Phrasebook English - Taalgids Engels

English (English) is a West Germanic language. This language, which originated more than 1000 years ago in Anglo-Saxon England, is now in fact the lingua franca in many parts of the world, as a result of the military, economic, cultural, scientific and political influence of the British Empire during the 18th and 19th and early 20th centuries combined with the hegemony of the United States from the early 20th century to the present day.

English is the official language of, among others Australia, Belize, New Zealand and Nigeria, and one of the official languages ​​of, among others Canada, Ireland and South Africa. English acts de facto as the official language of the United Kingdom and the United States.

English is also widely used as a second language or official language in the Commonwealth and is also the preferred language of almost all major international organizations. Therefore, the language can be very useful for the world traveler, even in countries where English is not the official language. The language functions as a lingua franca in communication in science, technology and international political and economic traffic all over the world. Certainly in the western world, English is available in almost every country these days. If you add up all the first and second language speakers, it is even the most widely used language in the world. If only first language speakers are considered, however, English is surpassed by the Mandarine and the Spanish.

Partly as a result of this, English has developed a very large vocabulary. This is mainly because two words often coexist for the same thing: a Germanic and a Romance (for example freedom and liberty, both of which mean 'freedom'). The difference in use is largely determined by the register: the Germanic words are preferably used in everyday life, the Romance synonyms in the official and/or written language. The total number of words in the English language is up for debate, but according to the Oxford Dictionary it is at least 500,000.

Dutch has also made a certain contribution to the English vocabulary, especially in words related to shipping. Some fairly common English (often more specifically American) words with a Dutch origin are: cookie (cookie), cruise (cross through), dike (dyke), Santa Claus (from Santa Claus), waffle (waffle), bourse (scholarship), boss (boss), burgomaster (mayor) and yacht (yacht).

History

Originally, English arose from many dialects that were brought to England by the Anglo-Saxon settlers from the 5th century onwards. This is how the language we use today was born old english to mention. This language was heavily influenced by the Old Norse language of the Vikings. After the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, Old English developed into the Middle English. Part of that change was the extensive use of loanwords from the Norman vocabulary and the use of Norman spelling rules. Modern English developed from this (among other things under the influence of the so-called big vowel shift) and also continued to incorporate foreign words, now mainly from French, Latin and Greek. In addition, it borrowed from the languages ​​of the original American population - where English had meanwhile become the language of the colonizer - Indian languages ​​and later also from the aboriginal languages ​​of Australia. Find words like kangaroo their origin, which in turn have also been copied into Dutch and other languages.

The grammatical structure of English can still be called predominantly Germanic, with the exception of a few sentence constructions borrowed from the Romance languages ​​(particularly French). Much (about 60%) of the total English vocabulary is derived from French and Latin. English is therefore sometimes called a "bridge language" between the world of the Germanic and that of the Romance languages.

English is generally periodized as follows:

• Old English, 7th and 8th centuries, also known as Anglo-Saxon, attested in Beowulf.
• Middle English, 12th-15th century, influence from Norman (a French dialect) after the battle of Hastings.
• New English, 16th century to the present.

Pronunciation

Introduction

English has a very deep orthography, ie there is little correlation between pronunciation and spelling. 40 sounds are written in 1120 different ways. According to researcher Eraldo Paulesu of the University of Milan, this is the reason that twice as many diagnoses of dyslexia are made in English-speaking countries as in Italy (for comparison: in Italian, 25 sounds are written in only 33 different ways).

The pronunciation of the English th-sound (as for example in the) is often the most difficult for Dutch speakers to imitate; this sound does not occur in Dutch. In this simplified transcription, we occasionally denote the "th" with "SS" or "S", which, however, are only partially similar. It is recommended that you practice the real "th" sound beforehand or on the spot to get the correct pronunciation. Sometimes you should prefer to pronounce the "th" sound as "d" because that comes closest to the pronunciation of non-native English speakers, such as immigrants, for example.

y

is pronounced more like 'DSCH'

s

is always a sharp 'S'.

