Sanniki (Masovian Voivodeship) - Sanniki (województwo mazowieckie)

	Sanniki;
	Sanniki Palace and park, palace and park complex for them. Frederic Chopin, 2nd half of the Of the 19th century (monument no. 444/62)]]
	Arms
	Information
Country	Poland
Region	masovian district
Surface	12.33 km²
Population	2000
Area code	48 24
Postal Code	09-540
	website

Sanniki (Masovian Voivodeship)

31817 View of the front, south elevation of the palace in Sanniki panorama.jpg

Sanniki commune

Church of Holy Trinity in Sanniki, province. Mazowieckie, (monument registration no. 716/62)

Sanniki - city (from 1 January 2018) in Poland, in Mazowieckie voivodship, in its western part, v Gostynin district, in Sanniki communeof which it is headquartered. They are located in the area between the Gostyniński Lakeland, the Kutno Plain, Kampinos Primeval Forest and the valley Vistula.

Information

Distance of the commune from Of Warsaw is 84 km, while from Lodz 90 km. The commune covers an area of 94.59 km² and is inhabited by about 6,600 people. This is 15% of the county's area. 87.8% of the commune's area is arable land and 5.6% forests.

Geographic coordinates: 52 ° 19′47 ″ N 19 ° 52′03 ″ E

In the years 1975-1998, the town was located in the former Płock Province.

Sanniki was located on the route connecting Warsaw with Łąckwhere the summer manor house was located Marshal Rydz-Śmigły. This resulted in the construction of an asphalt road to Sochaczew, which was connected with the route Warsaw - Poznan.

History

The fate of Sannik was associated with the Rawa voivodship for over 300 years. Administratively, Sanniki belonged to the Gostyń Land (with its center in Gostynin), which adjoined the Vistula between the Skrwa (in the west) and Bzura (in the east) rivers. The situation of the village of Sanniki was interesting, because here in the Middle Ages stood the duke's court, where the Płock and Rawa Piasts liked to stay. Although Sanniki was a prince's village, a royal village from the second half of the 15th century, the death of the Mazovian dukes meant that they became the subject of a noble lease. The Sanniki farm was based on serfdom and did not thrive, yet in the 18th century Sanniki was a non-town starosty, which gave them a higher rank than the surrounding villages.

The oldest monuments of architecture, sculptures and paintings are connected with the development of the parish network from the 12th to the 15th century. The earliest parishes were established in Gostynin and Gąbin, in the 14th century, among others. in Jamno, Pacyna, Suserz, Zycek, Luszyn, and in 1441 in Sanniki and Osmolin. In the 17th century, a number of wooden churches (Sanniki, Zyck, Pacyna, Czermno) were built and replaced with brick ones in the 19th and 20th centuries. The furnishings of temples in the Gąbin-Sanniki region, dominated by altars, sculptures and pictures in a good style from the 16th to the 19th century, undoubtedly influenced the aesthetic needs of the rural environment. Although chapel sculptures made by folk artists have not survived to our days, they have been quite common in this area.

From the beginning of the 19th century, Sanniki became the property of the Pruszak family from Pomerania. They renovated the palace and established a landscape park. Aleksander Pruszak supported the establishment of rural elementary schools, and after the November Uprising, he switched with subordinate peasants to rent contracts, aiming at the liquidation of serfdom.

Economy

Taking care of the economic development of their estates, the Pruszaks established large sheepfolds, and in 1849 they built a sugar factory in Sanniki. Expanded by successive heirs, it produced the so-called sugar heads, mainly exported to Russia. About 300 workers found permanent work here, and several hundred seasonal workers.

At the end of the 19th century, Sanniki was a relatively large and wealthy village with a population of about 2,000. It was the seat of the municipal office and the municipal court, elementary school and post office. The scale of the town's development is evidenced by the data on trade and service establishments: there were 4 butchers, 3 bakers, 6 different shops and an inn with a restaurant. Apart from the sugar factory and the farm, where a few craftsmen also worked (two blacksmiths, a saddler and two wheelwright) and several dozen fornels and farmhands, there were also workers of the distillery, sawmill and brickyard. The sugar factory, partially burned down in 1906 and bombed during World War I, never was rebuilt. In its place, a dairy was established.

Folk creativity

Sanniki is an interesting ethnographic enclave in Mazovia, with many separate features of traditional culture and distinguished by care for preserving the heritage of its regional culture. World War II completed the destruction of traditional peasant culture. And in the 1930s, striped aprons were worn as a festive outfit. Photographs of country weddings show that all women dressed up traditionally. When in 1970 a folklore group was created in nearby Czermno to recreate a village wedding in a four-hour spectacle, the costumes for several dozen women were placed in chests - most often beautifully painted Gąbiński and Sannica chests. It was worse with the clothes of men who kept only caps (maciejówki) and boots with uppers from tradition.

In the 1930s, striped uniforms for aprons and "dresses" were ordered in Gąbin or Sanniki, but in some houses the looms remained until the war. Marianna Rączka (born 1896) received looms as a dowry in 1917 and recalled: "until Christmas you had to unpack all the flax, and then it was woven until you went to work in the field in the spring". Wool weaving was also developed. The warp was always linen, and the weft was hand-spun or factory-spun. Only fabrics intended for trousers or men's spencers were woven exclusively from wool. The yarn was usually dyed by professional dyers, but the choice of colors was the work of rural women. They also composed fabric patterns. In the Gąbińsko-Sanniki region, a unique style of decorative fabrics was developed, not found in other regions of Poland and completely independent of the colors of the Łowicz “nosp”, i.e. bed covers. It is worth adding that the color of hot red with a shade of orange from Lowicz called "Sannicki" and liked to use it in their outfits. So they ordered striped uniforms with such a background from weavers in Kiernozi or from tertiary women in Sanniki. A cover for a bed in the Gąbińsko-Sanniki region is called "clothes" because the bed is "clothed" and the clothes are "bruised". "Odziewajki" very often had a "Sannica" red background, which was called here the "great snipe" color.

