Thailand - 泰国

Kingdom of Thailand（Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย), commonly known asThailand, The old nameSiam(Thai: สยาม), yesSoutheast AsiaA country on the eastLaoswithCambodia, South of the Gulf of Siam andMalaysia, West byMyanmarAnd the Andaman Sea,Association of Southeast Asian NationsOne of the member states.

learn

The official full name of Thailand is the "Kingdom of Thailand" (Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย, the royal transliteration: Ratcha Anachak Thai /râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʐnāːtɕàk tʊnā "ก", ุรกรักกกเด And "ไทย" means "freedom". In the past, Thailand has always used "Siam" (Thai: สยาม, royal transliteration: Sayam) as its country name. After getting rid of Khmer rule, the Siamese used the word "freedom" (pronounced "Thai") as the name of the main ethnic group of Thai people. From June 23, 1939 to September 8, 1945, Marshal Luang Pibun Songkham renamed Siam to "Thailand" (Thai: ประเทศไทย, Royal Transliteration: Prathet Thai), whichever is the "Free Territory" This is because in Southeast Asia at that time, the surrounding kingdoms, large and small, have been reduced toPortugal、Netherlands、U.K、France、America、JapanWaiting for the colonies of Eurasian powers, making Thailand the only remaining independent country. On September 8, 1945, Thailand was renamed the "Kingdom of Siam". On May 11, 1949, Siam officially changed its name to the "Kingdom of Thailand."

history

Thailand was called Siam in ancient times. Most of the people's ancestors were Chinese, especially the cities north of Bangkok are basically Chinese descendants. More than a thousand years ago, he originally lived inChinaYunnanTo escapeMongoliaInvaded and moved south to the Indochina Peninsula. The earliest Chiang Mai was the capital of ancient Thailand. It was subsequently occupied by Burmese invasion. NowChiang MaiThe long-term residents are basically of Chinese descent, and many speak Chinese.

In 1238, two Thai generals, Khun Bang Gangtao and Khun Phraman, succeeded in independence from the Khmer (now Cambodia) rule and established the Sukhothai dynasty. Khun Bang Gangtao was adopted as King Sri Intratit (King Sri Intratit) , Became the first Thai king. Sukhothai (Sukhothai) was the capital of Thailand’s first dynasty.Bangkok427 kilometers to the north. In the Sukhothai dynasty, the third Thai king Ramkhamhaeng (Ramkhamhaeng) had a high prestige. After he became king in 1278, he was regarded as the golden age of Sukhothai. During the period, there were monuments containing the Thai language. Therefore, the Thais are convinced that the Thai language is Created by him, his sphere of influence extends from today’s Myanmar and Laos toMalay Peninsula, But the ability to govern the surrounding areas is often empty. It is generally believed that Ramkham Heng the Great created the Thai alphabet based on Khmer and Mon (Mon) scripts, and became the first king to leave an inscription on it, and introducedIndiaCeylonThe culture and art of Ceylon, the Hinayana Buddhism of Ceylon has a profound influence on Thailand as a Buddhist country today.

In the middle of the 14th century, the Ayutthaya Kingdom (Ayutthaya Kingdom from 1350 to 1767) replaced it. Like the dynasties of ancient Thailand in various eras, they made full use of the Chinese andIndia、EuropeThe advantage of the location on the connection point in terms of the trade-rich countries. Since the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Kingdom of Ayutthaya has maintained a good relationship with Chinese businessmen. Generally, foreigners are prohibited from living in the cities of the Kingdom of Ayutthaya, but only Chinese businessmen are not subject to this restriction. At the same time, it defeated the Khmer Empire, which was in its prosperous period, and conquered large tracts of land.

In the 18th century, Chinese-American Zheng Xin established the Thonburi Dynasty. Later, Lama I took power and established the capital of Bangkok, known as the Chakri Dynasty (Bangkok Dynasty).

Western powers began to come to Thailand in the 16th century until the end of the 19th century,BritainLawThe two countries have been established on the east and west sides of SiamBritish IndiawithFrench Indochinacolony. In 1896, Britain and France signed the "Declaration on Siam and Other Places", which listed Siam as a "buffer country" between the two colonies. Later, Britain and France delineated the sphere of influence in 1904: the east of the Chao Phraya River was the sphere of influence of France, and the west was the sphere of influence. For the British sphere of influence. Although Siam did not become a colony of great powers, it was still suppressed by Britain and France.

existSecond World WarThailand tends toJapan, December 7, 1941, launched by JapanPacific War, Japan and Thailand signed the "Japan-Thailand Alliance Treaty." On January 25, 1942, Thailand declared war on Britain and the United States. Japan once ceded part of its occupied areas in Burma and Malaya to Thailand. On August 15, 1945, Japan was defeated and surrendered, and Thailand immediately declared on the following day: "Thailand's declaration of war against Britain and the United States on January 25, 1942 is invalid."