Phonetic Notation

Consonants are often pronounced as in Dutch. Although, if you really want to do it right, there can be some detail differences. For example, you can simply pronounce the "w" as Dutch "w" and you will be understood well, but if you want to do it really well, you start for the real w sound with a very short oe sound. So if you pronounce what as wot they understand you without question, but they themselves say more oe-wot, but with an extremely short oe. Most Dutch vowel pronunciations also exist in English, but they often do not correspond to the written vowels in English. For example, "I can" is written in English as "I can" and pronounced as "ai ken" (where "ken" is pronounced a bit longer), but "I can't" is written in English as "I can't " and pronounced as "ai Kant" (where "kant" is pronounced a bit longer).

Sound list

The first column of each sound description in this list shows the letter combination that is used in the pronunciation of a word. It is in parentheses after the English word in the list of words/phrases.

phonetic display	Like in Dutch word	Explanation
tsj	-	Does not really occur in Dutch, but does occur in foreign names such as Tsjaikovsky, in most cases is the pronunciation of "ch" in English words.
dzj	-	Doesn't really occur in Dutch, but everyone can use the name John as "dzjon" (even though it is sometimes said "sjon"). The sound is used for the letter "j" in English words, but also for the "g" when followed by an "e" or an "i" .
r	-	The "r" is a different story. In English as it is spoken in England, it is not even pronounced at the end of a word/syllable, but the vowel before it is pronounced longer. The Americans do pronounce the "r" in that situation, however, and the vowel before it is not pronounced as long. At the beginning of a word/syllable the "r" is pronounced by the English and Americans. Thus, the word "born" is pronounced "bohn" by Englishmen and "born" by Americans. Not to forget that that "r" is there, "born" is here phonetically represented as "boh(r)n". In the situation of the "r" as the initial letter, it is written normally, without parentheses (as in "room", the English word for "room", which is pronounced "roehm").
d	the	Also occurs in English, as in the word "door" (English for door). If you are not quite fluent in the pronunciation of the English "th", the pronunciation as "d" can come quite close to the correct pronunciation as in the English word "the" which is then pronounced as "the" is also very well understood . Therefore, in the list of words/phrases, the "th" is often put as "d" in the pronunciation (in other cases as an "s"). If the letter is at the end of a word/syllable, it is not pronounced as "t", as in Dutch, but as a real voiced "d".
s	kind	Also occurs in English, as in the word "sort", but if you are not quite pronouncing the English "th", the pronunciation as "s" can be quite close to the correct pronunciation as in the English word "thing" which then pronounced as "sing" in a sentence is also perfectly understood. Therefore, in the list of words/phrases, the "th" is often set as "s" in the pronunciation (in other cases as a "d").
a	bath	Also occurs in English, as in the word "bath", but is pronounced a bit longer.
aa	true	Doesn't really occur in English, but they do know the sound of some South African words/names (in general people will be able to pronounce your name correctly if it contains this sound).
e	bed	Also occurs in English, with the same pronunciation duration, for example in "bed".
er	bed	Also occurs in English, but is pronounced slightly longer as in "can" which sounds like "ken", but to indicate the longer pronunciation it is written phonetically as "kehn". Also in "bad", the English word for "bad", it is good to use the long pronunciation "behd" to avoid confusion with the word "bed".
ee	two	Also occurs in English, and is pronounced the same length. Usually as the English words an "a" (in "baker", pronunciation "beekur") or "ea" (in "great", pronunciation "greet").
eu	odor	Is actually the same sound as the "u" in "hut", or the "e" in "de" but pronounced longer (example the English word "sir" which is pronounced as "seur", but not as the "eu" in "tune").
i	white	-
ie	beet	-
eh	beer	-
O	bone	-
Oh	bone	But pronounced longer like "o" in the color "pink" (example the English word "war" pronounced "wohr").
ouch	book	-
ooh	farmer	-
oo	boat	-
you	cabin	But also like the "e" in "the" or the "e" in "walk". By the way, the English tend to pronounce an ending "e" in foreign words like "ie" or "ee" as in "Caffè Latte" (becomes "kafee latee"), or in "Zimbabwe" (becomes "Zimbabwee" or "Zimbabwie", much to the chagrin of President "Mugabie").