After World War I, interior decoration with cutouts was abandoned; only in older houses the upper part of the windows was covered with paper curtains. Openwork ornaments were cut in them, often perfectly composed. Spiders made of natural materials were hung from the ceiling, derived from magical apotropaic (protective) practices. With time, when the decorative role prevailed over magic, colored paper, tissue paper and woolen yarn were introduced into their form. In the Sanniki region, there are two types of "spiders": spatial - made of cubic structures, and horizontal - in the form of an open umbrella with suspended small elements. The latter "spiders" are similar to those using woolen yarn in the color scheme of Łowicz's striped fabrics. Undoubtedly, the most interesting branch of folk ornamentation in the Gąbie-Sannica region are paper cutouts. The original form is represented by: "flaps", birds and "weddings".

Relations between Sannik and Fryderyk Chopin

IN Żelazowa Wola, in the outbuilding where he was born Fryderyk Chopin there is a Sannik "cloak" hanging. It aptly symbolizes the 18-year-old artist's stay in Sanniki in 1828 during the summer holidays with his friend Pruszak family (parents of Konstanty, a school friend from the Warsaw Lyceum), who have lived for about 30 years in a magnificent palace (the neoclassical palace is a former the property of the Pruszak family, the appearance and shape of the palace owes to the architect Władysław Marconi), who we admire to this day (recently after a thorough renovation with the support of European funds).

The stay in Sanniki undoubtedly played a large role in the development of the composer's creative path. The Kujawiaks he heard there do not differ in the way they play in Kujawy and the Gąbińsko-Sannica region. Kujawiak's melodies are the pinnacle of folk music with mazurka rhythms, a very diversified line and rhythmic mobility with constant changes of arrangement contribute to the creation of interesting musical pieces. The pace of rubato (sudden slowdowns or accelerations) reaches the greatest intensity in the kujawiaks, and thanks to the musical inventiveness of folk violinists, free variations of a specific pattern were created. This free variation of the melodic passages attracted the attention of Fryderyk Chopin (although for the romantic boy he was certainly not indifferent to the kujawiak cantilena). thanks to the use of tempo rubato, especially in mazurkas. Here it must be clearly said that the specificity mazurkas Chopin is in the vast majority of cases based on the prototype of the folk kujawiaks, the most capricious of the mazurka group dances. Majority mazurkas Chopin's kujawiaks, and among them probably more than one was created thanks to the recollection of the music of the band in the inn in Sanniki. Trio in G minor and recomposed Rondo in C majorThe composer, easily succumbing to the charms of the fair sex, taught piano to Aleksandra, Konstanty's younger sister. In the palace garden, to the left of the main entrance, we can see a sculpture depicting a young girl staring at the composer; however, it is not Olesia, but the governess taking care of young Chopin in Sanniki.

In the landscape park surrounding the palace, we also see another sculpture by Fryderyk Chopin Ludwika Nitschowa (authors of, among others, the Warsaw Mermaid).

The park has beautiful hornbeam and chestnut alleys and specimens of pyramidal elms. Ginkgo and plane trees also grow here.

The great composer's stay in Sanniki in 1828 is also commemorated by a plaque on the front wall of the palace.

Next to the palace, there is a granary from the first half of the 19th century. 19th century

Until World War II, the palace had only good farmers (although the Pruszaks did not receive payment for the bridge built on the Vistula River and had to sell it to the Dziewulski family at the end of the interwar period), while after the war the state-owned farm was located in the property taken over by the State Treasury. In the 1980s, renovation works began. Today, tourists visit Sanniki in great numbers, and Sunday Chopin concerts are organized by the Fryderyk Chopin European Art Center in Sanniki (ul. Warszawska 142, tel. 24 277 78 27) http://www.ecasanniki.pl/.).

We do not enter the park with dogs on a leash or on a hand.

In the village, there are also the last wooden cottages, built of logs on the framework with characteristic inserts, from the 18th / 19th century at 7 and 11 Wiejska Street

Drive

By car

The provincial road 577 connects the commune Sochaczew With Gąbin and Łąck. There are also provincial roads No. 584 and No. 583 to Łowicz and Żychlin. It is 90 km from Łódź, 112 km from Warsaw, from Płock 32 km. From the highway, take the exit for Sochaczew.

Nature conservation

The region is located in the Natura 2000 area, including a complex of forests, lakes and rivers, very attractive in terms of natural and tourist values. It is located in the Gostynińsko-Włocławski Landscape Park, in the vicinity there are 5 nature reserves (and in the entire Gostyniński poviat - 7). Tourist values are related to the wide recreational offer, based on the complexes of lakes and forests.

Boarding

"Bolek" - Arkadiusz Bolmowski - ul. Fabryczna 15 tel. 509 102 940 or 725 000 500

Accommodation

Agritourism farm Krystyna Igielska Wólka Niska 6, 09-540 Sanniki, phone: 24 277 67 18
Barbara Wieczorek Agritourism Farm ul. Warszawska 11, 09-540 Sanniki, phone: 24 277 62 67
hotels in Gostynin and Płock

website http://www.sanniki.pl and http://www.ecasanniki.pl

In the south, the commune borders with voivodeship of Lodz and the closest important town in this voivodeship is Kiernozia.