Paolo Carta. L'edificio è in conci di granito a vista. 

Siti archeologici

• 41.0700259.32146127 Necropoli di Li Muri, Arzachena. La necropoli, datata alla seconda metà del IV millennio a.C. e ascrivibile alla cultura di Arzachena, è composta da cinque casse litiche, quattro delle quali contornate da circoli di pietre conficcate nel terreno che, originariamente, delimitavno il tumulo in terra e pietrisco che veniva eretto sopra la sepoltura. 
• 40.9334439.54356628 Pozzo sacro di Sa Testa, Località Sa Testa, Olbia. L'esatta cronologia del pozzo sacro non è rilevabile con precisione a causa del suo uso continuato sino in epoca romana. La datazione delle forme più antiche risale all'età del bronzo. 
• 41.2337389.17446329 Complesso nuragico di Lu Brandali, sp 90 direzione Capo Testa (da santa Teresa Gallura prendere la sp 90 in direzione di Capo Testa), ☎ 39 392 0547979, @[email protected]. € 2.00 visita libera. Dom-Lun 09:30-18:30. Il complesso nuragico di Lu Brandali è formato da un nuraghe e dai resti di un villaggio e di una tomba di giganti. 
• 40.9080989.16881330 Area archeologica Pascaredda, Località Pascaredda, Calangianus. Situata in prossimità del rio Badu Mela. Vi situano la tomba dei giganti di Pascaredda, importante e ben conservato monumento archeologico ascrivibile al Bronzo medio-Bronzo recente (1700-1400 a.C.), la fonte sacra di Li Paladini, struttura megalitica ben conservata ed il Nuraghe Agnu. 

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