Some Dutch sounds are unknown in English, and the English often have more difficulty learning the correct pronunciation than the Dutch have with the "th". If your name contains such a sound, many English (especially in less touristy areas) will look at you with a questioning, not understanding, when you mention your name.

phonetic display	Like in Dutch word	Remark
eu	tune	-
onion	brown	Englishmen who have also learned French can pronounce this sound, as in the French word "feuille" which sounds like "fui-je".
uu	rent	This sound also exists in French

Short sentences and expressions

An overview of the most important phrases and expressions. The order is based on the suspected frequency of its use.

Good day

Hello. (Hello)

Hey (informal)

Hi. (HAI)

How are you?

how are you? (Hau ahr juh?)

Good thank you.

Fine, thank you. (FAIN, ssenk juh)

What's your name?

What's your name? (WOT is juhr NEEM?)

My name is______ .

My name is ______ . (Mai NEEM is _____ .)

Pleasant introduction.

Nice to meet you. (NAISS tu miet JUH)

Please

please. (Pleas)

Thank you

Thank you. (SSENK juh)

Yes

Yes. (YESS)

new

no. (NOH)

Excuse me.

Excuse me. (Ex-Kjuhs mie) / I'm sorry. (Eim SSO-rie)

Bye

Goodbye. (GOOD-bei.)

I do not speak English

I can't speak English. (AI cheats ING-lisch)

Do you speak Dutch?

Do you speak Dutch? (duh JOEH cheat DUTSJ?)

Does anyone here speak Dutch?

Is there someone here who speaks Dutch? (ISS sehr SSAM-wan hier hoeh spieks Dutsj?)

Help!

Help! (HELP!)

Carefully!

Lookout! (loeck AU!)

Good morning

Good morning. (gud MORN-ing)

good evening

Good evening. (gud IEF(E)-ning)

Good night.

Good night. (gud NAID)

sleep well

Good night. (gud NAID)

I do not understand

I don't understand. (Ai dohnt ANN-der-STEND)

Where is the toilet?

Where's the toilet? (WEHR iss se TOY-lett?)

When problems occur

Leave me alone.

Leave me alone. (sweet mie ALOHN)

Do not touch me!

Don't touch me! (DOHNT tatsch mie!)

I'm calling the police.

I'll call the police. (Eil KOL se poh-LIES)

Law enforcement!

Police! (poh-LIES)

Stop the thief!

Stop! Thief! (Stop! Sief!)

I need help.

I need your help. (Ai NIED juhr HELP)

This is an emergency.

It's an emergency. (itz an i-MUR-dschenn-ssi)

I am lost.

I'm lost. (Eim LOST)

I lost my (back) bag.

I lost my bag. (Ai lost mai behg)

I lost my wallet.

I lost my wallet. (Ai lost mai WOLLet)

I am ill.

I'm sick. (Eim SICK.)

I'm hurt.

I've been injured. (Aif bihn in-DSCHUR't.)

I need a doctor.

I need a doctor. (Ai NIED a DOCK-ter)

Can I use your phone?

Can I use your phone? (Kenn ai juhs juhr FOHNN?)