On May 11, 1949, the Thais changed "Siam" to "Thai" using the name of their own nation, mainly taking the meaning of "free". Because in Southeast Asia at that time, only Thailand was an independent country, and other countries became colonies.

After the Second World War, Thailand becameAmericaThe main military allies of Thailand have cordial relations in the economy and military, and have long-term US military garrisons in Thailand, so you will find that Thailand’s armaments are all made in the United States. Thailand is also a pivotal country in Southeast Asia. The country is one of the founding countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

nationality

Thailand’s former Siam, located between China and IndiaIndochina PeninsulaOf the heartland. Buddhism is respected throughout the country. For many centuries, it has been a gathering place for religions, cultures and many ethnic groups in Southeast Asia. Thailand covers an area of ​​about 500,000 square kilometers, which is similar to France. The population is about 60 million. Thailand borders Myanmar in the northwest, Laos in the northeast, Cambodia in the east, and Malaysia in the south.

Throughout its long history, Thailand has continuously absorbed foreign cultures and immigrants. Foreign writers, painters, sculptors, dancers, musicians and architects have promoted the flourishing of local culture. The local residents of Thailand are actually composed of many ethnic groups. There are mainly Thais, Mongolians, Khmers, Laos, Chinese, Malays, Persians and Indians. It can be said that there are no pure Thais. Therefore, the Thai body shape, the bone height are different, the facial features are different, and the skin tone is also very different. About 80% of Thais are involved in agriculture. To a considerable extent, agriculture is directly or indirectly affected by religious festivals and ceremonies, so Thailand is a country with great cultural characteristics.

climate

Most parts of Thailand have a tropical monsoon climate. The annual temperature is no lower than 18°C, and the average annual precipitation is about 1000 mm. November to February is affected by the cooler northeast monsoon and it is relatively dry. From March to May, the temperature is highest, reaching 40-42℃. July to September is affected by the southwest monsoon, which is the rainy season. From October to December, tropical cyclones hit eastern Thailand from the South China Sea through the Indochina Peninsula, but tropical cyclones formed in the Gulf of Siam were few and weak.

area

city

• Bangkok - capital.
• Pattaya -The famous seaside city in the south of Bangkok is a paradise for water sports and parties.
• Chiang Mai -The northern port, with a population of more than 170,000, is the fifth largest city in Thailand.
• Ayutthaya -A city in the north of Bangkok, an ancient cultural capital with a history of 33 dynasties and a history of 417 years. It is about a 1.5-hour drive from Bangkok. In 1350, King Uthong of Thailand first established the capital here, and then the country prospered. Domestic poets, scholars and sculptors , And even business travelers from all over the world, gathered in the capital, the prosperity is unparalleled. In the heyday of Ayutthaya in the 17th century AD, more than 1 million people gathered here, like a small New York. Until the Burmese invasion in 1767, most of the buildings were burned out and looted, the cultural relics were completely destroyed and turned into a pile of remaining ruins.
• Kanchanaburi -About 128 kilometers from the capital Bangkok. The province is mainly located in plateau areas, especially in the north, with undulating mountains, dense forests, and many rivers. It is rich in minerals and wood such as gold, tin, tungsten, manganese, zinc, copper, fluorite, sapphire, and silver. It is also a tourist hotspot, with natural beauty everywhere. The tourist hotspot is the River Kwai Bridge: about 4 kilometers to the north of the county directly under the Central Government. During the Second World War, a large number of overseas Chinese and Allied prisoners of war were forced to build the railway to Myanmar. Due to the harsh environment, the construction of this bridge has cost 10,000 people. Hence the name "Death Railway".