To count

1

one (when)

2

two (tuh)

3

three (SSrieh)

4

four (fohr)

5

five (feihf)

6

six (six)

7

seven (sew)

8

eight (ait)

9

nine (no)

10

at (tenn)

11

eleven (iLEWen)

12

twelve (twehlw)

13

thirteen (SsuRtien)

14

fourteen (FOHRtien)

15

fifteen (FIFFten)

16

sixteen (SIXteen)

17

seventeen (SEWENtien)

18

eighteen (AITten)

19

nineteen (NEINten)

20

twenty (twenties)

21

twenty one (twentiesWANN)

22

twenty two (twentyTUH)

23

twenty three (twentiesSSRIEH)

30

thirty (Ssurtie)

40

forty (fohrtie)

50

fifty (fifftie)

60

sixty (sixties)

70

seventy (sewence)

80

eighty (aitie)

90

ninety (naintie)

100

one hundred (WANN hanndrud)

200

two hundred (TUH hanndrud)

300

three hundred (SSRIEH hanndrud)

1000

one thousand (WANN SSAUsund)

2000

two thousand (TUH SSAUsund)

1,000,000

one million (WANN mill-jenn)

1,000,000,000

one thousand million in it United Kingdom (WANN SSAUsund mill-jenn), one billion (WANN bill-jenn) in the United States

1,000,000,000,000

one billion (WANN bill-jenn) in the UK, one trillion (WANN trill-jenn) in the USA

Line _____ (Train, Bus, etc...)

number _____ (number bar) : route _____ (rawt)

Stop

half (hahf)

Less

less (less)

Lake

more (mohr)

Time display

now

now (nau)

later

later (lee-tur)

earlier

before (bie-for)

(the morning

morning (mor-ning)

afternoon

afternoon (af-tur-noen)

evening

evening (iev-ning)

night

night (nait)

Today

today (toe-dee)

yesterday

yesterday (jes-tur-dee)

tomorrow

tomorrow (toe-mo-roo)

this week

this week (this wick)

last week

last week (lahst wick)

next week

next week (next wick)

one o'clock in the morning

one o'clock AM (wan oo-clock ee-em) or one AM (wan ee-em)

two o'clock in the morning

two o'clock AM (oo-clock ee-em) or two AM (bye ee-em)

afternoon

noon (noehn)

one o'clock in the afternoon

one o'clock PM (wan oo-clock pie-em) or one AM (wan pie-em)

two o'clock in the afternoon

two o'clock PM (toe oo-clock pie-em) or two AM (pie-em)

midnight

midnight (mid nait)

eight-thirty

half past eight (hahf pahst eat)

_____ minute(s)

_____ minute(s) (...)

_____ you(s)

_____ hour(s) (...)

_____ to dawn)

_____ day(s) (...)

_____ week(s)

_____ week(s) (...)

_____ months)

_____ month(s) (...)

_____ year(s)

_____ year(s) (...)

To dawn

Sunday

Sunday (sun-dee)

Monday

Monday (mon-dee)

Tuesday

Tuesday (tjoes-dee)

Wednesday

Wednesday (wish-dee)

Thursday

Thursday (surs-dee)

Friday

Friday (frai-dee)

Saturday

Saturday (se-tur-dee)

Months

January

January (jen-joe-e-ri)

February

Feb (fe-broe-e-ri)

March

March (martj)

April

April (ee-pril)

May

May (along)

June

June (dzjun)

July

july (djzoe-lai)

August

August (o-gust)

September

Sept (sep-tem-bur)

October

Oct (ok-too-bur)

November

Nov (noo-vem-bur)

December

Dec (die-sem-bur)

To colour

black

black (pale)

white

white (wait)

red

red (red)

blue

blue (flower)

yellow

yellow (you-loo)

green

green (grin)

Orange

orange (o-rendzj)

Violet

purple (pur-pul)

brown

brown (brown)

pink

little finger (little finger )

Traffic

Train and bus

How much does a ticket to _____ cost?

How much is a ticket to _____? (...)

A ticket to _____, please.

One ticket to _____, please. (...)

Where does this train/bus go?

Where does this train/bus go? (...)

Does this train/bus stop in _____?

Does this train/bus stop in _____? (...)

When does the train/bus run to_____ ?

When does the train/bus for _____ leave? (...)

When will this teen/bus arrive in _____?

When will this train/bus arrive in _____? (...)

Direction

How do I get to _____ ?

How do I get to _____ ? (...)

...the train station?

...the train station? (...)

...the bus stop?

...the bus station? (...)

...the airport?

...the airport? (...)

...the city center?

...downtown? (...)

...the youth hostel?

...the youth hostel? (...)

...the hotel?

...the _____ hotel? (...)

...the Dutch/Belgian/Surinamese consulate?

...the Dutch/Belgian/Surinamese consulate? (...)

Where are there many...

Where are there a lot of... (...)

...hotels?

...hotels? (...)

...restaurants?

...restaurants? (...)

...cafes?

...bar? (...)

...sights?

...sights to see? (...)

Can you show this on the map?

Can you show me on the map? (...)

Street

street (...)

Turn left.

Turn left. (...)

Turn to the right.

Turn right. (...)

left

left (...)

right

right (...)

straight ahead

straight ahead (...)

follow _____

towards the _____ (...)

in addition to the_____

past the _____ (...)

for the _____

before the _____ (...)

north

north (...)

south

south (...)

East

east (...)

West

west (...)

uphill

uphill (...)

downhill

downhill (...)

Cab

Cab!

Cab! (...)

Take me to _____, please.

Take me to _____, please. (...)

How much does it cost to drive to _____?

How much does it cost to get to _____? (...)

Take me there, please.

Take me there, please. (...)

To sleep

Are there still rooms available?

Do you have any rooms available? (...)

How much is a room for one person/two people?

How much is a room for one person/two people? (...)

Does the room...

Does the room come with... (...)

...a bathroom?

...a bathroom? (...)

...a phone?

...a telephone? (...)

...a TV?

...a TV? (...)

Can I see the room first?

May I see the room first? (...)

Do you also have something quieter?

Do you have anything quieter? (...)

...taller?

...bigger? (...)

...cleaner?

...cleaner? (...)

...cheaper?

...cheaper? (...)

OK, I'll take them.

OK, I'll take it. (...)

I stay _____ night(s).

I will stay for _____ night(s). (...)

Can you recommend me another hotel?

Can you suggest another hotel? (...)

Do you have a safe/safe?

Do you have a safe? (...)

...cabinets?

...lockers? (...)

Is breakfast included?

Is breakfast included? (...)

At what time is breakfast?

What time is breakfast? (...)

Please clean the room.

Please clean my room. (...)

Can you wake me up at _____?

Can you wake me at _____? (...)

I want to check out.

I want to check out. (...)

Money

Do you accept Euros?

Do you accept Euros? (JU-rohs)

Do you accept credit cards?

Do you accept credit cards? (...)

Can you exchange money for me?

Can you change money for me? (...)

Where can I exchange money?

Where can I get money changed? (...)

Can you exchange traveler checks?

Can you change a traveler's check (USA)/cheque (UK) for me? (...)

Where can I exchange traveler checks?

Where can I get a traveler's check changed? (...)

What is the exchange rate?

What is the exchange rate? (...)

Where is there an ATM?

Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM) (America) / cash dispenser (Brit.)? (...)

Food

A table for one person/two people, please.

A table for one person/two people, please. (...)

Can we have the map, please?

Can I look at the menu, please? (...)

Can we see the kitchen?

Can I look in the kitchen? (...)

what is the specialty of the house?

Is there a house specialty? (...)

Is there a regional dish?

Is there a local specialty? (...)

I am vegetarian.

I'm a vegetarian. (...)

I do not eat pork.

I don't eat pork. (...)

I don't eat beef.

I don't eat beef. (...)

I can only eat kosher.

I only eat kosher food. (...)

a la carte

a la carte (...)

breakfast

breakfast (...)

lunch

lunch (...)

tea

tea (...)

supper, dinner

supper (...)American = Dinner

I would like to.

I would like _____. (...)

chicken

chicken (...)

beef

beef (...)

fish

fish (...)

ham

ham (...)

sausage

sausage (...)

cheese

cheese (...)

Eggs

eggs (...)

salad

salad (...)

(fresh vegetables

(fresh) vegetables (...)

(fresh fruit

(fresh) fruit (...)

bread

bread (...)