Other destinations

National Park

Wildlife Sanctuary/Nature Reserve

arrival

visa

Visitors from the Greater China region do not need to apply for a visa in advance, of which,

• Those who hold the following ordinary passports canVisa-freeEntering Thailand and staying at most30 days：
  • People's Republic of ChinaHongkongSpecial Administrative Region
  • People's Republic of ChinaMacaoSpecial Administrative Region
  • Malaysia
  • Singapore
  • U.KNational (Overseas)
  • Portugal
• Holders of the following ordinary passports can apply at the Thai portArrival visaAnd stay at most15 days：
  • People's Republic of China
  • Republic of China(Taiwan)

Visa on arrival information:

• Cost: 1,000 baht
• Material:

Aviation

Depart from Taiwan

Taiwan Taoyuan International AirportThe main flights to Bangkok, Thailand are:

• Serving 4 airlines (Thai Airways, EVA Airways, China Airlines, KLM)
• Average daily frequency: 8
• The average price is adjusted according to the international oil price (the economy class price is about NT$10,000 to 20,000 including tax)

railway

Although the train was built by Daewoo in the 1990s, the carriages are large and not crowded. Thai train cars are divided into three classes. The first is air-conditioned private sleeping berths, the second is air-conditioned sleepers or air-conditioned soft seats, and the third is hard seats. Each class is worse than domestic trains. According to online recommendations, second-class sleepers are available. It's already very good. It's not as good as the plane. The second-class sleepers are very comfortable parallel to the direction of the train. They will not shake like domestic sleepers because the train accelerates and brakes. The lower berth is a bit wider and more expensive than the upper berth. The upper berth is folded during the day; at around 9pm, the conductor will come back to spread you a new bed sheet, quilt and cushion, so it is very comfortable. Therefore, taking the train to the northern city is the best choice. It is more comfortable to go to Chiang Mai. It will arrive at dawn after a good night's sleep. The train is definitely the best choice to go to Chiang Mai. The southern cities are too far away, and Thai trains are extremely slow. The basic speed is 50 kilometers per hour, which is far from the domestic 200 kilometers, and they are often delayed.

transportation

Language

byThaiMainly, English is also used to a certain extent. People in most tourist places, such as hotels, shops, restaurants, and zoos, can speak English; however, there are still some people who don't speak English basically. For example, most taxi drivers may not be able to speak English.

go sightseeing

With the vigorous promotion of the Tourism and Tourism Administration of Thailand, the tourism industry has become Thailand's main source of economic income. Tourists can enjoy different forms of tourism in different areas of the country. Thailand has a modern city, Bangkok, facing the Gulf of Siam and the Indian Ocean in the south. Many natural beach resorts have developed. The mountainous area in the north has a pleasant climate and is also suitable for travel. Famous tourist attractions:

• Bangkok
• Southern Beach Resort
  • Uttara
  • Hua Hin
  • Phuket
  • SuMei Island
  • Samed Island
  • Koh Phangan
• North Central Region
  • Chiang Mai
  • Chiang Rai-Golden Triangle Area

World Heritage

Thailand has 5 world heritage sites, including 3 cultural heritages and 2 natural heritages.

• Sukhothai historical towns and related historical towns (cultural heritage, 1991)
• The historical city of Ayutthaya (cultural heritage, 1991)
• Tongai-Huikaken Wildlife Sanctuary (Natural Heritage, 1991)
• Ban Thanh Archaeological Site (Cultural Heritage, 1992)
• Dombayayen-Kauai Forest Complex (Natural Heritage, 2005)

In addition, the Preah Vihear Temple on the border of Thailand and Cambodia is also a World Heritage Site, and its ownership is in dispute between the two parties.

Activity

Shopping

cost

market

• Dannen Sado — The floating market is a morning market. It is open from 5:00 to 12:00 in the morning and is located approximately 100 kilometers southwest of Bangkok.
• Amphawa — The floating market is full of people during holidays. It is located in the south of Damnoen Saduak, about 80 kilometers southwest of Bangkok
• Megong — It is a railway market, located about 5 kilometers southeast of Amphawa. The train goes back and forth four times a day. Therefore, the vendors have to open the scaffolding eight times a day. The train arrives at Maekung. Work frequency: 0620/0900/1130/1530,

Take the train from Maeklong Station to Wangwei Anya Station in Bangkok: Maeklong Station → Banglang Station, transfer to the ferry to cross the Tagum River, and then take the train from Maichai Station → Wangwei Anya Station, Wangwei Anya Station is located in Bangkok Zhao Thonburi area on the west bank of the Phraya River, nearby the Wangwei Anya station connected to downtown Bangkok

diet

Nightlife

stay

Learn

Work

Safety

Medical treatment

manner

Thailand is a diligent Buddhist country. About 94% of the population believe in Buddhism.

communication