Toast

toast (...)

noodles

noodles (...)

pasta

pasta (...)

rice

rice (...)

beans

beans (...)

Can I have a glass of _____?

May I have a glass of _____? (...)

Can I have a cup of _____?

May I have a cup of _____? (...)

Can I have a bottle of _____?

May I have a bottle of _____? (...)

coffee

coffee (...)

tea

tea (...)

juice

juice (...)

water

water (...)

beer

bear (...)

red/white wine

red/white wine (...)

Can I have the _____?

May I have some _____? (...)

salt

salt (...)

(black pepper

black pepper (...)

butter

butter (...)

waiter? (getting attention of server)

Excuse me, waiter? (...)

I'm ready.

I'm finished. (...)

It was delicious.

It was delicious. (...)

The bill please.

The check, please. (...) (Am.)/The bill, please/Can we pay, please (British)

Going out

Do you serve alcohol?

Do you serve alcohol? (...)

One beer/two beers, please

A beer/two beers, please. (...)

A glass of red/white wine, please.

A glass of red/white wine, please. (...)

A glass, please.

A glass, please. (...)

Half a litre, please.

A pint, please. (...)

A bottle, please.

A bottle, please. (...)

whiskey

whisk(e)y (...)

vodka

vodka (...)

rum

rum (...)

water

water (...)

orange juice

orange juice (...)

coke

coke (...)

One more, please.

One more, please. (...)

One more round, please.

Another round, please. (...)

When is the closing time?

When is closing time? (...)

To buy

Do you also have this in my size?

Do you have this in my size? (...)

How much does that cost?

How much is this? (...)

That's too expensive.

That's too expensive. (...)

expensive

expensive (...)

cheap

cheap (...)

I can't afford that.

I can't afford it. (...)

I do not want it.

I don't want it. (...)

You are deceiving me.

You're cheating me. (...)

I am not interested

I'm not interested. (...)

OK, I'll take it.

OK, I'll take it. (...)

I need

I need... (...)

...toothpaste.

...tooth paste. (...)

...a toothbrush.

...a toothbrush. (...)

...tampons.

...tampons. (...)

...soap.

...soap. (...)

...shampoo.

...shampoo. (...)

...a razor.

...a razor. (...)

...a rain cover/umbrella.

...an umbrella. (...)

...sun milk.

...sun(block) lotion. (...)

...a postcard.

...a postcard. (...)

...stamps.

...(postage) stamps. (...)

...batteries.

...batteries. (...)

...writing paper.

...writing paper. (...)

...a pen.

...apes. (...)

...a Dutch-language magazine.

...Dutch-language magazines. (...)

...a Dutch-language newspaper.

...a Dutch-language newspaper. (...)

...an English-X dictionary.

...an English-X dictionary. (...)

To drive

Can I rent a car?

Can I rent a car? (ken aai rent uh kah)

Can I take out insurance?

Can I get insurance? (ken aai get in-SJOE-runs)

STOP

stop (Stop)

one way street

one way (WAN weej)

parking ban

no parking (NOOW PAR king)

speed limit

speed limit (sorry LI-mit)

gas station

gas station (USA)/service station, filling station, petrol station (UK) (ges stee-SJUN / SUR-vis stee-SJUN, FIL-ing stee-SJUN, PEH-troll stee-SJUN)

gasoline

petrol (UK)/gas, gasoline (USA) (PEH-troll, ges, GES-o-lien)

diesel

diesel (diezel)

authorities

I haven't done anything wrong.

I haven't done anything wrong. (...)

It was a misunderstanding.

It was a misunderstanding. (...)

Where are you taking me?

Where are you taking me? (...)

Am I arrested?

Am I under arrest? (...)

I am a Dutch/Belgian/Surinamese citizen.

I am a Dutch/Belgian/Surinamese citizen. (...)

I want to speak to a lawyer.

I want to talk to a lawyer. (...)

Can't I just pay a fine now?

Can't I just pay a fine now? (...)

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